CoQ10 Absorption: Ubiquinol vs Ubiquinone

Showing 60 of 459 Cmax/Tmax/AUC values (human first). All 522 values are in /api/supplements/coq10.

1. Human Kurowska EM, Dresser G, Deutsch L, Bassoo E, Freeman DJ. Relative bioavailability and antioxidant potential of two coenzyme q10 preparations. Annals of nutrition & metabolism. 2003;47(1):16-21. PMID 12624483. doi:10.1159/000068910 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover (two-period), n=11
2. Human Ullmann U, Metzner J, Schulz C, Perkins J, Leuenberger B. A new Coenzyme Q10 tablet-grade formulation (all-Q) is bioequivalent to Q-Gel and both have better bioavailability properties than Q-SorB. Journal of medicinal food. 2005;8(3):397-9. PMID 16176154. doi:10.1089/jmf.2005.8.397 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover (prospective, open-labeled, three-period), n=12
3. Human Hosoe K, Kitano M, Kishida H, Kubo H, Fujii K, Kitahara M. Study on safety and bioavailability of ubiquinol (Kaneka QH) after single and 4-week multiple oral administration to healthy volunteers. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP. 2007;47(1):19-28. PMID 16919858. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.07.001 PubMed · DOI · other (single-blind, placebo-controlled within dose groups, ascending-dose; single-dose and 4-week multiple-dose studies), n=15 (single-dose); 80 enrolled, 78 analyzed (multiple-dose)
4. Human Wajda R, Zirkel J, Schaffer T. Increase of bioavailability of coenzyme Q(10) and vitamin E. Journal of medicinal food. 2007;10(4):731-4. PMID 18158850. doi:10.1089/jmf.2006.254 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover (open, comparative, monocenter), n=24 enrolled; 23 analysed
5. Human Zmitek J, Smidovnik A, Fir M, Prosek M, Zmitek K, Walczak J, Pravst I. Relative bioavailability of two forms of a novel water-soluble coenzyme Q10. Annals of nutrition & metabolism. 2008;52(4):281-7. PMID 18645245. doi:10.1159/000129661 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover (single-center, open-label, three-period, single-dose), n=14 (12 in PK analysis; 2 outliers excluded)
6. Human Liu ZX, Artmann C. Relative bioavailability comparison of different coenzyme Q10 formulations with a novel delivery system. Alternative therapies in health and medicine. 2009;15(2):42-6. PMID 19284181. PubMed · RCT (double-blind, parallel, single-dose, 4 groups), n=20
7. In vitro Failla ML, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Aoki F. Increased bioavailability of ubiquinol compared to that of ubiquinone is due to more efficient micellarization during digestion and greater GSH-dependent uptake and basolateral secretion by Caco-2 cells. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2014;62(29):7174-82. PMID 24979483. doi:10.1021/jf5017829 PubMed · DOI · other (in vitro digestion/Caco-2 comparison of redox forms)
8. Rodent Prangthip P, Kettawan A, Posuwan J, Okuno M, Okamoto T. An Improvement of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats by Ubiquinone-10 and Ubiquinol-10 and Bioavailability after Short- and Long-Term Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation. Journal of dietary supplements. 2016;13(6):647-59. PMID 27064932. doi:10.3109/19390211.2016.1164788 PubMed · DOI · parallel (two parts; Part 2 supplemented vs control at 1 and 4 weeks)
9. Human Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen AM. Comparison study of plasma coenzyme Q10 levels in healthy subjects supplemented with ubiquinol versus ubiquinone. Clinical pharmacology in drug development. 2014;3(1):13-7. PMID 27128225. doi:10.1002/cpdd.73 PubMed · DOI · open-label, sequential single-sequence (ubiquinone, washout, ubiquinol); no randomization stated, n=12

1. HumanA Randomized, Double-Blind, Two-Treatment, Two-Period, Crossover Study Investigating the Systemic Bioavailability of a Novel Cocrystal Ubiquinol Formulation Compared with a Ubiquinone Formulation in Healthy Adults.
   Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev, 2026 · Design: randomized; crossover; double-blind · n: 12 healthy subjects · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
   PMID 41789786DOI 10.1002/cpdd.70042PMC12965043 (free full text)
   Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
   • Key findings · abstract:Clinical studies indicate that different CoQ10 formulations have different absorption rates, highlighting research comparing their systemic bioavailability.
   • Key findings · abstract:This study compared the oral bioavailability of cocrystal formulation soft gels (test product), a novel ubiquinol formulation, and ubiquinone formulation (reference product) in a randomized, double-blind, two-period crossover study with 12 healthy subjects under fasting conditions.
   • Key findings · abstract:The geometric mean ratios (test/reference) for baseline-corrected peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve from zero to last quantifiable t[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
   • Cmax · abstract:The geometric mean ratios (test/reference) for baseline-corrected peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve from zero to last quantifiable time (AUC0-t) were 2.20 and 2.01, respectively, with 90% confidence intervals of 1.59-3.04 and 1.51-2.70.
   • AUC · abstract:The geometric mean ratios (test/reference) for baseline-corrected peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve from zero to last quantifiable time (AUC0-t) were 2.20 and 2.01, respectively, with 90% confidence intervals of 1.59-3.04 and 1.51-2.70.
   • AUC · abstract:The geometric mean ratio for AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) was 3.43 (90% CI: 1.47-8.00).
   • Food effect · abstract:This study compared the oral bioavailability of cocrystal formulation soft gels (test product), a novel ubiquinol formulation, and ubiquinone formulation (reference product) in a randomized, double-blind, two-period crossover study with 12 healthy subjects under fasting conditions.
   • Cmax · full text, Table 3:ic Parameter Geometric LSM Test (T) NT Geometric LSM Reference (R) NR Geometric LSM Ratio (%) 90% CI Intra‐Subject CV% Power (%) Baseline corrected Cmax (µg/mL) 0.886 12 0.402 12 220.2 159.1–304.9 46.2 29.1 AUC0–t (h µg/mL) 17.328 12 8.582 12 201.9 151.0–270.0 40.9 34.1 AUC0–inf (h µg/mL) 29.612 8.613 343.8 147.6–800.6 61.8 10.2 Baseline uncorrected Cmax (µg/mL) 1.692 12 1.106 12 153.0 124.5–
   • Cmax · full text, Section 'Baseline‐Corrected Data':For baseline corrected, the geometric least‐squares mean (LSM) ratio (Test/Reference) for Cmax was 2.20 (90% CI: 1.59–3.04), for AUC0–t was 2.01 (90% CI: 1.51–2.70), and for AUC0–∞ was 3.43 (90% CI: 1.47–8.00).
   • Cmax · full text, Section 'Baseline‐Corrected Data':Intra‐subject variability (coefficient of variation [CV%]) was 46.2% for Cmax, 40.9% for AUC0–t, and 61.8% for AUC0–∞, with post hoc power analyses indicating 29.1% for Cmax, 34.1% for AUC0–t, and 10.2% for AUC0–∞, reflecting the study's limited power due to high variability in this dataset (Table 3).
   • AUC · full text, Table 3:ence (R) NR Geometric LSM Ratio (%) 90% CI Intra‐Subject CV% Power (%) Baseline corrected Cmax (µg/mL) 0.886 12 0.402 12 220.2 159.1–304.9 46.2 29.1 AUC0–t (h µg/mL) 17.328 12 8.582 12 201.9 151.0–270.0 40.9 34.1 AUC0–inf (h µg/mL) 29.612 8.613 343.8 147.6–800.6 61.8 10.2 Baseline uncorrected Cmax (µg/mL) 1.692 12 1.106 12 153.0 124.5–188.0 28.4 55.8 AUC0–t (h µg/mL) 53.870 12 42.047 12 128.1
   • AUC · full text, Section 'Baseline‐Corrected Data':For baseline corrected, the geometric least‐squares mean (LSM) ratio (Test/Reference) for Cmax was 2.20 (90% CI: 1.59–3.04), for AUC0–t was 2.01 (90% CI: 1.51–2.70), and for AUC0–∞ was 3.43 (90% CI: 1.47–8.00).
   • AUC · full text, Section 'Baseline‐Corrected Data':Intra‐subject variability (coefficient of variation [CV%]) was 46.2% for Cmax, 40.9% for AUC0–t, and 61.8% for AUC0–∞, with post hoc power analyses indicating 29.1% for Cmax, 34.1% for AUC0–t, and 10.2% for AUC0–∞, reflecting the study's limited power due to high variability in this dataset (Table 3).
2. HumanNext-generation liposomal coenzyme Q10: from formulation to clinical evidence via metazome technology for improved stability and enhanced oral absorption.
   Food Funct, 2026 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
   PMID 41582714DOI 10.1039/d5fo05217c
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a mitochondrial electron carrier and antioxidant widely used in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders; however, its oral efficacy is severely limited by extremely low aqueous solubility, high crystallinity, and poor bioavailability.
   • Key findings · abstract:The objective of this study was to develop a stable, scalable liposomal CoQ10 formulation and to evaluate its physicochemical properties and human oral bioavailability.
   • Key findings · abstract:Metazomal CoQ10 (MCQ) was developed using Metazome technology, in which CoQ10 was incorporated into phospholipid bilayers reinforced with gum arabic[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
   • Cmax · abstract:In a randomized, open-label, crossover study in healthy volunteers, MCQ demonstrated significantly improved pharmacokinetics compared with conventional CoQ10 (CCQ), including a 4.3-fold increase in AUC0-t, a 3.6-fold increase in Cmax, prolonged Tmax, extended half-life, and a lower elimination rate constant (p < 0.01).
   • Tmax · abstract:In a randomized, open-label, crossover study in healthy volunteers, MCQ demonstrated significantly improved pharmacokinetics compared with conventional CoQ10 (CCQ), including a 4.3-fold increase in AUC0-t, a 3.6-fold increase in Cmax, prolonged Tmax, extended half-life, and a lower elimination rate constant (p < 0.01).
   • AUC · abstract:In a randomized, open-label, crossover study in healthy volunteers, MCQ demonstrated significantly improved pharmacokinetics compared with conventional CoQ10 (CCQ), including a 4.3-fold increase in AUC0-t, a 3.6-fold increase in Cmax, prolonged Tmax, extended half-life, and a lower elimination rate constant (p < 0.01).
   • Relative bioavailability · abstract:In a randomized, open-label, crossover study in healthy volunteers, MCQ demonstrated significantly improved pharmacokinetics compared with conventional CoQ10 (CCQ), including a 4.3-fold increase in AUC0-t, a 3.6-fold increase in Cmax, prolonged Tmax, extended half-life, and a lower elimination rate constant (p < 0.01).
3. HumanBioavailability and Cellular Compatibility of a Novel Coenzyme Q10 Emulgel as an Alternative Oral Delivery System for Patients with Dysphagia: Preliminary Results from a Randomized Study.
   Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet, 2026 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: n = 6 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
   PMID 41182538DOI 10.1007/s13318-025-00970-3
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bioavailability and cellular compatibility of this novel CoQ10 emulgel.
   • Key findings · abstract:Plasma CoQ10 concentrations were determined by validated HPLC-UV and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using noncompartmental methods.
   • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The single-dose study in healthy adults demonstrated equivalent bioavailability of 1 g CoQ10 administered via emulgel (25 g serving) and solid capsules (1 g CoQ10 in two size-00 capsules).
   • Key findings · abstract:However, CoQ10 in the emulgel exhibited faster and more efficient absorption.
   • Key findings · abstract:A 14-day repeated-dose study revealed significant higher plasma CoQ10 conce[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
4. HumanNovel Lipid-Based Formulation to Enhance Coenzyme Q10 Bioavailability: Preclinical Assessment and Phase 1 Pharmacokinetic Trial.
   Pharmaceutics, 2025 · Design: crossover · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 40284410DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics17040414PMC12030634 (free full text)
   Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
   • Key findings · abstract:An example is coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a quinone known for its potential as a mitochondrial protective agent but characterized by low intestinal absorption.
   • Key findings · abstract:CoQ10 is a hydrophobic molecule with high molecular weight and poor water solubility, factors that significantly limit its intestinal bioaccessibility and, consequently, its oral bioavailability.
   • Key findings · abstract:Methods: Its efficacy was evaluated in vitro through the Caco-2 cellular model and in vivo through a crossover study on healthy volunteers, measuring pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, Cmax, Tmax, ΔAUC, and ΔCmax.
   • Key findings · abstract:Results: Overall, LiBADDS[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
   • Cmax · abstract:Methods: Its efficacy was evaluated in vitro through the Caco-2 cellular model and in vivo through a crossover study on healthy volunteers, measuring pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, Cmax, Tmax, ΔAUC, and ΔCmax.
   • Tmax · abstract:Methods: Its efficacy was evaluated in vitro through the Caco-2 cellular model and in vivo through a crossover study on healthy volunteers, measuring pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, Cmax, Tmax, ΔAUC, and ΔCmax.
   • AUC · abstract:Methods: Its efficacy was evaluated in vitro through the Caco-2 cellular model and in vivo through a crossover study on healthy volunteers, measuring pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, Cmax, Tmax, ΔAUC, and ΔCmax.
