Vitamin C Absorption: Forms, Food & Timing, Compared
Bottom line
A: well characterized in people. Forms: 5+ human studies, 100+ participants, randomized/crossover designs, consistent values. Comparisons: agreeing head-to-head and matched single-form evidence with clear separation. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off.We found 164 studies with usable absorption data for this supplement, 91 of them in people; every value below is copied from its paper and cited.
From food (kiwifruit, juice) and ascorbic acid (plain) showed no significant difference in 3 human head-to-head studies (grade A).
Liposomal vitamin C measured higher than ascorbic acid (plain) in the one human head-to-head study (grade B).
- Studies in database
- 164 (all full-text)
- Species
- 91 human, 5 pig, 26 rodent, 23 other animal, 19 in vitro
- Form comparison grades
- B: solid human data. Forms: 3+ human studies. Comparisons: one randomized head-to-head, or matched single-form evidence from 2+ studies per form. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. Liposomal vitamin C vs Ascorbic acid (plain)D: animal or lab data only, or conflicting comparisons. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. Calcium ascorbate / Ester-C vs Ascorbic acid (plain)A: well characterized in people. Forms: 5+ human studies, 100+ participants, randomized/crossover designs, consistent values. Comparisons: agreeing head-to-head and matched single-form evidence with clear separation. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. From food (kiwifruit, juice) vs Ascorbic acid (plain)
Educational information about published research; not medical advice. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Talk to a clinician before changing supplements, especially if pregnant, nursing or on medication.
Best-absorbed form
Draft — pending reviewer- Best-absorbed form in our data: Liposomal vitamin C (evidence grade B).
- Liposomal vitamin C measured higher than ascorbic acid (plain) in the one human head-to-head study (grade B).
- Caveat: this rests on one small study, so treat it as provisional.
Absorption evidence only, from the graded comparisons on this page. Not a recommendation to buy any product, not dosing advice, not medical advice.
73 of 164 studies are not in humans; each is labeled with a species badge.
Vitamin C forms compared
| Form | Lowest | Highest | Studies | PMIDs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascorbic acid (plain) | 74.2 | 96.9 | 1 | 15380894 |
| Slow-release vitamin C | 70.2 | 91.6 | 1 | 15380894 |
| From food (kiwifruit, juice) | 50 | 50 | 1 | 25191543 |
n = number of human studies. Full values with doses, sources and citations are in the data tables below.
Form tags are matched automatically and need reviewer confirmation. Values are not normalized across studies.
Species (abstract screen): 51 human, 4 pig, 18 rodent, 9 other animal, 15 in vitro
97 studies (51 human) · show quotes
- Loading… Each study is also listed with its citation in Studies.
Vitamin C liposomal vitamin c vs ascorbic acid (plain): which absorbs better?
Liposomal vitamin C measured higher than ascorbic acid (plain) in the one human head-to-head study (grade B). See the measured values →
Species (abstract screen): no studies
No relevant studies in our database address this question yet. We don't fill gaps with guesses.
Vitamin C calcium ascorbate / ester-c vs ascorbic acid (plain): which absorbs better?
No study in our database compares these two forms directly.
Species (abstract screen): no studies
No relevant studies in our database address this question yet. We don't fill gaps with guesses.
Vitamin C from food (kiwifruit, juice) vs ascorbic acid (plain): which absorbs better?
From food (kiwifruit, juice) and ascorbic acid (plain) showed no significant difference in 3 human head-to-head studies (grade A). See the measured values →
Species (abstract screen): 2 human
2 studies (2 human) · show quotes
- Loading… Each study is also listed with its citation in Studies.
Vitamin C slow-release vitamin c vs ascorbic acid (plain): which absorbs better?
No study in our database compares these two forms directly.
Species (abstract screen): no studies
No relevant studies in our database address this question yet. We don't fill gaps with guesses.
Should you take Vitamin C with food?
B: solid human data. Forms: 3+ human studies. Comparisons: one randomized head-to-head, or matched single-form evidence from 2+ studies per form. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off.human + animal datahow we gradeSpecies (abstract screen): 15 human, 3 rodent, 2 other animal, 2 in vitro
Grade basis (abstract screen): 7 human randomized/crossover studies; A-eligible only once the reviewer confirms they agree (capped at B until then). Auto-computed draft grade — pending reviewer review.
22 studies (15 human) · show quotes
- Loading… Each study is also listed with its citation in Studies.
Best time to take Vitamin C
Not graded: no comparable evidence yet. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off.no datahow we gradeSpecies (abstract screen): no studies
Grade basis (abstract screen): No relevant studies in the database for this question.
No relevant studies in our database address this question yet. We don't fill gaps with guesses.
Vitamin C cost per mg calculator
Compare what you pay per mg of each form. Shows published ranges only; no dose recommendations.
FAQ
Which form of Vitamin C is best absorbed?
Best-absorbed form in our data: Liposomal vitamin C (evidence grade B). Liposomal vitamin C measured higher than ascorbic acid (plain) in the one human head-to-head study (grade B). Caveat: this rests on one small study, so treat it as provisional. See the evidence →
Is Vitamin C liposomal vitamin c better absorbed than ascorbic acid (plain)?
Liposomal vitamin C measured higher than ascorbic acid (plain) in the one human head-to-head study (grade B). See the evidence →
Is Vitamin C calcium ascorbate / ester-c better absorbed than ascorbic acid (plain)?
We have no relevant studies in our database that mention both forms, but no graded head-to-head measurement yet. See the verbatim findings in this section. See the evidence →
Is Vitamin C from food (kiwifruit, juice) better absorbed than ascorbic acid (plain)?
From food (kiwifruit, juice) and ascorbic acid (plain) showed no significant difference in 3 human head-to-head studies (grade A). See the evidence →
Is Vitamin C slow-release vitamin c better absorbed than ascorbic acid (plain)?
We have no relevant studies in our database that mention both forms, but no graded head-to-head measurement yet. See the verbatim findings in this section. See the evidence →
Should Vitamin C be taken with food?
We have 22 relevant studies in our database that mention food or fasting. See the evidence →
When is the best time to take Vitamin C?
We have no relevant studies in our database that mention timing. See the evidence →
Is this dosing advice?
No. We summarize published absorption research and compare prices. Talk to a clinician about what's right for you. See the evidence →
Answers summarize the data on this page.
Measured absorption data (full-text extraction)
338 papers read in full text, 164 with usable data (174 excluded as off-topic, reviews or off-target). 1122 values extracted. Species: Human 91Rodent 26Other animal 23In vitro 19Pig 5
Grades: draft — pending reviewer (Dr. Colin Reily). Directions are auto-parsed from author statements; values are copied exactly as printed, never converted or estimated.
Forms with measured values
| Form | Studies | Values | Absorption evidence grade | Species |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascorbic acid (plain) | 37 | 277 | A: well characterized in people. Forms: 5+ human studies, 100+ participants, randomized/crossover designs, consistent values. Comparisons: agreeing head-to-head and matched single-form evidence with clear separation. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. 13 human studies, total n=111, 11 randomized/crossover; consistency not evaluable (no matched set with ≥2 studies) | Human×19Rodent×11Other animal×7 |
| Sodium ascorbate | 3 | 9 | D: animal or lab data only, or conflicting comparisons. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. animal/in vitro data only | Other animal×2Human×1 |
| Calcium ascorbate / Ester-C | 4 | 17 | C: limited or conflicting human data: 1–2 studies, head-to-head and single-form evidence disagree, or baseline correction not reported. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. 2 human studies, total n=44, 2 randomized/crossover; consistency not evaluable (no matched set with ≥2 studies) | Human×2Rodent×1Other animal×1 |
| Liposomal vitamin C | 4 | 17 | C: limited or conflicting human data: 1–2 studies, head-to-head and single-form evidence disagree, or baseline correction not reported. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. 2 human studies, total n=41, 2 randomized/crossover; consistency not evaluable (no matched set with ≥2 studies) | Human×3Rodent×1 |
| Slow-release vitamin C | 2 | 14 | B: solid human data. Forms: 3+ human studies. Comparisons: one randomized head-to-head, or matched single-form evidence from 2+ studies per form. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. 2 human studies, total n=19, 1 randomized/crossover; median CV 5.5% across 1 matched set(s) (consistent) | Human×2 |
| From food (kiwifruit, juice) | 6 | 30 | B: solid human data. Forms: 3+ human studies. Comparisons: one randomized head-to-head, or matched single-form evidence from 2+ studies per form. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. 5 human studies, total n=24, 2 randomized/crossover; consistency not evaluable (no matched set with ≥2 studies) | Human×6 |
Single-form studies count as evidence for that form. Form tags are keyword-matched from arm descriptions and need reviewer confirmation.