   • Cmax · full text, Table 5:Summary of pharmacokinetic parameters (n = 5). Parameter (Mean) +/− SD Cmax (mg)CI 95% DCmax (mg)CI 95% AUC0−12h (mg/L/h)Cl 95% DAUC0−12h (mg/L/h)CI 95% AUC2−6h (mg/L/h)Cl 95% DAUC2−6h (mg/L/h)Cl95% Tmax (h)Cl95% CoQ10 LiBADDSUnform. CoQ10 1.08 +/− 0.15 0.33 +/− 0.18 10.2 +/− 4.2 4.38 +/− 0.16 4.12 +/− 1.55 1.15 +/− 0.17 6.
   • Cmax · full text, Section '4. Conclusions':Furthermore, a crossover, double-blind clinical trial involving five healthy volunteers showed that the LiBADDS formulation significantly increased CoQ10 intestinal absorption, Cmax, and AUC2–6h, suggesting that this technology could play a critical role in improving CoQ10 bioavailability.
   • Tmax · full text, Table 5:rameter (Mean) +/− SD Cmax (mg)CI 95% DCmax (mg)CI 95% AUC0−12h (mg/L/h)Cl 95% DAUC0−12h (mg/L/h)CI 95% AUC2−6h (mg/L/h)Cl 95% DAUC2−6h (mg/L/h)Cl95% Tmax (h)Cl95% CoQ10 LiBADDSUnform. CoQ10 1.08 +/− 0.15 0.33 +/− 0.18 10.2 +/− 4.2 4.38 +/− 0.16 4.12 +/− 1.55 1.15 +/− 0.17 6.8 +/− 3.03 (0.93–1.23) (0.15–0.51) (6.08–14.3) (4.22–4.54) (2.60–5.64) (0.98–1.32) (3.83–9.77) 0.85 +/− 0.09 0.29 +/− 0.06 7
   • Tmax · full text, Section '3.5. Bioavailability Assessment':Tmax was 17% shorter for the LiBADDS formulation compared to the unformulated CoQ10 (Table 5).
   • AUC · full text, Table 5:Summary of pharmacokinetic parameters (n = 5). Parameter (Mean) +/− SD Cmax (mg)CI 95% DCmax (mg)CI 95% AUC0−12h (mg/L/h)Cl 95% DAUC0−12h (mg/L/h)CI 95% AUC2−6h (mg/L/h)Cl 95% DAUC2−6h (mg/L/h)Cl95% Tmax (h)Cl95% CoQ10 LiBADDSUnform. CoQ10 1.08 +/− 0.15 0.33 +/− 0.18 10.2 +/− 4.2 4.38 +/− 0.16 4.12 +/− 1.55 1.15 +/− 0.17 6.8 +/− 3.03 (0.93–1.23) (0.15–0.5
   • AUC · full text, Section '3.5. Bioavailability Assessment':The differences in both the means of the plasma concentrations and AUC at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 h between CoQ10 LiBADDS and unformulated CoQ10 were statistically significant (t-test, α < 0.05;
   • AUC · full text, Section '3.5. Bioavailability Assessment':The logarithm of the geometric mean ratio of AUC0–12h and AUC2–6h between the LiBADDS formulation and unformulated CoQ10 was 126 and 141, respectively, indicating superior bioavailability according to the criteria set by FDA-EMA (Table 5).
   • Food effect · full text, Section '2.14.1. Dietary Recommendations':Avoid introducing new foods or significant dietary changes during the study period.✓Avoid dietary supplements or multivitamins containing coenzyme Q10 or other antioxidants for at least 30 days prior to the trial and throughout the duration of the study.✓Stay hydrated by drinking adequate amounts of water daily, as dehydration could influence absorption and blood sampling results.✓Limit alcohol in
   • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.5. Bioavailability Assessment':Tmax was 17% shorter for the LiBADDS formulation compared to the unformulated CoQ10 (Table 5).
   • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.5. Bioavailability Assessment':The absorption percentage was 4.3% ± 0.6% for the LiBADDS formulation and 3.5% ± 0.5% for the unformulated CoQ10 formulation, indicating a 23% increase in absorption for the LiBADDS formulation compared to the unformulated CoQ10.
5. HumanPhase I Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Dose-Finding Study of Coenzyme Q10 on Doxorubicin Pharmacokinetics during Breast Cancer Treatment.
   Integr Cancer Ther, 2025 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: n = 3 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 41261512DOI 10.1177/15347354251388014PMC12638730 (free full text)
   Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
   • Key findings · abstract:Paired t-tests assessed intra-patient differences in pharmacokinetic parameters, serum CoQ10 concentrations, TAC, and adverse events.
   • Key findings · abstract:Serum CoQ10 concentrations were increased in patients receiving 300 mg/day (mean ± SD change: CoQ10, 1.6 ± 0.9 µg/mL; placebo, -0.01 ± 0.3 µg/mL;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
   • Key findings · abstract:Future studies should evaluate the long-term effects of CoQ10 at 300 mg/day and safety studies should examine higher doses.
   • Cmax · full text, Table 2.:dian Range Mean 95% CI Doxorubicin AUC0_24 (hr*ng/m) a 1394.5 358.5 1265.5 1034.5, 1983.3 1449.6 472.3 1319.9 1069.2, 2243.5 55.1 −331.9, 442.1 .73 Cmax (ng/m) b 1914.6 990.0 1757.8 894.8, 3435.9 2086.8 1263.9 1858.1 861.1, 4388.3 172.2 −913.3, 1257.7 .70 Tmax (hour) c 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.2, 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2, 0.4 0.0 −0.1, 0.1 .88 Half-life (hour) d 13.7 2.4 13.6 10.7, 17.7 15.4 2.8 15.9 11.9, 1
   • Cmax · full text, Section 'Doxorubicin Pharmacokinetics':Mean AUC (0-24h), Cmax, Tmax and half-life of doxorubicin were generally similar in patients treated with doxorubicin + CoQ10 300 mg/day and patients treated with doxorubicin + placebo.
   • Tmax · full text, Table 2.:.9 1069.2, 2243.5 55.1 −331.9, 442.1 .73 Cmax (ng/m) b 1914.6 990.0 1757.8 894.8, 3435.9 2086.8 1263.9 1858.1 861.1, 4388.3 172.2 −913.3, 1257.7 .70 Tmax (hour) c 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.2, 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2, 0.4 0.0 −0.1, 0.1 .88 Half-life (hour) d 13.7 2.4 13.6 10.7, 17.7 15.4 2.8 15.9 11.9, 19.7 1.7 −0.5, 3.9 .10 Doxorubicinol  AUC0_24 (hr*ng/ml) 443.8 101.9 457.2 274.3, 545.3 466.9 155.7 518.0 223.
   • Tmax · full text, Section 'Doxorubicin Pharmacokinetics':Mean AUC (0-24h), Cmax, Tmax and half-life of doxorubicin were generally similar in patients treated with doxorubicin + CoQ10 300 mg/day and patients treated with doxorubicin + placebo.
   • AUC · full text, Table 2.:bicin + CoQ10 (300 mg/d) Doxorubicin + Placebo Between group difference P-value e Mean SD Median Range Mean SD Median Range Mean 95% CI Doxorubicin AUC0_24 (hr*ng/m) a 1394.5 358.5 1265.5 1034.5, 1983.3 1449.6 472.3 1319.9 1069.2, 2243.5 55.1 −331.9, 442.1 .73 Cmax (ng/m) b 1914.6 990.0 1757.8 894.8, 3435.9 2086.8 1263.9 1858.1 861.1, 4388.3 172.2 −913.3, 1257.7 .70 Tmax (hour) c 0.3 0.0 0.3
   • AUC · full text, Section 'Doxorubicin Pharmacokinetics':Mean AUC (0-24h), Cmax, Tmax and half-life of doxorubicin were generally similar in patients treated with doxorubicin + CoQ10 300 mg/day and patients treated with doxorubicin + placebo.
   • Food effect · full text, Section 'Study Drug':CoQ10 was administered in 150 mg capsules with food.
   • Food effect · full text, Section 'Study Drug':The planned dosing at the 3 dose levels was as follows: 300 mg dose level, two 150 mg capsules once per day with food; 600 mg dose level, two 150 mg capsules 2 times per day with food; and 1200 mg dose level, four 150 mg capsules 2 times per day with food.
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) a':A statistically significantly greater increase in serum CoQ10 concentration was noted in the patients treated with doxorubicin + CoQ10 compared to patients treated with doxorubicin + placebo (mean ± SD change in serum CoQ10 from baseline: doxorubicin + CoQ10 300 mg/day: 1.6 ± 0.9 µg/ml, doxorubicin + placebo: −0.01 ± 0.3 µg/ml, P = .01).
6. HumanImproving the Bioavailability and Efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 on Alzheimer's Disease Through the Arginine Based Proniosomes.
   J Pharm Sci, 2023 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
   PMID 37506768DOI 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.020
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability of exogenous CoQ10 is extremely low due to its poor aqueous solubility and large molecular mass.
   • Key findings · abstract:In this study, mixed proniosomal drug delivery systems have been used to increase solubility and bioavailability of CoQ10.
   • Key findings · abstract:While CoQ10's relative bioavailability was statistically increased by proniosome compared to CoQ10 suspension (p<0.01, Grubb test).
   • Key findings · abstract:The study results proved that proniosomal formulation has a high potential drug delivery system for both increasing bioavailability and anti-Alzheimer effect of CoQ10.
   • Relative bioavailability · abstract:While CoQ10's relative bioavailability was statistically increased by proniosome compared to CoQ10 suspension (p<0.01, Grubb test).
7. HumanCharacterization and bioavailability of a novel coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion used as an infant formula supplement.
   Int J Pharm, 2023 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
   PMID 36716829DOI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122656
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:Supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), in patients with its deficiency, has greater odds of success if the treatment is carried out early with an appropriate formulation.
   • Key findings · abstract:However, solid CoQ10 cannot be solubilized or dispersed in milk matrix leading to an inefficient CoQ10 dosage and poor intestinal absorption.
   • Key findings · abstract:This formulation resulted to be easily to be dispersed in milk matrix, stable for at least 90 days, with no cytotoxicity in in vitro assays, and higher bioavailability than CoQ10 powder.
8. HumanThe Influence of Atorvastatin, Amlodipine and Ethoxidol on Ubiquinol and Ubiquinone Endogenous Plasma Concentrations in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.
   Curr Drug Metab, 2023 · Design: not stated · n: 62 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
   PMID 37711113DOI 10.2174/1389200224666230913133201
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:Many researchers studied the plasma concentrations of ubiquinol, ubiquinone, total CoQ10 and the redox state (ubiquinol/ubiquinone ratio) of CoQ10 in healthy volunteers.
   • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the effect of atorvastatin, amlodipine and ethoxidol on endogenous plasma concentrations of ubiquinol, ubiquinone, total CoQ10 and its redox state in patients with CHF.
   • Key findings · abstract:For the quantitative determination of ubiquinol, ubiquinone, and total CoQ10 in the plasma of patients, HPLCMS/ MS was used.
   • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: It was established that the endogenous plasma concentrat[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
9. HumanWomen have higher levels of CoQ10 than men when supplemented with a single dose of CoQ10 with monoglycerides omega-3 or rice oil and followed for 48 h: a crossover randomised triple blind controlled study.
   J Nutr Sci, 2022 · Design: randomized; crossover · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 35291282DOI 10.1017/jns.2021.106PMC8889221 (free full text)PDF
   Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
   • Key findings · abstract:Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a lipid involved in ATP synthesis, exhibits very limited oral absorption, and its endogenous production decreases with ageing and with the occurrence of oxidative stress.
   • Key findings · abstract:Our group previously showed that monoglycerides omega-3 (MAG-OM3) increase OM3 plasma concentrations.
   • Key findings · abstract:Since CoQ10 is liposoluble, we hypothesised that its 48 h pharmacokinetics is higher when provided with MAG-OM3 compared to CoQ10 alone (in powder form) or added to rice oil (a neutral triacylglycerol oil).
   • Key findings · abstract:Plasma total CoQ10 concentrations were analysed on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograp[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
   • Cmax · abstract:The delta max concentration (ΔCmax) of plasma CoQ10 was, respectively, 2 (MAG-OM3) and 2⋅5 (rice oil) times higher compared to CoQ10 alone.
   • AUC · abstract:When CoQ10 was provided with rice or MAG-OM3 oils, the 48 h area under the curve (AUC 0-48 h) was approximately two times higher compared to when provided without an oil.
   • AUC · abstract:There was a significant sex by treatment interaction (P = 0⋅0250) for the AUC 0-6 h supporting that in postprandial, men and women do not respond the same way to the different supplement.
   • Food effect · abstract:There was a significant sex by treatment interaction (P = 0⋅0250) for the AUC 0-6 h supporting that in postprandial, men and women do not respond the same way to the different supplement.
   • Tmax · full text, Table 3::ination with MAG-OM3, rice oil or alone. CoQ10 + MAG-OM3 CoQ10 + Rice oil CoQ10 alone Pharmacokinetic parameters Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM P-value Tmax (h) 9·5 1·3 9·6 1·3 6·9 1·1 0·6128 C0h (μg/L) 611·6 42·0 617·9 43·4 581·8 40·2 0·0877 ΔCmax (μg/L) 281·1 A 44·5 325·1 A 50·1 127·8 B 26·5 0·0015 ΔC48h (μg/L) 38·3 A 20·5 96·1 B 26·3 −17·7 A 19·2 0·0004 AUC 0-6h (μg/L*h) 576·7 A 100·0 456·1 A 73·
   • Tmax · full text, Table 4::0 + Rice oil CoQ10 Alone Men Women Men Women Men Women P-value Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM P interaction P sex P supplement Tmax (h) 7·2 1·5 11·7 2·1 8·7 1·7 10·6 1·9 7·7 1·9 6·1 1·0 0·1772 0·3127 0·1795 C0h (μg/L) 589·6 54·6 633·6 65·3 658·7 58·4 577·1 64·4 614·8 64·5 548·9 48·9 0·0198 0·6691 0·2706 ΔCmax (μg/L) 279·8 67·6 282·4 60·2 373·1 52·1 373·2 85·8 87·0 18·4 168·7
   • Tmax · full text, Section 'Primary outcome':Tmax = time at which the maximum concentration is reached, C0h = plasma concentration at baseline, ΔCmax = maximum concentration, C48h = plasma concentration 48h post single dose intake, AUC 0-6 h = area under the curve over 6h, AUC 0-48h = area under the curve over 48h.
   • AUC · full text, Table 3::42·0 617·9 43·4 581·8 40·2 0·0877 ΔCmax (μg/L) 281·1 A 44·5 325·1 A 50·1 127·8 B 26·5 0·0015 ΔC48h (μg/L) 38·3 A 20·5 96·1 B 26·3 −17·7 A 19·2 0·0004 AUC 0-6h (μg/L*h) 576·7 A 100·0 456·1 A 73·1 161·7 B 41·6 <0·0001 AUC 0-48h (μg/L*h) 6211·0 A 1097·0 7216·0 A 1148·0 2199·0 B 702·6 <0·0001
   • AUC · full text, Table 4::373·2 85·8 87·0 18·4 168·7 48·3 0·5550 0·3588 0·0003 ΔC48h* (μg/L) 26·5 18·8 51·0 37·9 25·6 18·9 171·5 42·6 -45·5 22·2 8·3 30·0 0·0696 0·0143 0·0002 AUC 0-6h (μg/L*h) 731·3 177·2 422·0 81·3 452·2 113·5 460·1 96·3 99·9 35·3 223·4 73·4 0·0250 0·6176 <0·0001 AUC 0-48h (μg/L*h) 5957·2 1414·1 6464·9 1725·0 4927·9 824·8 9503·1 2007·1 1348·6 489·7 3049·5 1304·5 0·1707 0·1453 <0·0001
   • AUC · full text, Section 'Primary outcome':The 0–48 h AUC of CoQ10 combined with MAG-OM3 or rice oil was significantly higher than CoQ10 provided alone (Table 3).
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section 'Secondary outcomes':CoQ10 concentrations still in the plasma 48 h after taking the supplements were 1⋅5–4⋅5 times higher for the CoQ10 + rice oil supplement compared to MAG-OM3 or CoQ10 alone (P = 0⋅0004) (Table 3).
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section 'Secondary outcomes':The ΔCmax of plasma CoQ10 was, respectively, 1 and 1⋅5 times higher when CoQ10 was provided with MAG-OM3 or rice oil compared to the powder supplement form (P = 0⋅0015) (Table 3).
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Study treatments':This dose was selected because a study compared the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of 100 and 200 mg of CoQ10 and they reported an increase of 150 % of CoQ10 in the plasma with the 200 mg dose compared to an increase of 80 % with the 100 mg dose(18).
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Secondary outcomes':The 0–6 h AUC of CoQ10 was significantly higher when CoQ10 was combined with MAG-OM3 or rice oil compared to CoQ10 alone (P < 0⋅0001).
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Secondary outcomes':CoQ10 concentrations still in the plasma 48 h after taking the supplements were 1⋅5–4⋅5 times higher for the CoQ10 + rice oil supplement compared to MAG-OM3 or CoQ10 alone (P = 0⋅0004) (Table 3).
10. HumanThe Single-dose Absorption and Steady-state Bioavailability of Different Coenzyme Q10 Formulations.
    Integr Med (Encinitas), 2022 · Design: randomized; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (PMC)
    PMID 35431689PMC9005147 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:CONTEXT: The results for the absorption and bioavailability of different product formulations of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) that are found in the literature are highly variable and confusing to CoQ10 researchers and consumers.
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The study intended to measure and compare the single-dose absorption and steady-state bioavailability of three types of Crystal Free (CF) CoQ10 formulations-CF CoQ10, crystalline CQ10, and dry-powder CoQ10.
    • Key findings · abstract:OUTCOME MEASURES: Single-dose absorption and steady-state bioavailability was determined for nine CoQ10 formulations: (1) three formulations of CF CoQ10 in l[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:For the CF group, the Δ Cmax was 1.83 ± 0.58 ug/ml, the % absorption was 7.03 ± 2.03, the steady-state CoQ10 level was 3.28 ±0.92 ug/ml, and the AUC was 32.80 ± 10.05 ug/ml x days.
    • Cmax · abstract:For the crystalline group, the Δ Cmax was 1.40 ±0.24, the % absorption 3.08 ± 0.53, the steady-state plasma level was 2.50 ± 0.54 ug/ml, and the AUC was 7.55 ± 1.87 ug/ml x days.
    • Cmax · abstract:For the dry powder group, the Δ Cmax was 0.33 ± 0.05 ug/ml, the % absorption was 1.28 ± 0.96 %, the steady-state plasma CoQ10 level was 1.55 ± 0.43 ug/ml, and the AUC was 5.34 ± 1.10 ug/ml x days.
    • AUC · abstract:For the CF group, the Δ Cmax was 1.83 ± 0.58 ug/ml, the % absorption was 7.03 ± 2.03, the steady-state CoQ10 level was 3.28 ±0.92 ug/ml, and the AUC was 32.80 ± 10.05 ug/ml x days.
    • AUC · abstract:For the crystalline group, the Δ Cmax was 1.40 ±0.24, the % absorption 3.08 ± 0.53, the steady-state plasma level was 2.50 ± 0.54 ug/ml, and the AUC was 7.55 ± 1.87 ug/ml x days.
    • AUC · abstract:For the dry powder group, the Δ Cmax was 0.33 ± 0.05 ug/ml, the % absorption was 1.28 ± 0.96 %, the steady-state plasma CoQ10 level was 1.55 ± 0.43 ug/ml, and the AUC was 5.34 ± 1.10 ug/ml x days.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:For the CF group, the Δ Cmax was 1.83 ± 0.58 ug/ml, the % absorption was 7.03 ± 2.03, the steady-state CoQ10 level was 3.28 ±0.92 ug/ml, and the AUC was 32.80 ± 10.05 ug/ml x days.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:For the crystalline group, the Δ Cmax was 1.40 ±0.24, the % absorption 3.08 ± 0.53, the steady-state plasma level was 2.50 ± 0.54 ug/ml, and the AUC was 7.55 ± 1.87 ug/ml x days.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:For the dry powder group, the Δ Cmax was 0.33 ± 0.05 ug/ml, the % absorption was 1.28 ± 0.96 %, the steady-state plasma CoQ10 level was 1.55 ± 0.43 ug/ml, and the AUC was 5.34 ± 1.10 ug/ml x days.
11. HumanBioavailability of Reduced Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol-10) in Burn Patients.
    Metabolites, 2022 · Design: randomized; double-blind · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 35888737DOI 10.3390/metabo12070613PMC9321044 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:To study the bioavailability of CoQ10 supplementation, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of reduced CoQ10 (ubiquinol-10) (1800 mg/day, t.i.d.) in burn patients at a single, tertiary-care hospital.
    • Key findings · abstract:Baseline plasma CoQ10 levels were significantly lower in burn patients than in healthy volunteers, although plasma CoQ10/cholesterol ratio did not differ between the groups.
    • Key findings · abstract:CoQ10 supplementation increased plasma concentrations of total and reduced CoQ10 and total CoQ10 content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in burn patients compared with the placebo[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
12. HumanComparative Bioavailability of Different Coenzyme Q10 Formulations in Healthy Elderly Individuals.
    Nutrients, 2020 · Design: randomized; crossover · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 32188111DOI 10.3390/nu12030784PMC7146408 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:CoQ10 biosynthesis decreases in the elderly, and consequently, the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation in this population are of greater significance.
    • Key findings · abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the single-dose bioavailability of different formulations of CoQ10 in a healthy geriatric population.
    • Key findings · abstract:A randomized, three-period, crossover bioavailability study was conducted on 21 healthy older adults (aged 65-74).
    • Key findings · abstract:Ubiquinone/ubiquinol was followed in the plasma for 48 h.
    • Key findings · abstract:An analysis of the ratio of the area under the baseline-corrected concentration curve (ΔAUC48) for total CoQ10 and[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:An analysis of the ratio of the area under the baseline-corrected concentration curve (ΔAUC48) for total CoQ10 and a comparison to SP yielded the following: The bioavailability of CoQ10 in the IP was 2.4-fold higher (95% CI: 1.3-4.5; p = 0.002), while the bioavailability of ubiquinol (CP) was not significantly increased (1.7-fold; 95% CI: 0.9-3.1, p = 0.129).
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:An analysis of the ratio of the area under the baseline-corrected concentration curve (ΔAUC48) for total CoQ10 and a comparison to SP yielded the following: The bioavailability of CoQ10 in the IP was 2.4-fold higher (95% CI: 1.3-4.5; p = 0.002), while the bioavailability of ubiquinol (CP) was not significantly increased (1.7-fold; 95% CI: 0.9-3.1, p = 0.129).
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:No differences in the redox status of the absorbed coenzyme Q10 were observed between formulations, showing that CoQ10 appeared in the blood mostly as ubiquinol, even if consumed as ubiquinone.
    • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '2.3. Study Population':We calculated that 19 subjects would be sufficient to detect a 2-fold difference between the standard and tested product, with the coefficient of variation among the ΔAUC48 values being 100%.
    • Form comparison · full text, Table 4:Comparison of the ΔAUC48 values of the tested formulations. N ΔAUC48 Ratio # Lower Valueof 95% CI Upper Valueof 95% CI p-Value * IP vs. SP 21 2.44 1.33 4.50 0.002 IP vs. CP 21 1.47 0.80 2.70 0.366 CP vs. SP 21 1.66 0.90 3.06 0.129
    • Form comparison · full text, Table 5:Comparison of the Δcmax values of the tested formulations. N Δcmax Ratio # Lower Valueof 95% CI Upper Valueof 95% CI p-Value * IP vs. SP 21 2.04 1.21 3.42 0.004 IP vs. CP 21 1.35 0.81 2.27 0.451 CP vs. SP 21 1.50 0.90 2.53 0.167
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.5. Effect of the Intervention on the P':We did not observe any significant differences between the tested formulations in terms of any of the parameters (paired samples t-test, p > 0.05): The ratio of the reduced vs. total CoQ10 was around 90% for all parameters.
13. HumanMiso Soup Consumption Enhances the Bioavailability of the Reduced Form of Supplemental Coenzyme Q10.
    J Nutr Metab, 2020 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 31998536DOI 10.1155/2020/5349086PMC6969983 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Concurrent food intake enhances the absorption of orally administered CoQ10, but it has not been fully established whether specific food substances affect intestinal CoQ10 absorption.
    • Key findings · abstract:Therefore, to determine whether the bioavailability of supplemental CoQ10 is affected by diet, P30, a granulated and reduced form of CoQ10, was dispersed in four different foods, clear soup, miso soup, milk soup, and raw egg sauce.
    • Key findings · abstract:When miso soup containing P30 was provided, the serum CoQ10 concentration increased faster than when participants consumed other P30-containing soups or a P30-containing raw egg sa[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:The area under the curve for serum CoQ10 during the first 5 h after consumption of the P30-containing miso soup was approximately 1.5 times larger than those after the consumption of other P30-containing meals.
    • Food effect · abstract:The area under the curve for serum CoQ10 during the first 5 h after consumption of the P30-containing miso soup was approximately 1.5 times larger than those after the consumption of other P30-containing meals.
    • Food effect · abstract:These data imply that the absorption of CoQ10 supplements can be enhanced by consuming them with food and in particular with specific food substances, such as miso soup.
    • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '3. Results':The ΔAUC0–5 following miso soup ingestion was 4.44 ± 1.40 μmol h/L, which is approximately 1.5- and 1.6-fold higher (P < 0.05) than that on the clear soup (2.97 ± 1.11 μmol h/L) and raw egg sauce (2.84 ± 1.36 μmol h/L) days, respectively ().
    • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '3. Results':The mean ΔAUC0–5 on the miso soup day was 4.94 ± 1.51 μmol h/L, which was 1.6∼1.7-fold higher (P < 0.05) than that on the clear soup (3.08 ± 1.33 μmol h/L), milk soup (2.95 ± 1.07 μmol h/L), and raw egg sauce (3.05 ± 1.64 μmol h/L) days, respectively (Figure 1(b)).