Head-to-head comparisons
B: solid human data. Forms: 3+ human studies. Comparisons: one randomized head-to-head, or matched single-form evidence from 2+ studies per form. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off.Liposomal vitamin C vs Ascorbic acid (plain)combined head-to-head + matched single-form grade
head-to-head only; no matched single-form separation. H2H: B (1 human studies (1 randomized/crossover); majority: first form higher (1 agree, 0 contradict)); indirect: none
| Study | Comparison | Parameter | Author-stated result | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human PMID 39237620 | LV vs VC | Plasma Cmax | LV > VC (+27%); Cohen's d 4.9; post hoc t-test, Bonferroni | <0.001 |
| Human PMID 39237620 | LV vs VC | Plasma AUC0-24h | LV > VC (+21%); Cohen's d 2.8 | <0.001 |
| Human PMID 39237620 | LV vs VC | Leukocyte Cmax | LV > VC (+20%); Cohen's d 6.2 | <0.001 |
| Human PMID 39237620 | LV vs VC | Leukocyte AUC0-24h | LV > VC (+8%); Cohen's d 1.6 | <0.001 |
D: animal or lab data only, or conflicting comparisons. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off.Calcium ascorbate / Ester-C vs Ascorbic acid (plain)combined head-to-head + matched single-form grade
head-to-head only; no matched single-form separation. H2H: D (no human head-to-head; 1 non-human studies); indirect: none
| Study | Comparison | Parameter | Author-stated result | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodent PMID 29302210 | CaAA vs AA | AUC0-24h | calcium ascorbate > ascorbic acid (1.5-fold) “AUC0-24h values of calcium ascorbate were greater than ascorbic acid with significant difference (p<0.05)” (Table 2; Discussion p.41) | <0.05 |
| Rodent PMID 29302210 | CaAA vs AA | AUCinf | calcium ascorbate > ascorbic acid (2.8-fold) “the AUCinf values were not significantly different in those two groups” (Discussion p.41) | no |
| Rodent PMID 29302210 | CaAA vs AA | plasma concentration 0.5-24 h | calcium ascorbate > ascorbic acid “significantly higher plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid than dosing of ascorbic acid, at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h” (Results p.40, Fig. 5) | NR |
A: well characterized in people. Forms: 5+ human studies, 100+ participants, randomized/crossover designs, consistent values. Comparisons: agreeing head-to-head and matched single-form evidence with clear separation. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off.From food (kiwifruit, juice) vs Ascorbic acid (plain)combined head-to-head + matched single-form grade
head-to-head only; no matched single-form separation. H2H: A (3 human studies (2 randomized/crossover); majority: no significant difference (3 agree, 0 contradict)); indirect: C (1 separated matched set(s), ≥1 studies per form)
| Study | Comparison | Parameter | Author-stated result | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human PMID 21535602 | FB vs OJ | AA response (RM-ANOVA pairwise, change from baseline) | FB > OJ “AA response to the fortified beverage was significantly different than that to either OJ or 1% fat milk (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001” (Results, Ascorbic acid para 1) | 0.02 |
| Human PMID 21535602 | FB vs OJ | AA AUC | FB > OJ “AUC for the fortified beverage was significantly different from the AUC for OJ (P < 0.001)” (Results, Ascorbic acid para 4) | <0.001 |
| Human PMID 21535602 | FB vs OJ | AA bioavailability (AUC / beverage AA content) | no difference “found no statistical difference between these 2 conditions” (Results, Ascorbic acid para 5; Table 2) | no |
| Human PMID 21535602 | FB vs OJ | FA serum response | no difference “response to the fortified beverage was not significantly different than the response to OJ” (Results, Folic acid para 2) | no |
| Human PMID 21535602 | FB vs OJ | FA AUC | no difference “the AUC for the fortified beverage and OJ were not significantly different from each other” (Results, Folic acid p. H291-H292) | no |
| Human PMID 21535602 | FB vs OJ | FA bioavailability | no difference (FB mean higher) “The bioavailability of FA post ingestion of the fortified beverage was not significantly different than that post OJ ingestion.” (p. H292; Table 2) | no |
| Human PMID 24067392 | A (tablet) vs B (kiwifruit) | plasma ascorbate change | no difference “There were no significant differences between the two groups during this period or during the four week washout phase (Figure 2).” (Table 2) | 0.860 |
| Human PMID 24067392 | A vs B | urinary ascorbate | no difference | 0.503 |
| Human PMID 24067392 | A vs B | semen ascorbate | no difference | 0.676 |
| Human PMID 24067392 | A vs B | mononuclear cell ascorbate | no difference | 0.227 |
| Human PMID 24067392 | A vs B | neutrophil ascorbate | no difference | 0.798 |
| Human PMID 24067392 | A vs B | skeletal muscle ascorbate | no difference | 0.429 |
| Human PMID 24067392 | A vs B | vitamin C intake | no difference | 0.512 |
| Human PMID 24284610 | A (tablet) vs B (kiwifruit) | plasma AUC0-8h | no difference “Area under the ascorbate time-concentration curves also indicated no difference between the two interventions (Table 1).” (Table 1) | 0.483 |
| Human PMID 24284610 | A vs B | plasma time-concentration curve | no difference “No significant differences in the plasma time-concentration curves were observed between the two interventions (P = 0.645).” (Results 3.2; Fig. 2) | 0.645 |
| Human PMID 24284610 | A vs B | total increase in plasma ascorbate (mg) | no difference | 0.496 |
| Human PMID 24284610 | A vs B | urinary AUC0-8h | kiwifruit > tablet | 0.004 |
| Human PMID 24284610 | A vs B | total urinary ascorbate (mg) | kiwifruit > tablet | 0.033 |
| Human PMID 24284610 | A vs B | urinary ascorbate time-course | kiwifruit > tablet “enhanced ascorbate excretion observed in the kiwifruit group (P = 0.016, Figure 3)” (Results 3.3; Fig. 3) | 0.016 |
Not graded: no comparable evidence yet. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off.Slow-release vitamin C vs Ascorbic acid (plain)combined head-to-head + matched single-form grade
no comparable evidence. H2H: none (no direct comparison in extracted data); indirect: none
Cmax, Tmax and AUC by study arm (908 values)
| Study | Arm / form | Dose | Fed | n | Analyte | Param | Value | Units | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human 11738270 | intravenous ascorbic acid | 50 mg/kg (NR) | regular diet | 7 | vitamin C (plasma) | AUC | 36.4 ± 11.3 (SD) | mg h/dl | Results p.55 |
| Human 11738270 | intravenous ascorbic acid | 50 mg/kg (NR) | regular diet | 7 | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax | 17.1 ± 7.1 (SD) | mg/dl | Results p.55 |
| Human 11738270 | intravenous ascorbic acid | 50 mg/kg (NR) | regular diet | 7 | vitamin C (plasma) | Tmax | 0.64 ± 0.24 (SD) | h | Results p.55 quote mismatch, check |
| Human 12840179 | high-pressurized (HP) orange juice (400 MPa, 40 C, 1 min), freshly squeezed Navel Late oranges | 500 mL/day (stated as 250 mg vitamin C) (active compound) | fasted >=12 h on d 1 | 6 | plasma vitamin C (ascorbate) (plasma) | Tmax time of maximum plasma vitamin C after single 500 mL dose | 3 | h | Results p.2206; Abstract |
| Human 12840179 | high-pressurized (HP) orange juice (400 MPa, 40 C, 1 min) | 500 mL/day (stated as 250 mg vitamin C) (active compound) | fasted >=12 h on d 1 | 6 | plasma vitamin C (ascorbate) (plasma) | Tmax time of maximum plasma vitamin C after single 500 mL dose | 3 | h | Results p.2206; Abstract |
| Human 15068981 | vitamin C | 1.25 g (NR) | fasting | 12 | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax peak plasma conc, measured, at steady state for dose | 134.8 ± 20.6 (SD) | µmol/L | Abstract |
| Human 15068981 | vitamin C intravenous | 1.25 g (NR) | NR | 12 | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax peak plasma conc, measured, at steady state for dose | 885 ± 201.2 (SD) | µmol/L | Abstract |
| Human 15068981 | vitamin C oral (simulated) | 3 g (NR) | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax model-predicted peak (3-compartment model) | 206 | µmol/L | Results p.2 para 2; Figure 2 | ||
| Human 15068981 | vitamin C oral (simulated) | 1.25 g (NR) | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax model-predicted peak (3-compartment model) | 187 | µmol/L | Results p.2 para 2 | ||
| Human 15068981 | vitamin C oral (simulated) | 0.2 g (NR) | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax model-predicted peak (3-compartment model) | approximately 90 | µmol/L | Results p.2 para 2 | ||
| Human 15068981 | vitamin C oral (simulated) | 3 g (NR) | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax model-predicted peak, repeated dosing every 4 h | approximately 220 | µmol/L | Results p.2 para 2; Abstract | ||
| Human 15068981 | vitamin C IV (simulated) | 3 g (NR) | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax model-predicted peak (3-compartment model) | 1760 | µmol/L | Results p.2 para 2; Figure 2 (bottom) | ||
| Human 15068981 | vitamin C IV (simulated) | 5 g (NR) | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax model-predicted peak (3-compartment model) | 2870 | µmol/L | Results p.2 para 2; Figure 2 (bottom) | ||
| Human 15068981 | vitamin C IV (simulated) | 10 g (NR) | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax model-predicted peak (3-compartment model) | 5580 | µmol/L | Results p.2 para 2; Figure 2 (bottom) | ||
| Human 15068981 | vitamin C IV (simulated) | 50 g (NR) | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax model-predicted peak (3-compartment model) | 13 350 | µmol/L | Results p.2 para 2; Figure 2 (bottom) | ||
| Human 15068981 | vitamin C IV (simulated) | 100 g (NR) | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax model-predicted peak (3-compartment model) | 15 380 | µmol/L | Results p.2 para 2; Figure 2 (bottom) | ||
| Human 15137921 | (NR) | 8 | 13C-ascorbate (tracer) (plasma) | Cmax paired t test, 7 df | P=0.7 | Results p.5 para 3 | |||
| Human 15137921 | (NR) | 7 | 13C-ascorbate (tracer) (plasma) | Cmax paired t test, 6 df | P=0.15 | Results p.5 para 3 | |||
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg plain release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (100 mg) (Ferrosan A/S) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | PK day: overnight fasted baseline, then supplement; diet with negligible ascorbic acid during sampling | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | Tmax study start | 4.0 ± 2.7 (SD) | h | Table 3 |
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg slow release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (CellaVie) (Ferrosan A/S (CellaVie)) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | same as PR | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | Tmax study start | 5.0 ± 2.5 (SD) | h | Table 3 |
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg plain release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (100 mg) (Ferrosan A/S) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | PK day: overnight fasted baseline, then supplement; diet with negligible ascorbic acid during sampling | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | AUC study start, AUC0-last (0 to last observation, 12 h) | 761 ± 255 (SD) | h µmol/l | Table 3 |
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg slow release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (CellaVie) (Ferrosan A/S (CellaVie)) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | same as PR | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | AUC study start, AUC0-last (0 to last observation, 12 h) | 755 ± 200 (SD) | h µmol/l | Table 3 |
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg plain release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (100 mg) (Ferrosan A/S) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | PK day: overnight fasted baseline, then supplement; diet with negligible ascorbic acid during sampling | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | Cmax study start | 74.2 ± 24.3 (SD) | µmol/l | Table 3 |
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg slow release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (CellaVie) (Ferrosan A/S (CellaVie)) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | same as PR | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | Cmax study start | 70.2 ± 18.3 (SD) | µmol/l | Table 3 |
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg plain release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (100 mg) (Ferrosan A/S) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | PK day: overnight fasted baseline, then supplement; diet with negligible ascorbic acid during sampling | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | Tmax after 4 weeks of supplementation | 2.1 ± 0.6 (SD) | h | Table 3 |
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg slow release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (CellaVie) (Ferrosan A/S (CellaVie)) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | same as PR | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | Tmax after 4 weeks of supplementation | 2.4 ± 1.6 (SD) | h | Table 3 |
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg plain release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (100 mg) (Ferrosan A/S) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | PK day: overnight fasted baseline, then supplement; diet with negligible ascorbic acid during sampling | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | AUC after 4 weeks, AUC0-last | 1012 ± 193 (SD) | h µmol/l | Table 3 |
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg slow release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (CellaVie) (Ferrosan A/S (CellaVie)) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | same as PR | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | AUC after 4 weeks, AUC0-last | 1010 ± 147 (SD) | h µmol/l | Table 3 |