14. HumanBioavailability of coenzyme Q10 loaded in an oleogel formulation for oral therapy: Comparison with a commercial-grade solid formulation.
    Int J Pharm, 2020 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 32283195DOI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119315
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In the present study, we evaluated the bioavailability of oleogel-dissolved CoQ10 and plasma antioxidant status in healthy adults in single-dose and repeated-dose studies.
    • Key findings · abstract:The single-dose study demonstrated that, in terms of CoQ10 bioavailability, 1 g CoQ10/5g oleogel-disk was equivalent to the solid form (1 g CoQ10/three 00-size-capsules), whereas the repeated-dose study (14-days-administration) demonstrated a significantly higher increase in plasma CoQ10 when administered through the oleogel, which could be compatible with the levels necessary to achieve an adequate therapeutic response. |[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
15. HumanDesign, synthesis, and biological evaluation of aryl piperazines with potential as antidiabetic agents via the stimulation of glucose uptake and inhibition of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase.
    Eur J Med Chem, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 32645646DOI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112416
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:An aryl piperazine compound 3a (RTC1) has been described as a promoter of glucose uptake, in part through a cellular mechanism that involves inhibition of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase.
    • Key findings · abstract:We report herein the synthesis of 41 derivatives of 3a (RTC1) and a systematic structure-activity-relationship study where a number of compounds were shown to effectively stimulate glucose uptake in vitro and inhibit NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase.
    • Key findings · abstract:The hit compound 3a (RTC1) remained the most efficacious with a 2.57 fold increase in glucose uptake compared to vehicle control and micromolar inhibition of NA[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The hit compound 3a (RTC1) remained the most efficacious with a 2.57 fold increase in glucose uptake compared to vehicle control and micromolar inhibition of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (IC50 = 27 μM).
16. HumanA New Food-grade Coenzyme Q10 Formulation Improves Bioavailability: Single and Repeated Pharmacokinetic Studies in Healthy Volunteers.
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2019 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 31475897DOI 10.2174/1567201816666190902123147
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Improved absorption of coenzyme Q10 via a new delivery system would represent an important step forward in the use of coenzyme Q10 as a dietary supplement.
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the solubility and oral absorption in human healthy volunteers of a new food grade coenzyme Q10 phytosome formulation.
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: Solubility studies were performed in vitro in simulated gastrointestinal fluids; human studies were conducted in healthy volunteers to evaluate oral absorption in a Single dose study, in comparison with the coenzyme Q10 capsules, and in a repeated study at two inc[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:RESULTS: The highest solubility shown by coenzyme Q10 phytosome in simulated intestinal fluids results in an improvement in oral absorption of coenzyme Q10 in healthy volunteers, three times more than the coenzyme Q10 according to AUC (area under the time/concentration curve) values.
17. HumanBioavailability and Sustained Plasma Concentrations of CoQ10 in Healthy Volunteers by a Novel Oral Timed-Release Preparation.
    Nutrients, 2019 · Design: clinical trial · n: n = 12 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 30823449DOI 10.3390/nu11030527PMC6471387 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:This bioavailability study intended to explore the plasma concentration levels of a novel CoQ10 oral preparation (COQUN®, Coenzyme Q10 Miniactives Retard 100 mg capsules) mimicking assumption on a regular basis.
    • Key findings · abstract:Twenty-four healthy adults tested a single dose of CoQ10 100 mg in one day to assess bioavailability.
    • Key findings · abstract:During the single dose phase, Cmax was observed at 4 h, and the mean values of AUCt and Tmax were 8754 μg/mL·h and 4.29 h, respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:The multiple dose phase showed increasing plasma levels up to 7 days after the start of administration, and sustained high concentrations durin[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:During the single dose phase, Cmax was observed at 4 h, and the mean values of AUCt and Tmax were 8754 μg/mL·h and 4.29 h, respectively.
    • Tmax · abstract:During the single dose phase, Cmax was observed at 4 h, and the mean values of AUCt and Tmax were 8754 μg/mL·h and 4.29 h, respectively.
    • AUC · abstract:During the single dose phase, Cmax was observed at 4 h, and the mean values of AUCt and Tmax were 8754 μg/mL·h and 4.29 h, respectively.
    • Cmax · full text, Table 2:.96 3520.28 Range 5277.62–15,394.54 1671.77–3778.37 2173.31–6068.15 Coefficient of variation (%) 27 26 30 Interquartile range 2920.10 1025.78 1073.09 Cmax (μg/L) Mean (SD) 828.92 (233.09) 1163.99 (354.95) 1501.89 (474.64) CI 95% 730.49–927.35 938.46–1389.51 1200.32–1803.47 Median 830.37 1131.38 1495.78 Range 482.54–1438.45 679.81–1826.85 906.43–2441.84 Coefficient of variation (%) 28 30 32 Interqu
    • Cmax · full text, Section '3.2. Multiple Dose Phase':Despite values of the other pharmacokinetics parameters (Cmax, Tmax) remained higher for subjects treated by CoQ10 100 mg BID compared to ones with the OD dosing scheme, no statistically significant differences between groups were detected.
    • Tmax · full text, Table 2:.37 1131.38 1495.78 Range 482.54–1438.45 679.81–1826.85 906.43–2441.84 Coefficient of variation (%) 28 30 32 Interquartile range 283.69 542.84 759.72 Tmax (h */day **) Mean (SD) 4.29 (3.58) 17.5 (10.12) 16.92 (8.68) CI 95% 2.78–5.80 11.07–23.93 11.4–22.43 Median 4.00 14.00 14.00 Range 0–12 0–28 7–28 Coefficient of variation (%) 83 58 51 Interquartile range 2.50 17.50 17.50 T½ (h) Mean (SD) 8.88 (2
    • Tmax · full text, Section '3.1. Single Dose Phase':Among other parameters, Tmax values showed very high fluctuation with a minimum of 0 h (i.e., the maximum concentration was reached before CoQ10 oral intake) and a maximum of 12 h.
    • Tmax · full text, Section '3.2. Multiple Dose Phase':Despite values of the other pharmacokinetics parameters (Cmax, Tmax) remained higher for subjects treated by CoQ10 100 mg BID compared to ones with the OD dosing scheme, no statistically significant differences between groups were detected.
    • AUC · full text, Table 2:ple phase—ITT population. Pharmacokinetic Parameters Single Dose Phase(n = 24) Multiple Dose Phase Group A100 mg OD(n = 12) Group B100 mg BID(n = 12) AUCt (μg/mL·h) Mean (SD) 8754.34 (2382.03) 2657.45 (681.74) 3459.05 (1026.66) CI 95% 7748.41–9760.1 2224.29–3090.6 2806.75–4111.36 Median 8319.91 2490.96 3520.28 Range 5277.62–15,394.54 1671.77–3778.37 2173.31–6068.15 Coefficient of variation (%) 27
    • AUC · full text, Section '3.1. Single Dose Phase':The mean AUCt was 8754 μg/mL·h.
    • AUC · full text, Section '3.2. Multiple Dose Phase':The mean CoQ10 bioavailability (AUCt) in Group B (3459.05 µg/mL·h) was statistically higher than in Group A (2657.45 µg/mL·h) (p = 0.0345).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.1. Single Dose Phase':Males showed higher mean plasma concentrations compared to females at each time point (i.e., males: 759.79, 894.74, 844.33, 915.58, 840.01, and 772.41 μg/mL; females: 594.79, 628.38, 706.88, 700.34, 657.84, and 658.28 μg/mL, at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h, respectively).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.2. Multiple Dose Phase':Despite values of the other pharmacokinetics parameters (Cmax, Tmax) remained higher for subjects treated by CoQ10 100 mg BID compared to ones with the OD dosing scheme, no statistically significant differences between groups were detected.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.3. Adverse Events':Subjects randomized to treatment with 100 mg BID of CoQ10 did not show higher out-of-range liver values compared to subjects treated with the halved dose (100 mg OD).
18. HumanBioavailability of coenzyme Q10 supplements depends on carrier lipids and solubilization.
    Nutrition, 2019 · Design: crossover; double-blind · n: 14 volunteers · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 30153575DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.020
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVES: Bioavailability of supplements with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in humans seems to depend on the excipients of formulations and on physiological characteristics of the individuals.
    • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability was measured as area under the curve of plasma CoQ10 levels over 48 h after ingestion of a single dose.
    • Key findings · abstract:The two best absorbable formulations were soft-gel capsules containing ubiquinone (oxidized CoQ10) or ubiquinol (reduced CoQ10).
    • Key findings · abstract:The matrix used to dissolve CoQ10 and the proportion and addition of preservatives such as vitamin C affected the bioavailability of CoQ10.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSION: This[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:Bioavailability was measured as area under the curve of plasma CoQ10 levels over 48 h after ingestion of a single dose.
19. HumanThe Plasma Bioavailability of Coenzyme Q10 Absorbed from the Gut and the Oral Mucosa.
    J Funct Biomater, 2018 · Design: not stated · n: 11 participants · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 30558322DOI 10.3390/jfb9040073PMC6306788 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:The hydrophobicity exhibited by the CoQ10 molecule leads to reports of poor absorption profiles, therefore, the optimization of formulations and modes of delivery is an ever-evolving therapeutic goal.
    • Key findings · abstract:A significant inter-subject variation in the plasma level of CoQ10 at baseline that was observed to increase with an increase in age.
    • Key findings · abstract:Furthermore, it was observed that the intestinal absorption and bioavailability of CoQ10 varied significantly in the plasma between subjects, irrespective of whether the ubiquinol or ubiquinone forms were administered.
    • Key findings · abstract:The administration of CoQ10 as a liposom[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
20. HumanRelative bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 formulation for paediatric individualized therapy.
    J Pharm Pharmacol, 2017 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 27464712DOI 10.1111/jphp.12613
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVES: Conduct a preliminary comparison of the bioavailability between two formulations: commercial grade coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) powder (solid formulation) and a new oil-in-water liquid emulsion and their effect on other antioxidants.
    • Key findings · abstract:KEY FINDINGS: The differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve between 0-360 and 0-4 h, elimination half-life were statistically significant with a relative bioavailability of 489% increase over solid CoQ10 formulation.
    • Key findings · abstract:A multiple dose supplementation increased plasma CoQ10 levels in both formulations,[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:KEY FINDINGS: The differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve between 0-360 and 0-4 h, elimination half-life were statistically significant with a relative bioavailability of 489% increase over solid CoQ10 formulation.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:KEY FINDINGS: The differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve between 0-360 and 0-4 h, elimination half-life were statistically significant with a relative bioavailability of 489% increase over solid CoQ10 formulation.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:A multiple dose supplementation increased plasma CoQ10 levels in both formulations, liquid emulsion performing better (2.4- vs 3.9-fold for solid and liquid formulation, respectively) without modifications on other antioxidants.
21. Humanα-Tocopherol as functional excipient for resveratrol and coenzyme Q10-loaded SNEDDS for improved bioavailability and prophylaxis of breast cancer.
    J Drug Target, 2017 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 28274130DOI 10.1080/1061186X.2017.1298603
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:SNEDDS formulation components were rationally selected and optimized for maximum drug loading by applying the design of experiments and further evaluated for stability in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, functional stability of antioxidants, in vitro release, Caco-2 cell uptake, oral bioavailability and prophylactic anticancer activity.
    • Key findings · abstract:The functional activity of antioxidants was confirmed by 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay wherein significantly (p > .05) higher antioxidant activity was observed in case of SNEDDS as compared with free antioxidants.
    • Key findings · abstract:Coumarin 6 (C-6)-loa[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:In line with Caco-2 cell uptake observations, α-TOH-RES-CoQ10-SNEDDS showed ∼2.30- and ∼3.64-fold increase in the AUC0-∞ values of RES and CoQ10 in comparison with free antioxidants.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:In line with Caco-2 cell uptake observations, α-TOH-RES-CoQ10-SNEDDS showed ∼2.30- and ∼3.64-fold increase in the AUC0-∞ values of RES and CoQ10 in comparison with free antioxidants.
22. HumanPreparation and Characterization of Mucoadhesive Nanoparticles for Enhancing Cellular Uptake of Coenzyme Q10.
    J Agric Food Chem, 2017 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 28933847DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03300
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The mucoadhesive nanoparticles (NPs) for oral delivery of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) were prepared using natural mucoadhesive polysaccharides, chitosan (CS), and dextran sulfate sodium salt (DS) in order to improve the solubility, cellular uptake, and thermo- and photostability of CoQ10.
    • Key findings · abstract:The mucoadhesiveness and cellular uptake of NPs were evaluated by measuring the amount of mucin adsorbed on NPs and CoQ10 absorbed in Caco-2 cells, respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:Moreover, the solubility, cellular uptake, thermo- and photostability of CS/DS NPs were significantly improved compared with non-nanoencapsulated free[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:The mucoadhesiveness and cellular uptake of NPs were evaluated by measuring the amount of mucin adsorbed on NPs and CoQ10 absorbed in Caco-2 cells, respectively.
23. HumanRapid and sensitive analysis of reduced and oxidized coenzyme Q10 in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and application to studies in healthy human subjects.
    Ann Clin Biochem, 2016 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 26056391DOI 10.1177/0004563215593097PMC5105606 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma concentrations of coenzyme Q10 reflect net overall metabolic demand, and the ratio of ubiquinol-10:ubiquinone-10 has been established as an important biomarker for oxidative stress.
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: We developed a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 in human plasma, using coenzyme Q9 analogues as internal standards.
    • Key findings · abstract:We have applied this method to >300 plasma samples from coenzyme Q10 research studies in chronic haemodialysis patients and postsurgical patients.
24. HumanComparison study of plasma coenzyme Q10 levels in healthy subjects supplemented with ubiquinol versus ubiquinone.
    Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev, 2014 · Design: not stated · n: 12 healthy volunteers · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 27128225DOI 10.1002/cpdd.73
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability of the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol) was compared to oxidized coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) with identical soft gel capsule excipients by measuring steady state plasma coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) levels in 12 healthy volunteers.
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma total CoQ10 increased from 0.9 to 2.5 µg/mL (P < 0.001) after 4 weeks of ubiquinone and increased from 0.9 to 4.3 µg/mL (P < 0.001) after 4 weeks of ubiquinol.
    • Key findings · abstract:Both the increase in plasma CoQ10 and the increase in CoQ10 /cholesterol ratio were significantly better after ubiquinol (P < 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively) than after ubiquin[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
25. HumanIncreased bioavailability of ubiquinol compared to that of ubiquinone is due to more efficient micellarization during digestion and greater GSH-dependent uptake and basolateral secretion by Caco-2 cells.
    J Agric Food Chem, 2014 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 24979483DOI 10.1021/jf5017829
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The basis for this influence of redox state of coenzyme Q (CoQ) on bioavailability has been investigated using the coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model.
    • Key findings · abstract:Similarly, apical uptake from mixed micelles and transepithelial transport of CoQ by Caco-2 cells were significantly greater after digestion of the ubiquinol-rich yogurt compared to digested ubiquinone-rich yogurt.
26. HumanEffect of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation on antioxidant enzymes activity and oxidative stress of seminal plasma: a double-blind randomised clinical trial.
    Andrologia, 2014 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 23289958DOI 10.1111/and.12062
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Low seminal plasma concentrations of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) have been correlated with impaired sperm parameters, but the exact mechanism remains of dominating interest.
    • Key findings · abstract:This randomised, placebo-controlled study examined the effect of CoQ10 on catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and F2 -isoprostanes in seminal plasma in infertile men and their relation with CoQ10 concentration.
    • Key findings · abstract:CoQ10 group had higher catalase and SOD activity than the placebo group.
    • Key findings · abstract:Significant difference was shown between the mean of changes in seminal plasma 8-isoprostane in two groups (P = 0.003) after supplementation.
27. HumanCoenzyme Q10 protects human endothelial cells from β-amyloid uptake and oxidative stress-induced injury.
    PLoS One, 2014 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 25272163DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0109223PMC4182835 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'CoQ prevents β-amyloid-dependent increas':Administration of 5 µM Aβ25–35 for 3 h produced a 75% increase of Ca2+ levels compared with basal conditions.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'CoQ reduces β-amyloid entry and accumula':Preincubation of HUVECs with 5 µM CoQ resulted in a 10 m delay in the incorporation, accompanied by a 60% reduction in the maximum signal as compared with control cells (Figure 8, red line).
28. HumanPharmacokinetic comparison of a generic coenzyme Q₁₀ solubilizate and a formulation with soybean phytosterols.
    Phytother Res, 2012 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 22228560DOI 10.1002/ptr.3667
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma CoQ₁₀ was analysed at baseline, and at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h after supplement ingestion.
    • Key findings · abstract:The two preparations were bioequivalent in regard to the area under the curve (AUC(0-10h) ) and maximum increase in concentration (C(max) ), with geometric mean ratios of 0.89 (CI 0.81-0.98) and 0.88 (CI 0.80-0.96), respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:Four-weeks of CoQ₁₀ resulted in a comparable twofold increase in CoQ₁₀ levels for both formulations (p < 0.001), which was similar between preparations (p = 0.74).
    • Cmax · abstract:The two preparations were bioequivalent in regard to the area under the curve (AUC(0-10h) ) and maximum increase in concentration (C(max) ), with geometric mean ratios of 0.89 (CI 0.81-0.98) and 0.88 (CI 0.80-0.96), respectively.
    • AUC · abstract:The two preparations were bioequivalent in regard to the area under the curve (AUC(0-10h) ) and maximum increase in concentration (C(max) ), with geometric mean ratios of 0.89 (CI 0.81-0.98) and 0.88 (CI 0.80-0.96), respectively.
29. HumanPlasma vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 are not associated with a lower risk of acute myocardial infarction in Singapore Chinese adults.
    J Nutr, 2012 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 22513986DOI 10.3945/jn.111.155341PMC3349975 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Our objective was to examine the association of the plasma concentrations of vitamin E isomers (α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol and α-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienol) and CoQ10 (ubiquinol and ubiquinone) with the incidence of AMI.
    • Key findings · abstract:In the basic model, higher δ-tocopherol and ubiquinone concentrations were significantly associated with a higher risk of AMI, whereas there were no significant associations for the other vitamin E and CoQ10 isomers.
    • Key findings · abstract:We did not observe an inverse association between plasma concentrations of vitamin E isomers or CoQ10 and risk of AMI in Singapore Chinese.
    • Key findings · abstract:Our findings do not s[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
30. HumanRelative bioavailability comparison of different coenzyme Q10 formulations with a novel delivery system.
    Altern Ther Health Med, 2009 · Design: randomized; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 19284181
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Commercial coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, ubiquinone) formulations are often of poor intestinal absorption.
    • Key findings · abstract:The relative bioavailability of CoQ10 has been shown in National Institutes of Health-funded clinical trials to be increased by its delivery system.
    • Key findings · abstract:We investigated the bioavailability of a new CoQ10 formulation based on a new and patented technology, VESIsorb, with 3 other commercially available CoQ10 products, an oil-based formulation and 2 solubilizates.
    • Key findings · abstract:Twenty healthy male and female subjects participated in a double-blind, comparative (parallel design), controlled, single-dose (120 mg)
    • Cmax · abstract:To compare bioavailability, maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under curve from 0 to 10 hours (AUC(0-10h)) were assessed.
    • Cmax · abstract:The kinetic profiles of all CoQ10 preparations revealed a 1-peak plasma concentration-time course.
    • Cmax · abstract:Highest Cmax values were seen after colloidal-Q10 administration.
    • Cmax · abstract:Colloidal-Q10 not only had the highest plasma concentration levels after 1 hour, but it continued to increase before reaching Cmax at about 4 hours.
    • Cmax · abstract:Differences in Cmax and AUC between colloidal-Q10 and the 3 other formulations were statistically significant.
    • AUC · abstract:To compare bioavailability, maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under curve from 0 to 10 hours (AUC(0-10h)) were assessed.
    • AUC · abstract:The relative bioavailability calculated using the AUC(0-10h) values was also the highest for colloidal-Q10; the AUC(0-10h) values were 30.6, 6.1, 4.9, and 10.7 microg/mL*h for colloidal-Q10, solubilizate 1, the oil-based formulation, and solubilizate 2, respectively.
    • AUC · abstract:Differences in Cmax and AUC between colloidal-Q10 and the 3 other formulations were statistically significant.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The relative bioavailability of CoQ10 has been shown in National Institutes of Health-funded clinical trials to be increased by its delivery system.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The relative bioavailability calculated using the AUC(0-10h) values was also the highest for colloidal-Q10; the AUC(0-10h) values were 30.6, 6.1, 4.9, and 10.7 microg/mL*h for colloidal-Q10, solubilizate 1, the oil-based formulation, and solubilizate 2, respectively.
31. HumanRelative bioavailability of two forms of a novel water-soluble coenzyme Q10.
    Ann Nutr Metab, 2008 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 18645245DOI 10.1159/000129661
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:This complex is widely used as Q10Vital in the food industry, while its in vivo absorption in humans has not previously been studied.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The mean increase of CoQ10 plasma concentrations after dosing with Q10Vital forms was determined to be over the reference formulation and the area under the curve values, extrapolated to infinity (AUC(inf)), were also higher with the tested forms; statistically significant 120 and 79% increases over the reference were calculated for the Q10Vital liquid and powder, respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that the absorption and bioavailability[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:RESULTS: The mean increase of CoQ10 plasma concentrations after dosing with Q10Vital forms was determined to be over the reference formulation and the area under the curve values, extrapolated to infinity (AUC(inf)), were also higher with the tested forms; statistically significant 120 and 79% increases over the reference were calculated for the Q10Vital liquid and powder, respectively.
    • Food effect · abstract:Numerous health benefits of CoQ10 supplementation have been reported, resulting in growing demands for its use in fortifying food.
    • Food effect · abstract:This complex is widely used as Q10Vital in the food industry, while its in vivo absorption in humans has not previously been studied.
32. HumanIncrease of bioavailability of coenzyme Q(10) and vitamin E.
    J Med Food, 2007 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: 24 volunteers · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 18158850DOI 10.1089/jmf.2006.254
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Commercial coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) formulations often show poor intestinal absorption.
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma CoQ(10) and vitamin E were determined from predose until +14 hours.
    • Key findings · abstract:To compare bioavailability, corrected maximum concentration, time to reach maximum concentration, and area under the curve from 0 to 14 hours were assessed.
    • Key findings · abstract:Although identical amounts of CoQ(10) and vitamin E were administered, absolutely higher serum concentrations of the active ingredients were achieved by the NanoSolve formulation than by the pure materials in gelatin capsules.
    • Key findings · abstract:The bioavail[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:To compare bioavailability, corrected maximum concentration, time to reach maximum concentration, and area under the curve from 0 to 14 hours were assessed.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The bioavailability of CoQ(10) increased fivefold after administration of the NanoSolve formulation, and the bioavailability of vitamin E was enhanced 10-fold both compared to the pure substances.
33. HumanStudy on safety and bioavailability of ubiquinol (Kaneka QH) after single and 4-week multiple oral administration to healthy volunteers.
    Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 2007 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 16919858DOI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.07.001
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The safety and bioavailability of ubiquinol (the reduced form of coenzyme Q(10)), a naturally occurring lipid-soluble nutrient, were evaluated for the first time in single-blind, placebo-controlled studies with healthy subjects after administration of a single oral dose of 150 or 300 mg and after oral administration of 90, 150, or 300 mg for 4 weeks.
    • Key findings · abstract:The C(max) and AUC(0-48 h) derived from the mean plasma ubiquinol concentration-time curves increased non-linearly with dose from 1.88 to 3.19 micro g/ml and from 74.61 to 91.76 micro g h/ml, respectively, after single administration.
    • Key findings · abstract:In concl[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:The C(max) and AUC(0-48 h) derived from the mean plasma ubiquinol concentration-time curves increased non-linearly with dose from 1.88 to 3.19 micro g/ml and from 74.61 to 91.76 micro g h/ml, respectively, after single administration.
    • AUC · abstract:The C(max) and AUC(0-48 h) derived from the mean plasma ubiquinol concentration-time curves increased non-linearly with dose from 1.88 to 3.19 micro g/ml and from 74.61 to 91.76 micro g h/ml, respectively, after single administration.
34. HumanAssessment of coenzyme Q10 absorption using an in vitro digestion-Caco-2 cell model.
    Int J Pharm, 2007 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 17092667DOI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.10.007
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The feasibility of using a coupled in vitro digestion-Caco-2 cell uptake as a model for examining the digestive stability and absorption of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) from a variety of commercially available CoQ10 products was examined.
    • Key findings · abstract:The products were first subjected to simulated digestion to mimic their passage through the GI tract to generate micelles containing CoQ10, and the micelle fractions added to monolayers of Caco-2 cells to determine CoQ10 uptake.
    • Key findings · abstract:The data demonstrate enhanced uptake of CoQ10 from formulations containing solubilized forms of CoQ10 and also from a CoQ10-gamma-cyclod[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
35. HumanComparison of the relative bioavailability of different coenzyme Q10 formulations with a novel solubilizate (Solu Q10).
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2006 · Design: randomized · n: 54 healthy volunteers · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 17162333DOI 10.1080/09637480601058320
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The relative bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is markedly influenced by its delivery systems.
    • Key findings · abstract:The difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of maximum plasma concentration, time to reach the peak plasma concentration and area under the curve between 0 and 12 h was not statistically significant between formulations.
    • Key findings · abstract:Long-term supplementation resulted in significantly higher plasma levels (P<0.01) for all formulations, with Solu Q10 performing best.
    • Key findings · abstract:In summary, solubilizates were clearly superior to oily dispersions and crystalline CoQ10 in their overall bioavailability, with the[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:The difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of maximum plasma concentration, time to reach the peak plasma concentration and area under the curve between 0 and 12 h was not statistically significant between formulations.