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg plain release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (100 mg) (Ferrosan A/S) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | PK day: overnight fasted baseline, then supplement; diet with negligible ascorbic acid during sampling | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | Cmax after 4 weeks of supplementation | 96.9 ± 18.4 (SD) | µmol/l | Table 3 |
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg slow release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (CellaVie) (Ferrosan A/S (CellaVie)) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | same as PR | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | Cmax after 4 weeks of supplementation | 91.6 ± 13.6 (SD) | µmol/l | Table 3 |
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg plain release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (100 mg) (Ferrosan A/S) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | PK day: overnight fasted baseline, then supplement; diet with negligible ascorbic acid during sampling | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | Cmax text-stated 4-week plasma concentration labelled Cmax | 76.9 ± 17.3 (SD) | µmol/l | Results p.1045 |
| Human 15380894 | tablet: 250 mg slow release ascorbic acid + 91 mg plain release d-α-tocopheryl acetate (CellaVie) (Ferrosan A/S (CellaVie)) | 250 (analysed content 267 mg ascorbic acid) mg ascorbic acid per tablet (active compound) | same as PR | 19 | total ascorbic acid (plasma) | Cmax text-stated 4-week plasma concentration labelled Cmax | 82.4 ± 14.6 (SD) | µmol/l | Results p.1045 |
| Human 15542351 | PEF-treated orange juice (Navel Late oranges; 35 kV/cm, 800 Hz, 4 µs pulse, 750 µs total, ≤50 °C) | 500 mL/day (about 185 mg vitamin C/day; 36.1 mg per 100 mL) (active compound) | NR for day 1 dosing; habitual diets continued | 6 | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax maximum plasma concentration after single 500 mL dose (3-4 h) | 66.1 ± 3.6 (SEM) | µmol/L | Results p.603 |
| Human 15542351 | freshly squeezed orange juice, filtered with 2 mm sieve | 500 mL/day (about 185 mg vitamin C/day; 38.1 mg per 100 mL) (active compound) | NR | 6 | vitamin C (plasma) | Cmax maximum plasma concentration after single 500 mL dose (3-4 h) | 68.9 ± 6.8 (SEM) | µmol/L | Results p.603 |
| Human 15767232 | indinavir | 800 mg every 8 h (active compound) | fasted | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | Cmax steady state, 800 mg q8h | 10.3 ± 1.5 (SD) | µg/ml | Table 2 |
| Human 15767232 | vitamin C (ascorbic acid, form NR) + indinavir | 1000 mg/day vitamin C for 7 days; indinavir 800 mg q8h (NR) | fasted for indinavir | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | Cmax steady state, 800 mg q8h | 8.2 ± 2.9 (SD) | µg/ml | Table 2 |
| Human 15767232 | indinavir (plasma) | Cmax steady state, 800 mg q8h; geometric mean ratio test/reference (with vitamin C / alone) | 0.77 | ratio | Table 2 | ||||
| Human 15767232 | indinavir | 800 mg every 8 h (active compound) | fasted | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | Tmax steady state, 800 mg q8h | 1.1 ± 0.2 (SD) | hrs | Table 2 |
| Human 15767232 | vitamin C (ascorbic acid, form NR) + indinavir | 1000 mg/day vitamin C for 7 days; indinavir 800 mg q8h (NR) | fasted for indinavir | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | Tmax steady state, 800 mg q8h | 1.0 ± 0.0 (SD) | hrs | Table 2 |
| Human 15767232 | indinavir | 800 mg every 8 h (active compound) | fasted | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC AUC0-8; steady state, 800 mg q8h | 26.4 ± 7.2 (SD) | µg•hr/ml | Table 2 |
| Human 15767232 | vitamin C (ascorbic acid, form NR) + indinavir | 1000 mg/day vitamin C for 7 days; indinavir 800 mg q8h (NR) | fasted for indinavir | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC AUC0-8; steady state, 800 mg q8h | 22.7 ± 8.1 (SD) | µg•hr/ml | Table 2 |
| Human 15767232 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC AUC0-8; steady state, 800 mg q8h; geometric mean ratio test/reference (with vitamin C / alone) | 0.85 | ratio | Table 2 | ||||
| Human 15767232 | indinavir | 800 mg every 8 h (active compound) | fasted | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC AUC0-5; steady state, 800 mg q8h | 24.3 ± 6.0 (SD) | µg•hr/ml | Table 2 |
| Human 15767232 | vitamin C (ascorbic acid, form NR) + indinavir | 1000 mg/day vitamin C for 7 days; indinavir 800 mg q8h (NR) | fasted for indinavir | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC AUC0-5; steady state, 800 mg q8h | 21.2 ± 7.5 (SD) | µg•hr/ml | Table 2 |
| Human 15767232 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC AUC0-5; steady state, 800 mg q8h; geometric mean ratio test/reference (with vitamin C / alone) | 0.86 | ratio | Table 2 | ||||
| Human 15767232 | indinavir | 800 mg every 8 h (active compound) | fasted | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC AUC0-5; text value | 24.3 ± 6.0 (SD) | µg•hr/ml | Results p.3 (p.167) |
| Human 15767232 | vitamin C (ascorbic acid, form NR) + indinavir | 1000 mg/day vitamin C for 7 days; indinavir 800 mg q8h (NR) | fasted for indinavir | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC AUC0-5; text value (Table 2 prints 7.5) | 21.2 ± 7.51 (SD) | µg•hr/ml | Results p.3 (p.167) |
| Human 15767232 | vitamin C (ascorbic acid, form NR) + indinavir | 1000 mg/day vitamin C for 7 days; indinavir 800 mg q8h (NR) | fasted for indinavir | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | Cmax steady-state, percent reduction as printed | 20 | % | Abstract; Results p.3 |
| Human 15767232 | vitamin C (ascorbic acid, form NR) + indinavir | 1000 mg/day vitamin C for 7 days; indinavir 800 mg q8h (NR) | fasted for indinavir | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC AUC0-8, percent reduction as printed | 14 | % | Abstract; Results p.3 |
| Human 15767232 | vitamin C (ascorbic acid, form NR) + indinavir | 1000 mg/day vitamin C for 7 days; indinavir 800 mg q8h (NR) | fasted for indinavir | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC AUC0-5, percent reduction as printed | 13 | % | Results p.3 |
| Human 15767232 | indinavir | 800 mg every 8 h (active compound) | fasted | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | Cmax subject 1 (M) | 9.72 | µg/ml | Table 1 |
| Human 15767232 | vitamin C (ascorbic acid, form NR) + indinavir | 1000 mg/day vitamin C for 7 days; indinavir 800 mg q8h (NR) | fasted for indinavir | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | Cmax subject 1 (M) | 7.75 | µg/ml | Table 1 |
| Human 15767232 | indinavir | 800 mg every 8 h (active compound) | fasted | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC subject 1 (M); AUC0-5 | 16.25 | µg•hr/ml | Table 1 |
| Human 15767232 | vitamin C (ascorbic acid, form NR) + indinavir | 1000 mg/day vitamin C for 7 days; indinavir 800 mg q8h (NR) | fasted for indinavir | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC subject 1 (M); AUC0-5 | 14.86 | µg•hr/ml | Table 1 |
| Human 15767232 | indinavir | 800 mg every 8 h (active compound) | fasted | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC subject 1 (M); AUC0-8 | 16.82 | µg•hr/ml | Table 1 |
| Human 15767232 | vitamin C (ascorbic acid, form NR) + indinavir | 1000 mg/day vitamin C for 7 days; indinavir 800 mg q8h (NR) | fasted for indinavir | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC subject 1 (M); AUC0-8 | 15.53 | µg•hr/ml | Table 1 |
| Human 15767232 | indinavir | 800 mg every 8 h (active compound) | fasted | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | Cmax subject 2 (M) | 11.29 | µg/ml | Table 1 |
| Human 15767232 | vitamin C (ascorbic acid, form NR) + indinavir | 1000 mg/day vitamin C for 7 days; indinavir 800 mg q8h (NR) | fasted for indinavir | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | Cmax subject 2 (M) | 7.88 | µg/ml | Table 1 |
| Human 15767232 | indinavir | 800 mg every 8 h (active compound) | fasted | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC subject 2 (M); AUC0-5 | 31.02 | µg•hr/ml | Table 1 |
| Human 15767232 | vitamin C (ascorbic acid, form NR) + indinavir | 1000 mg/day vitamin C for 7 days; indinavir 800 mg q8h (NR) | fasted for indinavir | 7 | indinavir (plasma) | AUC subject 2 (M); AUC0-5 | 24.53 | µg•hr/ml | Table 1 |
Showing 60 of 908 Cmax/Tmax/AUC values (human first). All 1122 values are in /api/supplements/vitamin-c.
References for this section (12)
- Human Hong SY, Hwang KY, Lee EY, Eun SW, Cho SR, Han CS, Park YH, Chang SK. Effect of vitamin C on plasma total antioxidant status in patients with paraquat intoxication. Toxicology letters. 2002;126(1):51-9. PMID 11738270. doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00431-3 PubMed · DOI · other (4 experiments: baseline survey, in vitro spiking, single-dose IV PK, non-randomized escalating-dose patient series), n=56 healthy / 7 PK / 10 patients
- Human Sánchez-Moreno C, Cano MP, de Ancos B, Plaza L, Olmedilla B, Granado F, Martín A. High-pressurized orange juice consumption affects plasma vitamin C, antioxidative status and inflammatory markers in healthy humans. The Journal of nutrition. 2003;133(7):2204-9. PMID 12840179. doi:10.1093/jn/133.7.2204 PubMed · DOI · single-arm, n=12
- Human Padayatty SJ, Sun H, Wang Y, Riordan HD, Hewitt SM, Katz A, Wesley RA, Levine M. Vitamin C pharmacokinetics: implications for oral and intravenous use. Annals of internal medicine. 2004;140(7):533-7. PMID 15068981. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00010 PubMed · DOI · other (depletion-repletion inpatient dose-concentration study, oral vs IV, plus PK modeling), n=17
- Human Bates CJ, Jones KS, Bluck LJ. Stable isotope-labelled vitamin C as a probe for vitamin C absorption by human subjects. The British journal of nutrition. 2004;91(5):699-705. PMID 15137921. doi:10.1079/BJN20041103 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover, n=15 (abstract); Table 1 sums to 16
- Human Viscovich M, Lykkesfeldt J, Poulsen HE. Vitamin C pharmacokinetics of plain and slow release formulations in smokers. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2004;23(5):1043-50. PMID 15380894. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2004.01.007 PubMed · DOI · RCT (single-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled; parallel groups with PK at study start and after 4 weeks), n=48 completed second visit; Table 1 n=19+19+10
- Human Sánchez-Moreno C, Cano MP, de Ancos B, Plaza L, Olmedilla B, Granado F, Elez-Martínez P, Martín-Belloso O, Martín A. Pulsed electric fields-processed orange juice consumption increases plasma vitamin C and decreases F2-isoprostanes in healthy humans. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2004;15(10):601-7. PMID 15542351. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.04.007 PubMed · DOI · parallel (two groups of 6, single-dose then 2-week multiple dose), n=12
- Human Slain D, Amsden JR, Khakoo RA, Fisher MA, Lalka D, Hobbs GR. Effect of high-dose vitamin C on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of the protease inhibitor indinavir in healthy volunteers. Pharmacotherapy. 2005;25(2):165-70. PMID 15767232. doi:10.1592/phco.25.2.165.56945 PubMed · DOI · open-label, prospective, longitudinal two-period time series (fixed order, not crossover), n=7 completed (9 consented)
- Human Purpura M, Jäger R, Godavarthi A, Bhaskarachar D, Tinsley GM. Liposomal delivery enhances absorption of vitamin C into plasma and leukocytes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. European journal of nutrition. 2024;63(8):3037-3046. PMID 39237620. doi:10.1007/s00394-024-03487-8 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover, n=27
- Rodent Lee JK, Jung SH, Lee SE, Han JH, Jo E, Park HS, Heo KS, Kim D, Park JS, Myung CS. Alleviation of ascorbic acid-induced gastric high acidity by calcium ascorbate in vitro and in vivo. The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology. 2018;22(1):35-42. PMID 29302210. doi:10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.1.35 PubMed · DOI · parallel
- Human Carter B, Monsivais P, Drewnowski A. Absorption of folic acid and ascorbic acid from nutrient comparable beverages. Journal of food science. 2010;75(9):H289-93. PMID 21535602. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01844.x PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover (within-subject, Latin square), n=12
- Human Carr AC, Bozonet SM, Pullar JM, Simcock JW, Vissers MC. A randomized steady-state bioavailability study of synthetic versus natural (kiwifruit-derived) vitamin C. Nutrients. 2013;5(9):3684-95. PMID 24067392. doi:10.3390/nu5093684 PubMed · DOI · RCT (parallel arms), n=36 randomized (134 screened)
- Human Carr AC, Bozonet SM, Vissers MC. A randomised cross-over pharmacokinetic bioavailability study of synthetic versus kiwifruit-derived vitamin C. Nutrients. 2013;5(11):4451-61. PMID 24284610. doi:10.3390/nu5114451 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover, n=9 enrolled
Indirect comparisons (across studies)
Each form's values come from different human studies that tested one form only. Rows are compared only when parameter, analyte, matrix, fed/fasted state, single vs repeated dosing, AUC interval and units all match, and baseline correction matches where reported (a value with baseline correction not reported is labeled and capped at grade D). Serum and plasma are treated as the same matrix. Ranges are the lowest and highest printed values; nothing is averaged or pooled. Conditions a paper does not state are recorded as NR and never matched.