    • AUC · abstract:Solubilizates showed earlier flooding compared with oily dispersions and crystalline CoQ10, resulting in significantly elevated area under the curve between 0 and 4 h (P<0.01 solubilizates versus crystalline).
    • AUC · abstract:The difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of maximum plasma concentration, time to reach the peak plasma concentration and area under the curve between 0 and 12 h was not statistically significant between formulations.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The relative bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is markedly influenced by its delivery systems.
36. HumanCoenzyme Q10 absorption and tolerance in children with Down syndrome: a dose-ranging trial.
    Pediatr Neurol, 2006 · Design: randomized · n: 16 children · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 16814082DOI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.11.004
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:This study compares low- and high-dose coenzyme Q(10) (LiQ-NOL syrup) absorption and tolerance in children with Down syndrome.
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma coenzyme Q(10) concentrations were determined initially and at each study visit.
    • Key findings · abstract:Study results indicate that high-dose coenzyme Q(10) (10 mg/kg/day) is well-absorbed and well-tolerated by most children with Down syndrome, and appears to provide plasma concentrations which are comparable to previous adult studies administering much higher coenzyme Q(10) dosages.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Study results indicate that high-dose coenzyme Q(10) (10 mg/kg/day) is well-absorbed and well-tolerated by most children with Down syndrome, and appears to provide plasma concentrations which are comparable to previous adult studies administering much higher coenzyme Q(10) dosages.
37. HumanEffect of ezetimibe and/or simvastatin on coenzyme Q10 levels in plasma: a randomised trial.
    Drug Saf, 2006 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 16872244DOI 10.2165/00002018-200629080-00007
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The purpose of this study was to examine (i) the effects of ezetimibe and simvastatin on plasma CoQ10 levels and (ii) whether ezetimibe coadministered with simvastatin abrogates the suggested statin-induced decrease in the CoQ10 plasma levels.
    • Key findings · abstract:CoQ10 level was independent of cholesterol synthesis or absorption markers.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: Simvastatin and the combination of simvastatin and ezetimibe significantly decrease plasma CoQ10 levels whereas ezetimibe monotherapy does not.
    • Key findings · abstract:Changes of CoQ10 levels are independent of cholesterol synthesis and absorption.
38. HumanA new Coenzyme Q10 tablet-grade formulation (all-Q) is bioequivalent to Q-Gel and both have better bioavailability properties than Q-SorB.
    J Med Food, 2005 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 16176154DOI 10.1089/jmf.2005.8.397
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Commercial Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, ubiquinone) formulations are often of poor intestinal absorption.
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma CoQ10 was determined from pre-dose until +36 hours.
    • Key findings · abstract:To compare bioavailability, corrected maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve from 0 to +14 hours [AUC(0-14 h)] were assessed and tested for bioequivalence.
    • Key findings · abstract:The bioequivalence ranges of 0.8-1.25 hour x microg/mL for AUC(0-14 h) and 0.75-1.33 microg/mL for Cmax were applied.
    • Key findings · abstract:In summary, the kinetic profiles of all CoQ10 preparations revealed a one-peak plasma concentration-time course.
    • Key findings · abstract:The AUC(0-14 h) values were hig[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:To compare bioavailability, corrected maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve from 0 to +14 hours [AUC(0-14 h)] were assessed and tested for bioequivalence.
    • Cmax · abstract:The bioequivalence ranges of 0.8-1.25 hour x microg/mL for AUC(0-14 h) and 0.75-1.33 microg/mL for Cmax were applied.
    • Cmax · abstract:In summary, the kinetic profiles of all CoQ10 preparations revealed a one-peak plasma concentration-time course.
    • AUC · abstract:To compare bioavailability, corrected maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve from 0 to +14 hours [AUC(0-14 h)] were assessed and tested for bioequivalence.
    • AUC · abstract:The bioequivalence ranges of 0.8-1.25 hour x microg/mL for AUC(0-14 h) and 0.75-1.33 microg/mL for Cmax were applied.
    • AUC · abstract:The AUC(0-14 h) values were highest for Q-Gel, narrowly followed by all-Q.
39. HumanEffect on absorption and oxidative stress of different oral Coenzyme Q10 dosages and intake strategy in healthy men.
    Biofactors, 2005 · Design: randomized · n: 60 healthy men · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 16873950DOI 10.1002/biof.5520250127
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:INTRODUCTION: The effect of various dosages and dose strategies of oral coenzyme Q(10) (Q(100) administration on serum Q(10) concentration and bioequivalence of various formulations are not fully known.
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum concentrations of Q(10) (average for groups) increased significantly 3-10 fold in the intervention groups compared with the placebo group.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: All supplementations increased serum levels of Q(10).
    • Key findings · abstract:Q(10) dissolved in an oil matrix was more effective than the same amount of crystalline Q(10) in raising Q(10) serum levels. 200 mg of oil/soft gel formulation of Q(10) caused a l[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Serum concentrations of Q(10) (average for groups) increased significantly 3-10 fold in the intervention groups compared with the placebo group.
    • Food effect · abstract:Blood samples were collected after 12 hours of overnight fasting at baseline and after 20 days of Q(10) administration.
40. HumanComparative bioavailability of two novel coenzyme Q10 preparations in humans.
    Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2003 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 12564745DOI 10.5414/cpp41042
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: To determine the absorptive properties of 2 novel coenzyme Q10 preparations, a fast-melting tablet and an effervescent tablet, compared with currently available formulations.
    • Key findings · abstract:MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the first trial, the absorptive properties of 4 different coenzyme Q10 preparations (fast-melting, effervescent, soft gelatin, and powder-filled hard shell) were studied in a randomized, single-dose, crossover study.
    • Key findings · abstract:Twenty-four male subjects were given a 60 mg dose of coenzyme Q10 and plasma coenzyme Q10 was measured over the next 12 hours.
    • Key findings · abstract:Pharmacokinetic properties including a[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:Pharmacokinetic properties including area under the curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) and elimination half-life (t 1/2) were measured.
    • Cmax · abstract:Cmax for the 2 novel formulations was also not statistically different from the soft gelatin or powder-filled preparations, 0.87 +/- 0.14 and 0.86 +/- 0.074 versus 0.70 +/- 0.010 and 0.81 +/- 0.159 (microg/ml).
    • Tmax · abstract:Pharmacokinetic properties including area under the curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) and elimination half-life (t 1/2) were measured.
    • Tmax · abstract:Tmax however, was significantly shorter for the fast-melting and effervescent formulations compared with the soft gel and powder-filled forms, 1.3 +/- 0.348 and 2.0 +/- 0.552 versus 3.7 +/- 0.702 and 4.1 +/- 0.993 (h), respectively.
    • AUC · abstract:Pharmacokinetic properties including area under the curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) and elimination half-life (t 1/2) were measured.
    • AUC · abstract:RESULTS: Area under the curve (microg/ml x h) for the fast-melting and effervescent formulations, while marginally greater, was not significantly different when compared to the soft gelatin and powder-filled preparations, 5.4 +/- 1.04 (110%) and 5.5 +/- 0.589 (112%) versus 5.0 +/- 0.859 (102%) and 4.9 +/- 0.812 (100%), respectively.
    • AUC · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: The novel fast-melting and effervescent formulations
41. HumanRelative bioavailability and antioxidant potential of two coenzyme q10 preparations.
    Ann Nutr Metab, 2003 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: 3 subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 12624483DOI 10.1159/000068910
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Daily supplementation of CoQ10 could protect against heart disease but the bioavailability of CoQ10 supplements depends on the formulation taken.
    • Key findings · abstract:We compared the bioavailability and antioxidant properties of two commercial CoQ10 formulations, a commercial grade CoQ10 powder (commercial grade CoQ) and a new BT-CoQ10 BIO-TRANSFORMED (BT-CoQ10) obtained by fermentation of a soy-based, CoQ10-rich media with baker's yeast.
    • Key findings · abstract:In 3 subjects, baseline plasma CoQ10 levels were lower prior to BT than prior to commercial grade CoQ treatment.
    • Key findings · abstract:In the remaining participants, ingestion of BT vs. commerci[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:In the remaining participants, ingestion of BT vs. commercial grade CoQ significantly increased maximum plasma CoQ10 concentration (+126%, p = 0.04) and tended to increase CoQ10 area under the curve from 0 to 24 h (+160%, p = 0.07).
    • Food effect · abstract:Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is synthesized by the human body and found in certain foods.
42. HumanPlasma ubiquinone status and response to six-month supplementation combined with multivitamins in healthy elderly women--results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
    Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 2003 · Design: randomized; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 12847998DOI 10.1024/0300-9831.73.3.207
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum coenzyme Q10 concentrations of healthy elderly women before and after supplementation with coenzyme Q10 combined with multivitamins, selenium, and magnesium.
    • Key findings · abstract:Median serum coenzyme Q10 concentration at baseline was 0.99 mumol/L (5-95 percentiles: 0.54-1.68) and cholesterol adjusted concentration was 0.16 (5-95 percentiles: 0.09-0.26) mmol/mol cholesterol.
    • Key findings · abstract:Cholesterol-adjusted Q10 levels were positively correlated to lipid-adjusted serum tocopherol levels and negatively associated to serum beta-carotene.
    • Key findings · abstract:No significant correlation existed bet[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
43. HumanCoenzyme Q10: absorption, antioxidative properties, determinants, and plasma levels.
    Free Radic Res, 2002 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 12069102DOI 10.1080/10715760290021234
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The purpose of this article is to summarise our studies, in which the main determinants and absorption of plasma coenzyme Q10 (Q10, ubiquinone) have been assessed, and the effects of moderate dose oral Q10 supplementation on plasma antioxidative capacity, lipoprotein oxidation resistance and on plasma lipid peroxidation investigated.
    • Key findings · abstract:Of the determinants of Q10, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, male gender, alcohol consumption and age were found to be associated positively with plasma Q10 concentration.
    • Key findings · abstract:A single dose of 30 mg of Q10, which is the maximum daily dose recommended by Q10[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Following supplementation, a dose-dependent increase in plasma Q10 levels was observed up to a daily dose of 200 mg, which resulted in a 6.1-fold increase in plasma Q10 levels.
44. HumanCoenzyme Q10 in plasma and erythrocytes: comparison of antioxidant levels in healthy probands after oral supplementation and in patients suffering from sickle cell anemia.
    Clin Chim Acta, 2002 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 12417107DOI 10.1016/s0009-8981(02)00328-5
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:BACKGROUND: The membrane-associated antioxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or ubiquinone-10 is frequently measured in serum or plasma.
    • Key findings · abstract:Total CoQ10 in erythrocytes was compared to the amounts of ubiquinone-10 and ubihydroquinone-10 in plasma using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection and internal standardisation (ubiquinone-9, ubihydroquinone-9).
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Investigations in 10 healthy probands showed that oral intake of CoQ10 (3 mg/kg/day) led to a short-term (after 5 h, 1.57+/-0.55 pmol/microl plasma) and long-term (after 14 days, 4.00+/-1.88 pmol/microl plasm[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
45. HumanSimilar therapeutic serum levels attained with emulsified and oil-based preparations of coenzyme Q10.
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2001 · Design: crossover; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 11708311DOI 10.1046/j.1440-6047.2001.00244.x
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Studies of the therapeutic efficacy of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) have been confounded by the variable bioavailability of numerous CoQ10 preparations.
    • Key findings · abstract:The aims of the present study were to determine the early serum levels attained by two different preparations of CoQ10, a soybean oil-based preparation and a complex micelle emulsion and to assess whether these preparations of oral CoQ10 influence plasma lipid profiles.
    • Key findings · abstract:Blood samples to determine serum levels of CoQ10 and lipids were taken at baseline, after 24 h and 7 days.
    • Key findings · abstract:Both preparations induced significant increases in serum CoQ10 levels a[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
46. HumanDoes gastrointestinal Candida albicans prevent ubiquinone absorption?
    Med Hypotheses, 2001 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 11735312DOI 10.1054/mehy.2001.1410
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Some patients, however, require much higher doses than others to attain a therapeutic CoQ10 blood level.
    • Key findings · abstract:Subsequent uptake and utilization of supplemental CoQ10 by the yeast could diminish availability for the human subject.
47. HumanRelative bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 formulations in human subjects.
    Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 1998 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 9565826
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The relative bioavailability of typical commercially available forms of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was compared with that of Q-Gel, a new solubilized form of CoQ10, in human subjects in two separate trials.
    • Key findings · abstract:The baseline plasma CoQ10 values were all very tight (0.50-0.52 microgram/mL) and after three weeks the values were 1.37, 1.63 and 1.60 micrograms/mL for the first three products and 3.31 micrograms/mL for Q-Gel.
    • Key findings · abstract:The relative bioavailability calculated using the areas under the plasma CoQ10 curve (AUC) were (micrograms/mL x time in days) 7.16 (100%), 8.97 (125%), 9.19 (128%) and for Q-Gel 22.
    • AUC · abstract:The relative bioavailability calculated using the areas under the plasma CoQ10 curve (AUC) were (micrograms/mL x time in days) 7.16 (100%), 8.97 (125%), 9.19 (128%) and for Q-Gel 22.86 (319%).
    • AUC · abstract:Plasma CoQ10 values were: baseline 0.40 and 0.38 and after four weeks 1.26 and 2.80; the corresponding AUCs were: 8.33 (100%) and 22.75 (273%).
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The relative bioavailability of typical commercially available forms of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was compared with that of Q-Gel, a new solubilized form of CoQ10, in human subjects in two separate trials.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The relative bioavailability calculated using the areas under the plasma CoQ10 curve (AUC) were (micrograms/mL x time in days) 7.16 (100%), 8.97 (125%), 9.19 (128%) and for Q-Gel 22.86 (319%).
48. HumanBioavailability of two different formulations of coenzyme Q10 in healthy subjects.
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1998 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: 12 men · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 24394896
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) formulated as an emulsion in a soft gelatin capsule (Ensorb(TM), NDS Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia) was compared with a hard gelatin powder-filled capsule.
    • Key findings · abstract:The plasma concentration of coenzyme Q10 peaked between 3 and 4 h after administration of both preparations.
    • Key findings · abstract:The area under the curve (AUC) of Ensorb™ was 927% higher than that observed with the powder-filled capsule (P < 0.0001), suggesting that this emulsion preparation has a higher bioavailability.
    • AUC · abstract:The area under the curve (AUC) of Ensorb™ was 927% higher than that observed with the powder-filled capsule (P < 0.0001), suggesting that this emulsion preparation has a higher bioavailability.
49. HumanAbsorption, tolerability, and effects on mitochondrial activity of oral coenzyme Q10 in parkinsonian patients.
    Neurology, 1998 · Design: not stated · n: 15 subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 9521279DOI 10.1212/wnl.50.3.793
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Oral CoQ10 caused a substantial increase in the plasma CoQ10 level.
50. HumanPlasma coenzyme Q10 concentrations in breast cancer: prognosis and therapeutic consequences.
    Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1998 · Design: not stated · n: 200 women · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 9760013
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
51. HumanGemfibrozil-induced decrease in serum ubiquinone and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol levels in men with combined hyperlipidaemia.
    Eur J Clin Invest, 1998 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: 21 men · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 9568470DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1998.00262.x
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: The present randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study of 21 men with combined hyperlipidaemia examines whether 10-12 weeks of gemfibrozil treatment affects the serum concentrations of the antioxidants ubiquinone-10 or alpha- or gamma-tocopherol.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Gemfibrozil treatment lowered plasma triglycerides and both total and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol (P < 0.001 for all by ANOVA), whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol increased (P < 0.001).
    • Key findings · abstract:The median serum levels of ubiquinone-10 decreased from 1.30 mumol L-1 (interquartile range 0.87-1.71 mu[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
52. HumanEffect of oral coenzyme Q10 supplementation on the oxidation resistance of human VLDL+LDL fraction: absorption and antioxidative properties of oil and granule-based preparations.
    Free Radic Biol Med, 1997 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 9098093DOI 10.1016/s0891-5849(96)00549-7
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Oil-based capsule elevated Q10 in plasma by 178% and in VLDL+LDL fraction by 160%.
    • Key findings · abstract:The granular preparation increased Q10 in plasma by 168% and in VLDL+LDL by 127%.
    • Key findings · abstract:However, the 2-month Q10 supplementation did not increase the oxidation resistance of VLDL+LDL fraction, as assessed by copper induced VLDL+LDL oxidation, haemin+H(2)O(2)-induced VLDL+LDL oxidation, total antioxidative capacity of LDL, and plasma malondialdehyde measurements.
    • Key findings · abstract:The first and the last dose was used to carry out a 12 h pharmacokinetic study (five subjects per group), which indicated that only a small part of supp[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:The first and the last dose was used to carry out a 12 h pharmacokinetic study (five subjects per group), which indicated that only a small part of supplemented Q10 was absorbed to the circulation in 12 h and that the absorption varied extensively between subjects.
53. HumanSimultaneous detection of ubiquinol and ubiquinone in human plasma as a marker of oxidative stress.
    Anal Biochem, 1997 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 9234900DOI 10.1006/abio.1997.2187
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:A method is described for the simultaneous detection of ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 in human plasma.
    • Key findings · abstract:In this procedure, heparinized human plasma was mixed with 5 vol of methanol and 10 vol of hexane.
    • Key findings · abstract:The detection limit of plasma ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 is about 4 nM with excellent reproducibilities.
    • Key findings · abstract:In addition, free cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters can be quantified by their absorption at 210 nm.
    • Key findings · abstract:Using this method we have determined the ratio of ubiquinol to ubiquinone is about 95/5 in human plasma from healthy donors.
54. HumanNo effect of supplementation with vitamin E, ascorbic acid, or coenzyme Q10 on oxidative DNA damage estimated by 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine excretion in smokers.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 1997 · Design: randomized · n: n = 20 · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
    PMID 9022536DOI 10.1093/ajcn/65.2.503
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The trial outcome was the urinary excretion rate of 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG)-a repair product of oxidative DNA damage.
    • Key findings · abstract:Two months of supplementation did not result in significant changes in the urinary excretion rate of 8-oxodG in any group.
    • Key findings · abstract:The lack of effect of antioxidant supplementation on the excretion rate of 8-oxodG, despite substantial increases in plasma antioxidant concentrations, agrees with the results from recent large intervention studies with cancer as an endpoint.
55. HumanBioavailability of four oral coenzyme Q10 formulations in healthy volunteers.
    Mol Aspects Med, 1994 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 7752839DOI 10.1016/0098-2997(94)90038-8
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability of four different Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) formulations was compared in ten healthy volunteers in a four-way randomised cross-over trial.
56. HumanA one year bioavailability study of coenzyme Q10 with 3 months withdrawal period.
    Mol Aspects Med, 1994 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 7752840DOI 10.1016/0098-2997(94)90039-6
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
57. HumanEffect of dietary coenzyme Q10 as an antioxidant in human plasma.
    Mol Aspects Med, 1994 · Design: not stated · n: 22 volunteers · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 7752850DOI 10.1016/0098-2997(94)90018-3
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The levels of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS) and the redox status of CoQ10 (reduced CoQ10/total CoQ10) were measured in plasma as markers for the antioxidative status once a week during the study period.
    • Key findings · abstract:The constant redox level of CoQ10 during the CoQ10 supplementation shows that the exogenous CoQ10 is reduced during absorption and subsequent incorporation into lipoproteins, which is a prerequisite for its antioxidative function.
    • Key findings · abstract:The fish oil supplementation resulted in a higher TBARS level and a lower alpha-tocopherol level, but the redox level of[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
58. HumanActivity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase does not respond to ubiquinone uptake in cultured cells.
    Biochem J, 1987 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 3689319DOI 10.1042/bj2460441PMC1148294 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The cellular content of ubiquinone was increased approx. 10-fold by incubation of neuroblastoma cells in medium containing exogenous ubiquinone.
    • Key findings · abstract:Consistent with the lack of suppression of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate of incorporation of [1-14C] acetate into ubiquinone was not diminished in cells exposed to exogenous ubiquinone.
    • Key findings · abstract:Measurements of [3H]mevalonolactone incorporation into cellular ubiquinones indicated that exogenous ubiquinone did not affect ubiquinone synthesis at a point in the pathway distal to the formation of mevalonate.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The cellular content of ubiquinone was increased approx. 10-fold by incubation of neuroblastoma cells in medium containing exogenous ubiquinone.
59. HumanPharmacokinetic study of deuterium-labelled coenzyme Q10 in man.
    Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol, 1986 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 3781673
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The absence of an isotope effect in the disposition of d5-CoQ10 in man was confirmed from the plasma concentration time curves after simultaneous oral dosing of d5-CoQ10 and unlabelled CoQ10.
    • Key findings · abstract:After oral administration of 100 mg of d5-CoQ10 to 16 healthy male subjects, the mean plasma CoQ10 level attained a peak of 1.004 +/- 0.370 micrograms/ml at 6.5 +/- 1.5 h after administration, and the terminal elimination half-life was 33.19 +/- 5.32 h.
    • Key findings · abstract:In most of the subjects, plasma d5-CoQ10 showed a second peak at 24 h after dosing.
    • Key findings · abstract:This unusual plasma level curve was well described by a newly pr[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:This unusual plasma level curve was well described by a newly proposed compartment model based upon the assumption that absorbed CoQ10 is taken up by the liver and then transferred mainly to VLDL and redistributed from the liver to the systemic blood.
60. PigOleyl-hyaluronate nanoparticles for enhanced peroral bioavailability of encapsulated Coenzyme Q10.
    Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2026 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 41946825DOI 10.1007/s13346-026-02098-6
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In this work, we developed an oral delivery system based on oleyl-hyaluronate (O-HA) for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a lipophilic antioxidant with limited solubility and low bioavailability.
    • Key findings · abstract:In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation in mice confirmed a 72% increase in systemic bioavailability relative to the clinical gold-standard oil-based control.
61. PigCoenzyme Q10 in the diet--daily intake and relative bioavailability.
    Mol Aspects Med, 1997 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 9266531DOI 10.1016/s0098-2997(97)00003-4
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:To investigate if coenzyme Q10 was absorbed to any significant degree from a food item, a randomized cross-over study with single doses of coenzyme Q10 (30 mg/person), administered either as a meal or as capsules, was carried out in healthy subjects.
    • Key findings · abstract:The serum coenzyme Q10 concentration increased significantly, and the maximum concentrations did not differ significantly for the two forms of administration.
    • Key findings · abstract:The study indicates that coenzyme Q10 is present in food items and absorbed to a significant degree.
    • Key findings · abstract:Thus, dietary coenzyme Q10 may contribute to the plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:To investigate if coenzyme Q10 was absorbed to any significant degree from a food item, a randomized cross-over study with single doses of coenzyme Q10 (30 mg/person), administered either as a meal or as capsules, was carried out in healthy subjects.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:The study indicates that coenzyme Q10 is present in food items and absorbed to a significant degree.
    • Food effect · abstract:To investigate if coenzyme Q10 was absorbed to any significant degree from a food item, a randomized cross-over study with single doses of coenzyme Q10 (30 mg/person), administered either as a meal or as capsules, was carried out in healthy subjects.
62. PigPharmacokinetics of coenzyme Q10 in recovery of acute sensorineural hearing loss due to hypoxia.
    Acta Otolaryngol Suppl, 1988 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 3245440DOI 10.3109/00016488809125110
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
63. RodentMulti-compartment pharmacokinetics and tissue bioavailability of Coenzyme Q10 from a phospholipid-based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system in rats: a distribution pattern consistent with a possible lymphatic contribution.
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2026 · Design: not stated · n: n = 3 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 42559755DOI 10.1080/03639045.2026.2708958
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a proprietary phospholipid-based self-nanoemulsifying CoQ10 delivery system using an integrated multi-compartment framework encompassing plasma pharmacokinetics, erythrocyte uptake, tissue distribution, and distribution-based indicators consistent with a possible contribution of intestinal lymphatic transport.
    • Key findings · abstract:SIGNIFICANCE: Current CoQ10 SNEDDS studies primarily assess plasma bioavailability, with limited evidence regarding intracellular delivery, tissue distribution, or absorption pathway modulation.
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma, erythrocyte, and tissue CoQ10 concentrations were quantif[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:In vivo, the SNEDDS increased plasma Cmax 2.7-fold and AUC0-24 h 1.5-fold versus crystalline CoQ10 (relative bioavailability 149%).
    • AUC · abstract:In vivo, the SNEDDS increased plasma Cmax 2.7-fold and AUC0-24 h 1.5-fold versus crystalline CoQ10 (relative bioavailability 149%).
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:In vivo, the SNEDDS increased plasma Cmax 2.7-fold and AUC0-24 h 1.5-fold versus crystalline CoQ10 (relative bioavailability 149%).
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Erythrocyte CoQ10 concentrations and tissue deposition increased across all organs examined (1.3-4.5-fold).
64. RodentAn Improvement of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats by Ubiquinone-10 and Ubiquinol-10 and Bioavailability after Short- and Long-Term Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation.
    J Diet Suppl, 2016 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 27064932DOI 10.3109/19390211.2016.1164788
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability in normal rats was additionally assessed in various tissues and subcellular fractions after short-term and long-term coenzyme Q10 supplementation.
    • Key findings · abstract:Ubiquinol-10 was better absorbed in the liver and pancreas than ubiquinone-10, though both were similarly effective.
    • Key findings · abstract:In bioavailability study, a longer period of coenzyme Q10 supplementation did not lead to its accumulation in tissues or organelles.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Ubiquinol-10 was better absorbed in the liver and pancreas than ubiquinone-10, though both were similarly effective.
    • Food effect · abstract:Elevated nonfasting blood glucose and blood pressure in diabetic rats were decreased by ubiquinone-10.
65. RodentApolipoprotein A1 regulates coenzyme Q10 absorption, mitochondrial function, and infarct size in a mouse model of myocardial infarction.