Indirect comparison: weighs less than head-to-head evidence; comparisons using values with baseline correction not reported are capped at C. The combined grade for named pairs is shown in the head-to-head section. draft — pending reviewer (Dr. Colin Reily).
Indirect comparisonAscorbic acid (plain) vs From food (kiwifruit, juice)D: animal or lab data only, or conflicting comparisons. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off.Head-to-head grade: A (takes precedence)
non-overlapping ranges but <2 studies per form (single-study ranges). Head-to-head evidence exists and takes precedence over this indirect comparison.
| Matched conditions | Ascorbic acid (plain): range (studies, n) | From food (kiwifruit, juice): range (studies, n) | Ranges | PMIDs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Cmax, vitamin c, serum/plasma, fed, single dose, baseline-corrected: no values as printed (doses not normalized) | 118 µmol/l 1 study, n=8 118 @ 1250 mg (PMID 9868185) | 66.1 µmol/l 1 study, n=6 66.1 @ 500 mL/day (about 185 mg vitamin C/day; 36.1 mg per 100 mL) (PMID 15542351) | do not overlap; Ascorbic acid (plain) higher | 155423519868185 |
Pairs that cannot be compared indirectly yet
- Ascorbic acid (plain) vs Calcium ascorbate / Ester-C: no matched condition set: arms differ on baseline-corrected
- Ascorbic acid (plain) vs Liposomal vitamin C: matched only within the same study
- Ascorbic acid (plain) vs Slow-release vitamin C: all arms come from the same studies (head-to-head only, see above)
- Calcium ascorbate / Ester-C vs Liposomal vitamin C: matched only within the same study
- Calcium ascorbate / Ester-C vs Slow-release vitamin C: no matched condition set: arms differ on analyte
- Calcium ascorbate / Ester-C vs From food (kiwifruit, juice): no matched condition set: arms differ on baseline-corrected
- Liposomal vitamin C vs Slow-release vitamin C: no matched condition set: arms differ on analyte
- Liposomal vitamin C vs From food (kiwifruit, juice): no matched condition set: arms differ on AUC interval
- Slow-release vitamin C vs From food (kiwifruit, juice): no matched condition set: arms differ on analyte
How this table was built
Indirect (cross-study) PK comparisons from bundle_v2 single-form human arms. Values are copied as printed. Matching key: parameter, analyte, matrix, fed/fasted, single vs repeated, AUC interval (from parameter_detail), baseline correction, units (exact). No pooling/averaging: per-form ranges are min–max of printed values. Analyte for minerals/B12 is classed as total element vs isotope/radiotracer; units compared after removing spaces/separators only; IV arms excluded; serum and plasma treated as the same matrix; curated magnesium v1 rows (mapped from stated conditions only, NR otherwise, deduped against the bundle) are included; baseline correction NR is treated as unknown (may match corrected or uncorrected sets; labeled and capped at C); for % absorption endpoints an unreported baseline correction is treated as not applicable. Normalization: value / elemental dose (mg) ONLY when dose_basis is 'elemental', dose unit is mg, single dose, baseline-corrected=yes, parameter Cmax/AUC. Grade capped at C. Run after merge_bundle.py.
Evidence grades
Rubric v2: single-form human studies count. Hover or focus a grade for what it means; see the methodology. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off.
| Question | Grade & basis | Species |
|---|---|---|
| Page grade (best of the grades below) | A: well characterized in people. Forms: 5+ human studies, 100+ participants, randomized/crossover designs, consistent values. Comparisons: agreeing head-to-head and matched single-form evidence with clear separation. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. | rubric v2, draft |
| Ascorbic acid (plain): absorption evidence | A: well characterized in people. Forms: 5+ human studies, 100+ participants, randomized/crossover designs, consistent values. Comparisons: agreeing head-to-head and matched single-form evidence with clear separation. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. 13 human studies, total n=111, 11 randomized/crossover; consistency not evaluable (no matched set with ≥2 studies) | human |
| Sodium ascorbate: absorption evidence | D: animal or lab data only, or conflicting comparisons. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. animal/in vitro data only | human |
| Calcium ascorbate / Ester-C: absorption evidence | C: limited or conflicting human data: 1–2 studies, head-to-head and single-form evidence disagree, or baseline correction not reported. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. 2 human studies, total n=44, 2 randomized/crossover; consistency not evaluable (no matched set with ≥2 studies) | human |
| Liposomal vitamin C: absorption evidence | C: limited or conflicting human data: 1–2 studies, head-to-head and single-form evidence disagree, or baseline correction not reported. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. 2 human studies, total n=41, 2 randomized/crossover; consistency not evaluable (no matched set with ≥2 studies) | human |
| Slow-release vitamin C: absorption evidence | B: solid human data. Forms: 3+ human studies. Comparisons: one randomized head-to-head, or matched single-form evidence from 2+ studies per form. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. 2 human studies, total n=19, 1 randomized/crossover; median CV 5.5% across 1 matched set(s) (consistent) | human |
| From food (kiwifruit, juice): absorption evidence | B: solid human data. Forms: 3+ human studies. Comparisons: one randomized head-to-head, or matched single-form evidence from 2+ studies per form. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. 5 human studies, total n=24, 2 randomized/crossover; consistency not evaluable (no matched set with ≥2 studies) | human |
| Liposomal vitamin C vs Ascorbic acid (plain) | B: solid human data. Forms: 3+ human studies. Comparisons: one randomized head-to-head, or matched single-form evidence from 2+ studies per form. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. head-to-head only; no matched single-form separation. H2H: B (1 human studies (1 randomized/crossover); majority: first form higher (1 agree, 0 contradict)); indirect: none | human (head-to-head + matched single-form) |
| Calcium ascorbate / Ester-C vs Ascorbic acid (plain) | D: animal or lab data only, or conflicting comparisons. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. head-to-head only; no matched single-form separation. H2H: D (no human head-to-head; 1 non-human studies); indirect: none | human (head-to-head + matched single-form) |
| From food (kiwifruit, juice) vs Ascorbic acid (plain) | A: well characterized in people. Forms: 5+ human studies, 100+ participants, randomized/crossover designs, consistent values. Comparisons: agreeing head-to-head and matched single-form evidence with clear separation. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off. head-to-head only; no matched single-form separation. H2H: A (3 human studies (2 randomized/crossover); majority: no significant difference (3 agree, 0 contradict)); indirect: C (1 separated matched set(s), ≥1 studies per form) | human (head-to-head + matched single-form) |
| With food (abstract screen) | B: solid human data. Forms: 3+ human studies. Comparisons: one randomized head-to-head, or matched single-form evidence from 2+ studies per form. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off.human + animal datahow we grade 7 human randomized/crossover studies; A-eligible only once the reviewer confirms they agree (capped at B until then). Auto-computed draft grade — pending reviewer review. | 15 human, 3 rodent, 2 other animal, 2 in vitro |
| Best time (abstract screen) | Not graded: no comparable evidence yet. All grades are drafts pending reviewer sign-off.no datahow we grade No relevant studies in the database for this question. | no studies |
Studies (164)
Sorted human → primate → pig → rodent → other animal → in vitro. Quotes are verbatim from the abstract or free full text. Paywalled papers: abstract only.
Show all 164 studies and quotes
- HumanPopulation Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Vitamin C in Adults with Sepsis: A Sub-study of the LOVIT Trial.Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2026 · Design: other (population PK sub-study of a randomized placebo-controlled trial; only vitamin C arm sampled) · n: 161 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 42329551DOI 10.1007/s40262-026-01648-yVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanFractionated high-dose vitamin c sustains higher plasma trough concentrations in advanced solid tumors: a phase I clinical study.Translational oncology, 2026 · Design: open-label (single-center phase I, sequential cohorts) · n: 18 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 42378816DOI 10.1016/j.tranon.2026.102834 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanComparative Bioavailability of Vitamin C After Short-Term Consumption of Raw Fruits and Vegetables and Their Juices: A Randomized Crossover Study.Nutrients, 2025 · Design: randomized crossover · n: 12 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 41228404DOI 10.3390/nu17213331 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanLiposomal delivery enhances absorption of vitamin C into plasma and leukocytes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.European journal of nutrition, 2024 · Design: randomized crossover · n: 27 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 39237620DOI 10.1007/s00394-024-03487-8 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending8 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanEffects of l-Arginine Plus Vitamin C Supplementation on l-Arginine Metabolism in Adults with Long COVID: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.International journal of molecular sciences, 2023 · Design: RCT (secondary analysis; placebo-controlled, parallel; NCT04947488) · n: 57 analysed in this report (46 long COVID + 11 controls) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 36982151DOI 10.3390/ijms24065078 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanEffects of acute strawberry consumption on serum levels of vitamin C and folic acid, the antioxidant potential of LDL and blood glucose response: a randomised cross-over controlled trial.Journal of nutritional science, 2023 · Design: randomized crossover (placebo-controlled, double-blind) · n: 23 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 37008410DOI 10.1017/jns.2022.117 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanA pilot study on the effect of formulation and individual muscle mass on vitamin C absorption in randomized clinical study.Journal of food science, 2022 · Design: randomized, double-blind, 3-treatment crossover pilot; 2-week washout · n: 22 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 35534091DOI 10.1111/1750-3841.16169Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanAbnormal urinary loss of vitamin C in diabetes: prevalence and clinical characteristics of a vitamin C renal leak.The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2022 · Design: Nonrandomized interventional depletion-repletion study (renal threshold) and nonrandomized cross-sectional cohort study · n: 17 (depletion-repletion); 162 (cross-sectional) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 35537862DOI 10.1093/ajcn/nqac063 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanAscorbic acid can alleviate the degradation of levodopa and carbidopa induced by magnesium oxide.Brain and behavior, 2022 · Design: case study (single patient, two-condition) plus in vitro experiments · n: 1 patient · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 35712877DOI 10.1002/brb3.2672 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanPharmacokinetic Evaluation of Intravenous Vitamin C: A Classic Pharmacokinetic Study.Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2022 · Design: open-label, escalating-dose classic PK study (two parts) · n: 21 healthy; 12 oncology · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 35750958DOI 10.1007/s40262-022-01142-1 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Humanα-Tocopherol Pharmacokinetics in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: Benefits of Supplemental Vitamin C Administration.Nutrients, 2022 · Design: other (single-group, repeated measures before/after vitamin C; participants own controls) · n: 6 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 36145092DOI 10.3390/nu14183717 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending7 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanEffect of Diet and Supplementation on Serum Vitamin C Concentration and Antioxidant Activity in Dialysis Patients.Nutrients, 2022 · Design: other (non-randomized 5-group dietary/supplement intervention, 6 months) · n: 68 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 36615736DOI 10.3390/nu15010078 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending6 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanFiber-Reinforced-Phospholipid Vehicle-Based Delivery of l-Ascorbic Acid: Development, Characterization, ADMET Profiling, and Efficacy by a Randomized, Single-Dose, Crossover Oral Bioavailability Study.ACS omega, 2021 · Design: randomized crossover (two-treatment, two-sequence, two-period) · n: 8 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 33681596DOI 10.1021/acsomega.0c05963 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanSurface-engineered liposomal particles of calcium ascorbate with fenugreek galactomannan enhanced the oral bioavailability of ascorbic acid: a randomized, double-blinded, 3-sequence, crossover study.RSC advances, 2021 · Design: randomized, double-blinded, 3-sequence, 3-way crossover, single dose · n: 14 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 35498071DOI 10.1039/d1ra06483e (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending8 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanVitamin C Bioequivalence from Gummy and Caplet Sources in Healthy Adults: A Randomized-Controlled Trial.Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020 · Design: randomized crossover (examiner-blind, comparator-controlled, two sequences) · n: 35 enrolled/randomized; 30 completed (per-protocol) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 31747355DOI 10.1080/07315724.2019.1684398Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanErythrocyte Ascorbate Is a Potential Indicator of Steady-State Plasma Ascorbate Concentrations in Healthy Non-Fasting Individuals.Nutrients, 2020 · Design: other (two single-group studies: depletion-supplementation steady-state study and short-term PK study) · n: 7 (E1); 6 (E2) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 32041092DOI 10.3390/nu12020418 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanVitamin C Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Trial of Four IV Regimens.Chest, 2018 · Design: RCT (four-group randomized factorial PK trial, 2 x 2) · n: 20 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 29522710DOI 10.1016/j.chest.2018.02.025Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanThe safety and pharmacokinetics of high dose intravenous ascorbic acid synergy with modulated electrohyperthermia in Chinese patients with stage III-IV non-small cell lung cancer.European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017 · Design: randomized, single-blind, phase I, three-group dose-escalation (each patient received sole IVAA and combined IVAA+mEHT) · n: 35 preparative; 15 phase I · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 28847527DOI 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.011Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending7 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanHigh Dose Parenteral Ascorbate Inhibited Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis: Mechanisms and a Phase I/IIa study.Scientific reports, 2017 · Design: single-arm phase I/IIa, each patient own control (IVC alone, gemcitabine alone, then combined on same day) · n: 14 enrolled; 12 PK-evaluable · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 29215048DOI 10.1038/s41598-017-17568-8 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanPharmacokinetics and Plasma Cellular Antioxidative Effects of Flavanols After Oral Intake of Green Tea Formulated with Vitamin C and Xylitol in Healthy Subjects.Journal of medicinal food, 2016 · Design: randomized crossover (2-week washout; randomization not described in text) · n: 12 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 26854847DOI 10.1089/jmf.2015.3514Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending8 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanLiposomal-encapsulated Ascorbic Acid: Influence on Vitamin C Bioavailability and Capacity to Protect Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Nutrition and metabolic insights, 2016 · Design: randomized crossover (placebo-controlled, 4 randomly ordered visits) · n: 11 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 27375360DOI 10.4137/NMI.S39764 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending9 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanDetermination of plasma and leukocyte vitamin C concentrations in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Ester-C(®).SpringerPlus, 2016 · Design: randomized crossover (double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3 test periods) · n: 40 randomized; 30 per-protocol · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 27512620DOI 10.1186/s40064-016-2605-7 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending10 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanHigher Absorption of Vitamin C from Food than from Supplements by Breastfeeding Mothers at Early Stages of Lactation.International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2016 · Design: observational (cross-sectional / repeated milk sampling) · n: 42 women, 97 samples · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 29219785DOI 10.1024/0300-9831/a000436Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanElimination of ascorbic acid after high-dose infusion in prostate cancer patients: a pharmacokinetic evaluation.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2015 · Design: single-arm (dose-escalation within patient, 4 weekly infusions; sub-study of non-comparative phase II trial) · n: 10 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 25220574DOI 10.1111/bcpt.12323Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending6 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanHigh-dose intravenous vitamin C combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer: a phase I-II clinical trial.PloS one, 2015 · Design: single-arm (phase I-II, pre/post chemotherapy PK within patient) · n: 14 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 25848948DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0120228 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanEffect of systemic high dose vitamin C therapy on forearm blood flow reactivity during endotoxemia in healthy human subjects.Vascular pharmacology, 2014 · Design: randomized crossover (balanced, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3 treatment blocks, 2 trial days, washout at least 10 days) · n: 36 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 24512733DOI 10.1016/j.vph.2014.01.007Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanVitamin C supplementation modulates gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells specifically upon an inflammatory stimulus: a pilot study in healthy subjects.Genes & nutrition, 2014 · Design: single-arm · n: 5 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 24604612DOI 10.1007/s12263-014-0390-x (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanHuman skeletal muscle ascorbate is highly responsive to changes in vitamin C intake and plasma concentrations.The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2013 · Design: RCT (parallel-arm, randomized, 5-wk lead-in, 6-wk intervention, 4-wk washout) · n: 36 enrolled (35 analysed) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 23446899DOI 10.3945/ajcn.112.053207 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanPhase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of high-dose intravenous ascorbic acid in patients with advanced cancer.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 2013 · Design: open-label (phase I dose-escalation, non-comparative, single-centre) · n: 17 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 23670640DOI 10.1007/s00280-013-2179-9 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanClinical experience with intravenous administration of ascorbic acid: achievable levels in blood for different states of inflammation and disease in cancer patients.Journal of translational medicine, 2013 · Design: observational · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 23947403DOI 10.1186/1479-5876-11-191 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanA randomized steady-state bioavailability study of synthetic versus natural (kiwifruit-derived) vitamin C.Nutrients, 2013 · Design: RCT (parallel arms) · n: 36 randomized (134 screened) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 24067392DOI 10.3390/nu5093684 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanA randomised cross-over pharmacokinetic bioavailability study of synthetic versus kiwifruit-derived vitamin C.Nutrients, 2013 · Design: randomized crossover · n: 9 enrolled · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 24284610DOI 10.3390/nu5114451 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanBioavailability of vitamin C from mashed potatoes and potato chips after oral administration in healthy Japanese men.The British journal of nutrition, 2012 · Design: randomized crossover (4 food groups at 4-week intervals; randomization not explicitly stated) · n: 5 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 21917196DOI 10.1017/S0007114511003643Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending9 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanBioavailability of vitamin C from kiwifruit in non-smoking males: determination of 'healthy' and 'optimal' intakes.Journal of nutritional science, 2012 · Design: other (sequential dose-escalation, single group, with 4-week lead-in and 4-week washout) · n: 15 enrolled; 14 in baseline calculations; 4 withdrew before end of intervention and 3 did not complete washout · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 25191543DOI 10.1017/jns.2012.15 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending10 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanIncreased oral bioavailability of itraconazole and its active metabolite, 7-hydroxyitraconazole, when coadministered with a vitamin C beverage in healthy participants.Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2011 · Design: randomized crossover (open-label, 3-phase) · n: 12 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 20400647DOI 10.1177/0091270010365557Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending10 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanAbsorption and excretion of ascorbic acid alone and in acerola (Malpighia emarginata) juice: comparison in healthy Japanese subjects.Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2011 · Design: randomized crossover (randomization not stated; crossover with 14 d or longer intervals; acerola juice arm done in a second study with same and additional volunteers) · n: 5 (dose-response, Fig. 1 legend); 6 (acerola comparison, Fig. 3 legend) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 22040889DOI 10.1248/bpb.34.1744Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending7 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanAbsorption of folic acid and ascorbic acid from nutrient comparable beverages.Journal of food science, 2010 · Design: randomized crossover (within-subject, Latin square) · n: 12 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 21535602DOI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01844.xVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending10 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanBioavailability of 2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid as ascorbic acid in healthy humans.Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2009 · Design: open-label crossover (sequential, at least 1 wk apart) · n: 8 humans, 6 rats · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 19230615DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2008.11.031Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanVitamin C transporter gene polymorphisms, dietary vitamin C and serum ascorbic acid.Journal of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, 2009 · Design: observational (cross-sectional) · n: 1,046 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 20588054DOI 10.1159/000314597Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanL-ascorbic acid improves the serum folate response to an oral dose of [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in healthy men.European journal of clinical nutrition, 2008 · Design: randomized crossover · n: 9 (20 recruited) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 17622258DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602840Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending9 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanVitamin C pharmacokinetics after continuous infusion in a patient with prostate cancer.The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2007 · Design: single-arm (mini-pilot, case report) · n: 1 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 17519294DOI 10.1345/aph.1H654Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending1 verbatim quote · view in JSON
- HumanMediterranean vegetable soup consumption increases plasma vitamin C and decreases F2-isoprostanes, prostaglandin E2 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in healthy humans.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2006 · Design: single-arm (dose-response day followed by 14-day multiple-dose intervention) · n: 12 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 16169205DOI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.07.001Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanEffect of high-dose vitamin C on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of the protease inhibitor indinavir in healthy volunteers.Pharmacotherapy, 2005 · Design: open-label, prospective, longitudinal two-period time series (fixed order, not crossover) · n: 7 completed (9 consented) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15767232DOI 10.1592/phco.25.2.165.56945Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanThe effects of vitamin C supplementation on serum concentrations of uric acid: results of a randomized controlled trial.Arthritis and rheumatism, 2005 · Design: RCT · n: 184 randomized (92 placebo, 92 vitamin C, analysis pooled across vitamin E/placebo arms of a 2x2 factorial trial) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15934094DOI 10.1002/art.21105Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanThe 'anomalous' absorption of labelled and unlabelled vitamin C in man.The British journal of nutrition, 2005 · Design: single-arm (two consecutive doses, labelled then unlabelled, 90 min apart) · n: 4 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15975161DOI 10.1079/bjn20051369Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanProton pump inhibitors reduce the bioavailability of dietary vitamin C.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2005 · Design: other (before/after study of omeprazole 40 mg/day for 28 days; H. pylori subgroups) · n: 30 recruited; 29 completed · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 16167970DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02568.xVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanLong-term vitamin C supplementation has no markedly favourable effect on serum lipids in middle-aged Japanese subjects.The British journal of nutrition, 2004 · Design: RCT · n: 305 (ITT); 244 per-protocol; 439 initially accepted · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 14748940DOI 10.1079/bjn20031024Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanShort-term and long-term vitamin C supplementation in humans dose-dependently increases the resistance of plasma to ex vivo lipid peroxidation.Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 2004 · Design: other (group A single-arm before/after; group B sequential-dose depletion-repletion) · n: 20 (A) and 8 (B) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 14871474DOI 10.1016/j.abb.2003.12.019Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanLycopene and vitamin C concentrations increase in plasma and lymphocytes after tomato intake. Effects on cellular antioxidant protection.European journal of clinical nutrition, 2004 · Design: single-arm (before/after dietary intervention) · n: 12 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15054415DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601974Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanVitamin C pharmacokinetics: implications for oral and intravenous use.Annals of internal medicine, 2004 · Design: other (depletion-repletion inpatient dose-concentration study, oral vs IV, plus PK modeling) · n: 17 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15068981DOI 10.7326/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00010Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending10 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanStable isotope-labelled vitamin C as a probe for vitamin C absorption by human subjects.The British journal of nutrition, 2004 · Design: randomized crossover · n: 15 (abstract); Table 1 sums to 16 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15137921DOI 10.1079/BJN20041103Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending7 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanEffects of 6-month multivitamin supplementation on serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and vitamin C in healthy elderly women.International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2004 · Design: RCT (randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel) · n: 220 analysed (241 recruited, 21 dropouts) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15255454DOI 10.1024/0300-9831.74.2.161Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanVitamin C pharmacokinetics of plain and slow release formulations in smokers.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2004 · Design: RCT (single-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled; parallel groups with PK at study start and after 4 weeks) · n: 48 completed second visit; Table 1 n=19+19+10 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15380894DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2004.01.007Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanPulsed electric fields-processed orange juice consumption increases plasma vitamin C and decreases F2-isoprostanes in healthy humans.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2004 · Design: parallel (two groups of 6, single-dose then 2-week multiple dose) · n: 12 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15542351DOI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.04.007Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanOxalate absorption and endogenous oxalate synthesis from ascorbate in calcium oxalate stone formers and non-stone formers.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2004 · Design: randomized crossover (2 g/d ascorbate vs no supplement, two 6-day periods) · n: 48 (29 SFs, 19 NSFs) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15558527DOI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.08.028Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanEffect of five-year supplementation of vitamin C on serum vitamin C concentration and consumption of vegetables and fruits in middle-aged Japanese: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2003 · Design: RCT · n: 439 initially participated; 120 low-dose + 124 high-dose analysed after 5 years; 134 dropout (referent group) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 12805247DOI 10.1080/07315724.2003.10719295Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending7 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanHigh-pressurized orange juice consumption affects plasma vitamin C, antioxidative status and inflammatory markers in healthy humans.The Journal of nutrition, 2003 · Design: single-arm · n: 12 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 12840179DOI 10.1093/jn/133.7.2204Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending8 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanChanges in serum retinol, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, carotenoids, xinc and selenium after micronutrient supplementation during alcohol rehabilitation.Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2003 · Design: RCT · n: 106 analysed (118 enrolled) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 12897045DOI 10.1080/07315724.2003.10719308Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanCoronary vasoregulation in patients with various risk factors in response to cold pressor testing: contrasting myocardial blood flow responses to short- and long-term vitamin C administration.Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2003 · Design: other (hypertensives randomized placebo vs vitamin C; smokers, hypercholesterolemic and controls open-label vitamin C) · n: 50 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 12957426DOI 10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00851-9Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanEffect of vitamin C on plasma total antioxidant status in patients with paraquat intoxication.Toxicology letters, 2002 · Design: other (4 experiments: baseline survey, in vitro spiking, single-dose IV PK, non-randomized escalating-dose patient series) · n: 56 healthy / 7 PK / 10 patients · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 11738270DOI 10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00431-3Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanOral ascorbic acid increases plasma oestradiol during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy.Maturitas, 2002 · Design: single-arm (before/after) · n: 25 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 12065172DOI 10.1016/s0378-5122(02)00005-1Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanSingle preoperative oral application of ascorbic acid does not affect postoperative plasma levels of ascorbic acid.Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 2002 · Design: RCT (randomized, control vs single oral dose) · n: 59 analysed samples, 54 analysed (27 + 27) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 12378045DOI 10.1159/000065409Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanEffects of three-month oral supplementation of beta-carotene and vitamin C on serum concentrations of carotenoids and vitamins in middle-aged subjects: a pilot study for a randomized controlled trial to prevent gastric cancer in high-risk Japanese population.Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann, 2000 · Design: RCT (3x3 factorial, pilot) · n: 55 participated; 54 completed · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 10835489DOI 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00968.x (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanThe effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on the blood lead levels of smokers.Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 1999 · Design: RCT (randomized, three parallel groups) · n: 75 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 10204833DOI 10.1080/07315724.1999.10718845Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanInfluence of feeding different vegetables on plasma levels of carotenoids, folate and vitamin C. Effect of disruption of the vegetable matrix.The British journal of nutrition, 1999 · Design: randomized crossover (incomplete block, 4 periods, individuals as blocks) · n: 69 analysed (72 selected, 3 dropped out) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 10655967Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanEffect of ascorbic acid administration on serum concentration of transferrin receptors.Clinical chemistry, 1998 · Design: single-arm · n: 178 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 9665447Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanAdministration of ascorbic acid and an aldose reductase inhibitor (tolrestat) in diabetes: effect on urinary albumin excretion.Nephron, 1998 · Design: RCT · n: 20 (AA study); 16 (tolrestat study) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 9807036DOI 10.1159/000045187Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanSerum antioxidant capacity is increased by consumption of strawberries, spinach, red wine or vitamin C in elderly women.The Journal of nutrition, 1998 · Design: randomized crossover · n: 8 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 9868185DOI 10.1093/jn/128.12.2383Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending8 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanEffect of supplementation of smoking men with plain or slow release ascorbic acid on lipoprotein oxidation.European journal of clinical nutrition, 1997 · Design: RCT, single blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel; PK substudy of 5 subjects per group · n: 62 randomized; 59 completed · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 9076405DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600376Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanThe effect of vitamin C in high doses on plasma and biliary lipid composition in patients with cholesterol gallstones: prolongation of the nucleation time.European journal of clinical investigation, 1997 · Design: open-label, non-randomized, before/after (treated) with separate untreated comparison group · n: 32 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 9179545DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1997.1240670.xVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanThe effect of ascorbic acid on plasma lipids and oxidisability of LDL in male smokers.European journal of clinical nutrition, 1997 · Design: randomized crossover (single-blind) · n: 8 completed (10 recruited) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 9234031DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600431Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanPharmacokinetic model of ascorbic acid in healthy male volunteers during depletion and repletion.Pharmaceutical research, 1997 · Design: open-label · n: 7 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 9327438DOI 10.1023/a:1012186203165Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending6 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanPharmacokinetic perspectives on megadoses of ascorbic acid.The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1997 · Design: other (pharmacokinetic modeling re-analysis of published data) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 9356534DOI 10.1093/ajcn/66.5.1165Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanAbsence of an effect of high vitamin C dosage on the systemic availability of ethinyl estradiol in women using a combination oral contraceptive.Contraception, 1993 · Design: randomized crossover (two sequences, two OC cycles; open) · n: 37 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 8222665DOI 10.1016/0010-7824(93)90083-jVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanEffect of ascorbic acid on gastrointestinal aluminium absorption.Lancet (London, England), 1991 · Design: other (two-period within-subject, 10-day drug-free interval; randomization not stated) · n: 13 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 1683458DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92776-xVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanAscorbic acid intakes and plasma levels in healthy elderly.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1987 · Design: other (observational longitudinal study plus graded-intake dose-response trial) · n: 270 (longitudinal); 17 (trial) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 3476004DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb23753.xVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanEffect of ascorbic acid on calcium elimination in humans.Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 1986 · Design: other (before/after within-subject; basal period vs test period) · n: 22 (long-term); 46 (short-term) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 3806257DOI 10.3177/jnsv.32.437Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending8 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanThe influence of vitamin C on antipyrine pharmacokinetics in elderly men.Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition, 1984 · Design: other (single-group sequential: baseline, restriction, supplementation) · n: 11 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 6704506DOI 10.1002/bdd.2510050107Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanRelation between intake and plasma concentration of vitamin C in elderly women.British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1983 · Design: observational · n: 101 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 6416442DOI 10.1136/bmj.287.6403.1429 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending1 verbatim quote · view in JSON
- HumanThe effect of ascorbic acid on plasma sulfate conjugated catecholamines after eating bananas.Life sciences, 1983 · Design: randomized crossover · n: 6 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 6621254DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90855-xVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanThe distribution of ascorbic acid between various cellular components of blood, in normal individuals, and its relation to the plasma concentration.The British journal of nutrition, 1982 · Design: other (cross-sectional baseline measurement plus before/after supplementation in a subset) · n: 41 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 7082619DOI 10.1079/bjn19820059Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanAscorbic acid absorption in man: influence of divided dose and food.Life sciences, 1981 · Design: other (within-subject repeated sessions: 4 control, 1 divided dose, 1 after-meal, plus i.v.; fixed order as listed) · n: 3 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 7253837DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(81)90592-0Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending10 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanVitamin C-status and pharmacokinetic profile of antipyrine in man.British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1981 · Design: RCT (double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12 months) · n: 17 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 7306442DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01213.x (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanAbsorption of vitamin C from the human buccal cavity.The British journal of nutrition, 1979 · Design: other (in vivo buccal absorption, repeated determinations) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 486391DOI 10.1079/bjn19790085Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanDemonstration of saturation kinetics in the intestinal absorption of vitamin C in man and the guinea pig.Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1978 · Design: other (in vivo triple-lumen intestinal perfusion, within-subject tandem random order); guinea pig isolated-loop perfusion · n: 7 humans; 6 guinea pigs per experiment (plus 6 additional for 0.28 and 56.8 mM; 3 additional for jejunal) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 209065DOI 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1978.tb01601.xVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending6 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanFailure of vitamin C to affect the pharmacokinetic profile of antipyrine in man.Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1976 · Design: other (within-subject before/after control vs vitamin C) · n: 14 (antipyrine); 2 (DPH) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 1262536DOI 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1976.tb02403.xVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanAscorbic acid absorption in man--pharmacokinetic implications.European journal of pharmacology, 1972 · Design: other (literature evaluation / pharmacokinetic modelling) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 5048660DOI 10.1016/0014-2999(72)90092-1Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanThe L-ascorbic acid absorption.Yonsei medical journal, 1965 · Design: other (single-group crossover-type experiments in saturated subjects) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 5870366DOI 10.3349/ymj.1965.6.1.7Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanClinical experimental investigations on the absorption of ascorbic acid with simultaneous administration of cod-liver oil or concentrations of A- or D-vitamine.Acta paediatrica, 1948 · Design: other (non-randomized interventional experiments with single-dose challenge; each arm a separate experiment) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 18885539DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1948.tb06824.xVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanINTUBATION STUDIES OF THE HUMAN SMALL INTESTINE. XXII. AN IMPROVED TECHNIC FOR THE STUDY OF ABSORPTION; ITS APPLICATION TO ASCORBIC ACID.The Journal of clinical investigation, 1942 · Design: other (repeated intestinal perfusion experiments in the same subjects, 19 experiments) · n: 4 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 16694939DOI 10.1172/JCI101327 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- HumanTHE VITAMIN C REQUIREMENT OF MAN. ESTIMATED AFTER PROLONGED STUDIES OF THE PLASMA CONCENTRATION AND DAILY EXCRETION OF VITAMIN C IN 3 ADULTS ON CONTROLLED DIETS.The Journal of clinical investigation, 1939 · Design: other (sequential dose-period balance study, each subject own control) · n: 3 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 16694704DOI 10.1172/JCI101086 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- PigEffect of liposomal formulation of ascorbic acid on corneal permeability.Scientific reports, 2023 · Design: other (in vitro/ex vivo formulation comparison) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 36859418DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-29290-9 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending6 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- PigElastic cationic liposomes for vitamin C delivery: Development, characterization and skin absorption study.International journal of pharmaceutics, 2023 · Design: other (in vitro Franz diffusion cell formulation comparison) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 37003313DOI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122897Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- PigTopically applied vitamin C and cysteine derivatives protect against UVA-induced photodegradation of suprofen in ex vivo pigskin.Photochemistry and photobiology, 2003 · Design: other (ex vivo/in vitro skin explant experiment) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 12733644DOI 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)077<0343:tavcac>2.0.co;2Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- PigTopical L-ascorbic acid: percutaneous absorption studies.Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 2001 · Design: other (in vivo animal percutaneous absorption experiments) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 11207686DOI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2001.00264.xVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending6 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- PigVitamin C supplementation does not modify bone mineral content or mineral absorption in growing pigs.The Journal of nutrition, 1997 · Design: parallel · n: 21 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 9237946DOI 10.1093/jn/127.8.1514Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentMonitoring of Vitamin C Plasma Levels in a Reversible Model of Malabsorption Generated in Mice by Ebulin-f.Toxins, 2025 · Design: parallel (4 groups: control and ebulin-f at 1, 3, 22 days) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 40711144DOI 10.3390/toxins17070333 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending8 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentEffects of vitamin C on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nimodipine in rats.Biomedical chromatography : BMC, 2024 · Design: parallel · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 38287211DOI 10.1002/bmc.5827Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentSalmonella Typhimurium Infection Reduces the Ascorbic Acid Uptake in the Intestine.Mediators of inflammation, 2023 · Design: other (controlled animal and cell experiments) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 36704315DOI 10.1155/2023/2629262 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentPhysicochemical properties of dihydromyricetin and the effects of ascorbic acid on its stability and bioavailability.Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2021 · Design: parallel (three groups, randomly divided) · n: 18 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 33336364DOI 10.1002/jsfa.11022Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentEvaluation of the targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil and ascorbic acid into the brain with ultrasound-responsive nanobubbles.Journal of drug targeting, 2018 · Design: other (controlled animal experiment, 4 parallel groups) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 29251518DOI 10.1080/1061186X.2017.1419354Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentAlleviation of ascorbic acid-induced gastric high acidity by calcium ascorbate in vitro and in vivo.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology, 2018 · Design: parallel · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 29302210DOI 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.1.35 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending8 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentColon targeted curcumin microspheres laden with ascorbic acid for bioavailability enhancement.Journal of microencapsulation, 2018 · Design: parallel · n: 24 (4 groups of 6 per Methods) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 30010458DOI 10.1080/02652048.2018.1501111Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending9 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentToxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles combined with vitamin C and casein phosphopeptides on gastric epithelium cells and the intestinal absorption of mice.RSC advances, 2018 · Design: ex vivo everted gut sac model plus in vitro cytotoxicity · n: 10 mice · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 35541949DOI 10.1039/c8ra03693d (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentEnhancement of skin permeation of vitamin C using vibrating microneedles.Translational and clinical pharmacology, 2017 · Design: other (in vitro permeation optimization plus parallel in vivo rat PK) · n: in vivo n=3 per group (from 'mean ± SD (n = 3)' in Fig. 4 legend) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 32095454DOI 10.12793/tcp.2017.25.1.15 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentPharmacokinetic and anti-cancer properties of high dose ascorbate in solid tumours of ascorbate-dependent mice.Free radical biology & medicine, 2016 · Design: parallel (single-dose PK time course; repeated-dose intervention study) · n: 45 (PK); 30 (intervention) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 27567539DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.027Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentTime course of vitamin C distribution and absorption after oral administration in SMP30/GNL knockout mice.Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2011 · Design: other (animal PK/tissue distribution, parallel groups) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 20708381DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2010.04.010Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentDietary ascorbate intake affects steady state tissue concentrations in vitamin C-deficient mice: tissue deficiency after suboptimal intake and superior bioavailability from a food source (kiwifruit).The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2011 · Design: other (animal dose-response, parallel groups) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 21123463DOI 10.3945/ajcn.110.004853Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending7 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentFormulation with ascorbic acid and sucrose modulates catechin bioavailability from green tea.Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.), 2010 · Design: parallel (4 formulation groups) plus in vitro digestion/Caco-2 experiments · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 20161530DOI 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.08.016 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending6 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentVitamin C transporter Slc23a1 links renal reabsorption, vitamin C tissue accumulation, and perinatal survival in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation, 2010 · Design: other (genetic knockout comparison with supplementation sub-experiments) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 20200446DOI 10.1172/JCI39191 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending8 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentMechanism of enhanced bioavailability and diuretic effect of azosemide by ascorbic acid in rats.Life sciences, 2006 · Design: parallel (oral PK groups); preliminary study crossover; in vitro tissue/microsome experiments · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 16153662DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.06.013Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending8 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentEnhanced delivery of gamma-secretase inhibitor DAPT into the brain via an ascorbic acid mediated strategy.Organic & biomolecular chemistry, 2005 · Design: parallel (compounds 2, 8 and DAPT 1 each injected) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15976862DOI 10.1039/b504988aVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentInfluence of vitamin C on cadmium absorption and distribution in rats.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS), 2004 · Design: parallel (2 groups of 45) with additional untreated reference group · n: 90 (+45 reference rats) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15646266DOI 10.1016/j.jtemb.2004.06.003Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentInfluence of phytostanol phosphoryl ascorbate (FM-VP4) on insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, plasma lipid levels, and gastrointestinal absorption of exogenous cholesterol in Zucker (fa/fa) fatty and lean rats.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2003 · Design: other (controlled animal study; 30-day treatment study plus single-dose [3H]cholesterol absorption study) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 12532378DOI 10.1002/jps.10297Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentIontophoresis promotes percutaneous absorption of L-ascorbic acid in rat skin.Journal of dermatological science, 2003 · Design: other (controlled animal experiment, iontophoresis vs topical) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 14507447DOI 10.1016/s0923-1811(03)00105-1Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentBioavailability of a series of novel acylated ascorbic acid derivatives, 6-O-acyl-2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acids, as an ascorbic acid supplement in rats and guinea pigs.Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 2002 · Design: other (animal PK and antiscorbutic experiments; tissue homogenate hydrolysis in vitro) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 12353620DOI 10.1271/bbb.66.1628Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentIntestinal absorption of calcium from calcium ascorbate in rats.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism, 1999 · Design: parallel (six groups; two doses x three Ca salts) · n: NR (see extraction notes) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 10084399DOI 10.1007/s007740050060Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentEffects of glucose and ascorbic acid on absorption and first pass metabolism of isoniazid in rats.Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 1991 · Design: other (parallel/within-experiment animal PK) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 2054871DOI 10.1248/cpb.39.445Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending10 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentInteraction of L-ascorbic acid on the disposition of lead in rats.Pharmacology & toxicology, 1989 · Design: parallel (PK sub-study, plus lead disposition sub-study with treatment groups A, B and control C) · n: 35 in lead study (A 15, B 15, C 5) plus 6 in As-Ac PK study · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 2748544DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1989.tb00665.xVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentIntestinal absorption of L-ascorbic acid in rats with renal failure.Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 1989 · Design: other (animal experiment: in vivo recirculating jejunal perfusion + in vitro everted sac) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 2771960DOI 10.3181/00379727-191-42928Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending7 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentEffect of ascorbic acid on brain amphetamine concentrations in the rat.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 1987 · Design: other (controlled animal experiment, saline vs ascorbic acid pretreatment) · n: 20 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 3628833DOI 10.1016/0278-5846(87)90072-8Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- RodentThe effects of dietary L-ascorbic acid on the absorption and utilization of Na75SeO3 of silver-treated rats.Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology, 1985 · Design: parallel (animal diet experiment) · n: 30 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 2861038DOI 10.1016/0742-8413(85)90103-3Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalVitamin C injection improves antioxidant stress capacity through regulating blood metabolism in post-transit yak.Scientific reports, 2023 · Design: single-arm · n: 5 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 37353533DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-36779-w (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalExploring the effectiveness of in ovo feeding of vitamin C based on the embryonic vitamin C synthesis and absorption in broiler chickens.Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 2021 · Design: other (controlled animal experiment, 3 groups) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 34340712DOI 10.1186/s40104-021-00607-w (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalThe effect of injectable vitamin C and road transit duration on inflammation, muscle fatigue, and performance in pre-conditioned beef steer calves.Journal of animal science, 2021 · Design: other (2 x 2 factorial, randomized by BW stratum; injection x transit duration) · n: 132 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 34698836DOI 10.1093/jas/skab312 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalIn vitro Cytotoxicity and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Pharmacological Ascorbate in Dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science, 2019 · Design: other (single group, two ascending IV doses on separate days) plus in vitro clonogenic assays · n: 8 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 31788483DOI 10.3389/fvets.2019.00385 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalPharmacokinetics of intravenous administered two different high doses of ascorbic acid in healthy beagle dogs.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research, 2019 · Design: randomized crossover (two-way) · n: 6 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 31819875DOI 10.5455/javar.2019.f371 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalSingle and combined effects of vitamin C and oregano essential oil in diet, on growth performance, and blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress condition.International journal of biometeorology, 2015 · Design: parallel (completely randomized, 2x2 factorial-type) · n: 240 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 25336108DOI 10.1007/s00484-014-0915-4Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalPerformance, egg quality traits, and serum metabolite concentrations of laying hens affected by dietary supplemental chromium picolinate and vitamin C under a heat-stress condition.Biological trace element research, 2014 · Design: other (3x2 factorial, completely randomized design, 4 replicates per diet) · n: 144 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 24347228DOI 10.1007/s12011-013-9872-8Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalThe effect of vitamin C supplementation on plasma concentration and urinary excretion of vitamin C in cattle.Journal of animal science, 2007 · Design: randomized Latin square (5x5) crossover · n: 5 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 17785598DOI 10.2527/jas.2007-0060Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending10 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalEffects of vitamin C and vitamin E on lipid peroxidation, blood serum metabolites, and mineral concentrations of laying hens reared at high ambient temperature.Biological trace element research, 2002 · Design: parallel, randomized to 4 groups (2x2 factorial-type) · n: 120 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 11881797DOI 10.1385/BTER:85:1:35Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalEffects of vitamin C and vitamin E on lipid peroxidation status, serum hormone, metabolite, and mineral concentrations of Japanese quails reared under heat stress (34 degrees C).International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2002 · Design: parallel, 2 x 3 factorial (vitamin C 100/200 x vitamin E 125/250/500 mg/kg diet), 3 replicates of 10 birds per group · n: 180 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 11944200DOI 10.1024/0300-9831.72.2.91Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalEffects of dietary chromium and ascorbic acid supplementation on digestion of nutrients, serum antioxidant status, and mineral concentrations in laying hens reared at a low ambient temperature.Biological trace element research, 2002 · Design: parallel, randomized to 4 groups (2x2 factorial-type) · n: 120 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 12117221DOI 10.1385/BTER:87:1-3:113Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalSerum ascorbic acid concentrations in previously unsupplemented greyhounds after administration of a single dose of ascorbic acid intravenously or per os.Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 2002 · Design: randomized crossover · n: 4 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15379908DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0396.2002.00378.xVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending10 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalPharmacokinetics in dogs after oral administration of two different forms of ascorbic acid.Research in veterinary science, 2001 · Design: randomized crossover (partial; some groups parallel) · n: 20 dogs; 32 experiments (28 supplement + 4 blank) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 11666144DOI 10.1053/rvsc.2001.0480Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending7 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalEffect of dietary vitamin C on concentrations of ascorbic acid in plasma and milk.Journal of dairy science, 2001 · Design: randomized block, parallel (4 dietary treatments, 28 d) · n: 32 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 11699462DOI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74677-2Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalComparison of vitamin C bioavailability after multiple or single oral dosing of different formulations in sheep.Reproduction, nutrition, development, 1997 · Design: parallel (Exp 1 multiple dosing vs control; Exp 2 single dose, formulation and route comparison) · n: Exp 1: 50; Exp 2: 30 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 9342793DOI 10.1051/rnd:19970405Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalPharmacokinetic study of ascorbic acid in sheep.Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire, 1996 · Design: parallel (4 groups of 5, single dose, by dose and route) · n: 20 · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 8809386 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalIn situ intestinal absorption of 2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid in guinea pigs.Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 1995 · Design: other (in situ intestinal perfusion, two experiments) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 7562119DOI 10.3177/jnsv.41.265Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending6 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalComparison of absorption of erythorbic acid and ascorbic acid in guinea pig small intestine.Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 1991 · Design: other (in situ small-intestine perfusion, comparative) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 1802972DOI 10.3177/jnsv.37.453Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalIntestinal absorption and metabolism of ascorbic acid in rainbow trout.The American journal of physiology, 1990 · Design: other (in vitro intestinal transport) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 2337201DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.5.R1238Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending6 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalEffect of retrograde electrical pacing on jejunal absorption of xylose and vitamin C.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 1981 · Design: other (within-animal paired periods: before pacing, during pacing, after pacing) · n: 5 dogs · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 7195436DOI 10.1177/0148607181005002103Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalEffect of ascorbic acid on the intestinal absorption of bile salts and metabolism of cholesterol in guinea pigs.Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 1976 · Design: other (animal in situ/in vivo/in vitro experiments) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 991356DOI 10.1248/cpb.24.2014Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalGastrointestinal absorption of ascorbic acid in guinea pigs.Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 1976 · Design: other (in situ recirculation and i.v. experiments) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 991357DOI 10.1248/cpb.24.2021Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- Other animalSite of intestinal absorption of ascorbic acid in guinea pigs and rats.Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 1973 · Design: other (animal, in vivo site-of-absorption) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 4712187DOI 10.1016/0006-291x(73)90969-8Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroDevelopment and kinetic evaluation of vitamin C-loaded contact lenses prepared by a simple soaking technique.Frontiers in medical technology, 2026 · Design: other (in vitro release study, n=3 per lens type) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 41836641DOI 10.3389/fmedt.2026.1759039 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending2 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroSynthesis and efficacy of tetraacetyl vitamin C ester: a novel alternative to traditional vitamin C and sodium acetate in aquafeeds.Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 2026 · Design: other (in vitro digestion plus animal feeding trials) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 42026670DOI 10.1186/s40104-026-01394-y (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending1 verbatim quote · view in JSON
- In vitroDevelopment and characterization of vitamin C- vitamin E co-loaded microcapsules: Storage stability, antioxidant activity and in vitro release properties.Food chemistry: X, 2025 · Design: other (in vitro formulation comparison, triplicate experiments) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yesPMID 40583899DOI 10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102650 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroFortifying jelly foods with microencapsulated anti-anaemic compounds, ferrous gluconate, ascorbic acid and folic acid.Journal of food science and technology, 2023 · Design: other (in vitro characterisation and digestion model) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 36618066DOI 10.1007/s13197-022-05599-7 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroVitamin C Improves Dasatinib Concentrations Under Hypochlorhydric Conditions of the Simulated Stomach Duodenum Model.Pharmaceutical research, 2022 · Design: in vitro model, triplicate experiments · n: 3 replicates per condition · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 35778632DOI 10.1007/s11095-022-03321-yVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroEnteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection Inhibits Intestinal Ascorbic Acid Uptake via Dysregulation of Its Transporter Expression.Digestive diseases and sciences, 2021 · Design: other (in vitro and animal infection experiments) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 32556816DOI 10.1007/s10620-020-06389-x (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroAscorbic acid, sucrose and olive oil lipids mitigate the inhibitory effects of pectin on the bioaccessibility and Caco-2 cellular uptake of ferulic acid and naringenin.Food & function, 2020 · Design: other (in vitro) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 32347274DOI 10.1039/d0fo00129eVerification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending1 verbatim quote · view in JSON
- In vitroAcerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) Promotes Ascorbic Acid Uptake into Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells via Enhancing the Gene Expression of Sodium-Dependent Vitamin C Transporter 1.Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 2020 · Design: other (in vitro cell uptake) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 32863301DOI 10.3177/jnsv.66.296Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin inhibits intestinal ascorbic acid uptake via a cAMP-dependent NF-κB-mediated pathway.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2019 · Design: other (in vitro/in vivo transport mechanism study) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 30285481DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.00259.2018 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroInhibition of intestinal ascorbic acid uptake by lipopolysaccharide is mediated via transcriptional mechanisms.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes, 2018 · Design: other (in vitro cell culture plus in vivo mouse LPS exposure with ex vivo jejunal sheet uptake) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 29030247DOI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.10.010 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroTumor necrosis factor alpha reduces intestinal vitamin C uptake: a role for NF-κB-mediated signaling.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2018 · Design: other (in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo transport mechanism study) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 29631379DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.00071.2018 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending4 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroEffect of ultrasound and heat on percutaneous absorption of l-ascorbic acid: human in vitro studies on Franz cell and Petri dish systems.International journal of cosmetic science, 2016 · Design: other (in vitro Franz diffusion cell and Petri dish models) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 27380114DOI 10.1111/ics.12350Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending6 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroAscorbic acid improves stability and pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in the presence of isoniazid.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2014 · Design: parallel (3 groups) plus in vitro dissolution stability study · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 25151231DOI 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.027Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending7 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroActivity of a sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT) in MDCK-MDR1 cells and mechanism of ascorbate uptake.International journal of pharmaceutics, 2008 · Design: other (in vitro cell uptake and transwell transport) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: yes (free in PMC)PMID 18417304DOI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.03.002 (free full text)Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroEffect of the main dietary antioxidants (carotenoids, gamma-tocopherol, polyphenols, and vitamin C) on alpha-tocopherol absorption.European journal of clinical nutrition, 2007 · Design: other (Caco-2 full factorial experiments; human randomized crossover) · n: 8 (human study) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 17268411DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602635Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending10 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroAbsorption rates and free radical scavenging values of vitamin C-lipid metabolites in human lymphoblastic cells.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2007 · Design: other (in vitro cell uptake) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 17901843Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroThe mechanisms for regulating absorption of Fe bis-glycine chelate and Fe-ascorbate in caco-2 cells are similar.The Journal of nutrition, 2004 · Design: other (in vitro cell uptake and competition) · n: n = 3 independent measures · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 14747678DOI 10.1093/jn/134.2.395Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending3 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
- In vitroEx vivo cutaneous absorption assessmentof a stabilized ascorbic acid formulation using a microdialysis system.Skin pharmacology and physiology, 2004 · Design: other (ex vivo microdialysis) · n: 3 skin samples · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 15528960DOI 10.1159/000081115Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending1 verbatim quote · view in JSON
- In vitroThe uptake of ascorbic acid into human umbilical vein endothelial cells and its effect on oxidant insult.Biochemical pharmacology, 1995 · Design: other (in vitro uptake kinetics) · full text (PDF extraction) · open access: noPMID 7503781DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02024-1Verification: values extracted verbatim from the full-text PDF (bundle 2, 2026-11-02); reviewer check pending5 verbatim quotes · view in JSON
Reviewer
PhD, molecular pathology (UAB); BS, molecular biology & biochemistry (St. Olaf College). Reviews the science and evidence (not medical advice).
Draft, pending sign-off Next review: set at sign-off
Animal and lab findings are labeled and never presented as proof of effects in people. Claims are limited to what the cited studies report. See our methodology.