    J Nutr, 2014 · Design: not stated · n: 6 mice · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 24759932DOI 10.3945/jn.113.184291PMC4056643 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
66. RodentComparison of uptake between PureSorb-Q40 and regular hydrophobic coenzyme Q10 in rats and humans after single oral intake.
    J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 2007 · Design: randomized · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (gold)
    PMID 17616008DOI 10.3177/jnsv.53.187PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:However, as CoQ10 is extremely lipid-soluble, absorption by the body is not easy.
    • Key findings · abstract:PureSorb-Q40 (P40) was developed to improve CoQ10 processability and absorption when taken without food, and the present study compared the effects of food on absorption between P40 and conventional lipid-soluble CoQ10 in rats and humans.
    • Key findings · abstract:The results of a rat study showed higher uptake when P40 was administered in the fasting state or with food compared to lipid-soluble CoQ10.
    • Key findings · abstract:The results of a human study showed that uptake was favorable when P40 was administered in the fasting state, and even when administ[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:These results show that any CoQ10 product using P40 can be quickly and reliably absorbed by the body regardless of dosage form or intake time.
    • Food effect · abstract:In general, people use soft-gel capsules in which CoQ10 is suspended in oil, and take these capsules with food.
    • Food effect · abstract:The results of a rat study showed higher uptake when P40 was administered in the fasting state or with food compared to lipid-soluble CoQ10.
    • Food effect · abstract:The results of a human study showed that uptake was favorable when P40 was administered in the fasting state, and even when administered postprandially, a significant difference was noted in uptake rate up to 6 h after intake and uptake volume up to 8 h after intake when compared to lipid-soluble CoQ10.
    • AUC · full text, p.2:ing an oral tube by dis- unpaired t-test was used to compare uptake rate at 6 h solving CoQ10 at 3.33 mg/kg body weight (for humans, after intake and area under the blood drug concentra- 200 mg/60 kg body weight). Q10 oil was administered tion-time curve for up to 8 h after intake (AUC) as follows: A commercially available soft-gel capsule between the fasting and postprandial groups, and was cut
    • AUC · full text, p.3:. Unit is g/mL. Fig. 2. Changes in serum coenzyme Q10 concentrations in humans after single oral intake of 60 mg. Values rep- Fig. 3. Comparison of AUC0–8 between fasting and resent mean ±SE (n
      10).
      , P40 (After meals); , P40 after-meals groups in humans. Values represent mean (Fasting); , Q10 oil (After meals); , Q10 oil (Fasting). ±SE (n
      10). * p0.01 versus Fasting (P40). ** p0.01 versus
    • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.3:used to measure the absorp- intake for the postprandial P40 group (0.065 tion of exogenous CoQ10 or CoQ sufficiency in the body. 0.015 g/mL/h) was 2.6-fold faster than that for the However, marked differences have been seen in postprandial Q10 oil group (p0.05). increased serum CoQ10 levels due to intake of exoge- To confirm the uptake volume of orally ingested exog- nous CoQ10. This may be att
    • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.4:the 7) Nakamura T. 2001. (2) Seigousei to taisha. Vitamins 75: fact that the uptake rate for the postprandial P40 group 273–278. 6 h after intake was 2.6-fold faster compared to the 8) Turunen M, Olsson J, Dallner G. 2004. Metabolism and postprandial Q10 oil group. function of coenzyme Q. Biochim Biophys Acta 1660: In the present study, the second peak in serum CoQ10 171–199. 9) Frei B, Kim MC, Am
    • Food effect · full text, p.1:pid-soluble, absorption by the body is not easy. In general, people use soft-gel capsules in which CoQ10 is suspended in oil, and take these capsules with food. PureSorb-QTM40 (P40) was developed to improve CoQ10 processability and absorption when taken without food, and the present study compared the effects of food on absorption between P40 and conventional lipid-solu- ble CoQ10 in rats and huma
    • Food effect · full text, p.2:al data were expressed as meanSE. (n
      12, ad libitum access to food and P40 administra- Uptake rate was calculated based on the slope of serum tion); fasting P40 group (overnight fasting (12 h from CoQ10 level at 6 h after intake. Unpaired t-tests were 20:00 to 08:00 the next morning) and P40 administra- used to compare serum CoQ10 levels at 6 h after intake tion); prandial Q10 oil group (ad libit
    • Food effect · full text, p.3:centration in rats after single oral intake of 3.33mg/kg. 6 h after the start of intake 10 h after the start of intake 24 h after the start of intake FastingP40 0.3530.030 0.3680.025 0.3900.025 FeedP40 0.3700.015 0.3800.032 0.3680.011 FastingQ10 oil 0.3600.032 0.3700.018 0.3900.026 FeedQ10 oil 0.3530.011 0.3700.021 0.3780.040 Serum coenzyme Q9 concentration of control group is 0.37
    • Form comparison · full text, p.1:lipid-solu- ble CoQ10 in rats and humans. The results of a rat study showed higher uptake when P40 was administered in the fasting state or with food compared to lipid-soluble CoQ10. The results of a human study showed that uptake was favorable when P40 was administered in the fasting state, and even when administered postprandially, a significant difference was noted in uptake rate up to 6 h afte
    • Form comparison · full text, p.2:lood in rats after single oral intake of 3.33 mg/kg. Values was centrifuged at 800g for 10 min, and the resulting represent mean ±SE (n
      4). * p0.05 versus Q10 oil serum was subjected to the above-mentioned methods intake (Feed). ** p0.01 versus Q10 oil intake (Fast- to quantify reduced and total CoQ levels. ing).
      , FeedP40; , FastingP40; , FeedQ10 oil; Data analysis. In the rat single-dos
    • Form comparison · full text, p.3:er meals); , P40 after-meals groups in humans. Values represent mean (Fasting); , Q10 oil (After meals); , Q10 oil (Fasting). ±SE (n
      10). * p0.01 versus Fasting (P40). ** p0.01 versus Q10 oil (After meals) pared to 0.0210.003 g/mL/h for the fasting P40 group. symptoms, physiological test findings and clinical labo- Human serum CoQ10 levels following CoQ10 intake (Figs. 2, ratory test findin
67. Other animalOil phase-driven nanoemulsions improve CoQ10 stability, in vitro bioaccessibility and ex vivo intestinal uptake.
    Food Res Int, 2026 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 41895943DOI 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.118862
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In this study, CoQ10-loaded nanoemulsions were fabricated using high-pressure homogenization with three edible oil phases (sunflowerseed oil, flaxseed oil, and soybean oil) to elucidate how oil phase composition governs physicochemical behavior, digestive fate, and absorption.
    • Key findings · abstract:During in vitro digestion, sunflowerseed (49.6%) and flaxseed (53.0%) oil nanoemulsions achieved markedly higher CoQ10 bioaccessibility than soybean oil (24.7%), indicating improved micellarization efficiency driven by lipid composition.
    • Key findings · abstract:Ex vivo rat intestinal studies further demonstrated that flaxseed oil nanoemulsi[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
68. Other animalOptimized self-microemulsifying drug delivery system improves the oral bioavailability and brain delivery of coenzyme Q10.
    Drug Deliv, 2022 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 35850616DOI 10.1080/10717544.2022.2100515PMC9848412 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Our study aimed to develop a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for the poorly aqueous-soluble drug Coenzyme Q10, to improve the dissolution and the oral bioavailability.
    • Key findings · abstract:The drug dissolution of the optimized formulation conducted over 8 h in phosphate buffer medium (pH 6.8) was significantly higher when compared to that of the Coenzyme Q10 suspension.
    • Key findings · abstract:A pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed a 4.5-fold and a 4.1-fold increase in the area under curve and the peak plasma concentration values generated by the optimized formulation respectively, as compared to the Coenzyme Q10 suspens[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:A pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed a 4.5-fold and a 4.1-fold increase in the area under curve and the peak plasma concentration values generated by the optimized formulation respectively, as compared to the Coenzyme Q10 suspension.
    • AUC · abstract:A pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed a 4.5-fold and a 4.1-fold increase in the area under curve and the peak plasma concentration values generated by the optimized formulation respectively, as compared to the Coenzyme Q10 suspension.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:A pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed a 4.5-fold and a 4.1-fold increase in the area under curve and the peak plasma concentration values generated by the optimized formulation respectively, as compared to the Coenzyme Q10 suspension.
    • Cmax · full text, Table 7.:formulation at an equivalent dose of 60 mg/kg of CoQ10 in rats. Parameters CoQ10 Suspension CoQ10 SMEDDS AUC0-24 h (µg . h/mL) 3.8 ± 1.3 17.42 ± 2.3 Cmax (µg/mL) 0.37 ± 0.09 1.54 ± 0.62 Tmax (h) 4.0 ± 0.1 8.0 ± 0.32 RBA (%) _ 458.42
    • Cmax · full text, Section ' In vivo pharmacokinetics of CoQ10 in ra':The SMEDDS had a significantly higher AUC (17.42 ± 2.3 µg.h/mL) and Cmax (1.54 ± 0.62 µg/mL) and in fact, the AUC and Cmax values of the SMEDDS were more than four times higher than those of the CoQ10 suspension (AUC: 3.8 ± 1.3 µg.h/mL;
    • Cmax · full text, Section ' In vivo pharmacokinetics of CoQ10 in ra':Cmax: 0.37 ± 0.09 µg/mL).
    • Tmax · full text, Table 7.:60 mg/kg of CoQ10 in rats. Parameters CoQ10 Suspension CoQ10 SMEDDS AUC0-24 h (µg . h/mL) 3.8 ± 1.3 17.42 ± 2.3 Cmax (µg/mL) 0.37 ± 0.09 1.54 ± 0.62 Tmax (h) 4.0 ± 0.1 8.0 ± 0.32 RBA (%) _ 458.42
    • Tmax · full text, Section ' In vivo pharmacokinetics of CoQ10 in ra':On the other hand, the CoQ10 SMEDDS formulation appeared late in terms of the Tmax (8.0 ± 0.32 h), when compared the CoQ10 suspension (4.0 ± 0.1 h).
    • AUC · full text, Table 7.:CoQ10 suspension and optimized CoQ10 SMEDDS formulation at an equivalent dose of 60 mg/kg of CoQ10 in rats. Parameters CoQ10 Suspension CoQ10 SMEDDS AUC0-24 h (µg . h/mL) 3.8 ± 1.3 17.42 ± 2.3 Cmax (µg/mL) 0.37 ± 0.09 1.54 ± 0.62 Tmax (h) 4.0 ± 0.1 8.0 ± 0.32 RBA (%) _ 458.42
    • AUC · full text, Section ' In vivo pharmacokinetics of CoQ10 in ra':The SMEDDS had a significantly higher AUC (17.42 ± 2.3 µg.h/mL) and Cmax (1.54 ± 0.62 µg/mL) and in fact, the AUC and Cmax values of the SMEDDS were more than four times higher than those of the CoQ10 suspension (AUC: 3.8 ± 1.3 µg.h/mL;
    • Food effect · full text, Section 'Treatment of animals for pharmacokinetic':Rats were fasted approximately for 10 h prior to blood collection.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Solubility of CoQ10 in selected excipien':On the other hand, LG exhibited maximum solubility of CoQ10 (67.89 ± 10.47 mg/mL) as compared to other co-surfactants.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Solubility of CoQ10 in selected excipien':Similarly, GEL demonstrated the maximum solubility of 0.2587 ± 0.035 mg/mg as compared to other surfactants.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section ' In vivo pharmacokinetics of CoQ10 in ra':The study of the brain tissue distribution characteristics of CoQ10 suggests a significant delivery of CoQ10 at the 8th h (1.60 ± 0.32 ng/mL) in the CoQ10 SMEDDS formulation as compared to that of the 4th h (1.20 ± 0.30 ng/mL) (Figure 7).
69. Other animalEnhancing solubility and bioavailability of coenzyme Q10: formulation of solid dispersions using Soluplus® as a carrier.
    Arch Pharm Res, 2022 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 35128573DOI 10.1007/s12272-022-01368-4
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The solubility of the optimal SD formulation (SD 1:7) was approximately 9000-fold higher than that of crystalline CoQ10, and the increment was Soluplus® concentration dependent.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The solubility of the optimal SD formulation (SD 1:7) was approximately 9000-fold higher than that of crystalline CoQ10, and the increment was Soluplus® concentration dependent.
70. Other animalImproved water dispersion and bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 by bacterial cellulose nanofibers.
    Carbohydr Polym, 2022 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 34823798DOI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118788
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of bacterial cellulose nanofiber suspension (BCNs) as stabilizer in anti-solvent precipitation and its effect on improving bioavailability of coenzyme Q10.
    • Key findings · abstract:In oral bioavailability studies, the area under curve (AUC) of CoQ10-BCNs was about 3.62 times higher than the raw CoQ10 in rats.
    • AUC · abstract:In oral bioavailability studies, the area under curve (AUC) of CoQ10-BCNs was about 3.62 times higher than the raw CoQ10 in rats.
71. Other animalNovel Cationic Prodrug of Ubiquinol-10 Enhances Intestinal Absorption via Efficient Formation of Nanosized Mixed-Micelles with Bile Acid Anions.
    Molecules, 2020 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 32012733DOI 10.3390/molecules25030546PMC7037610 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability of UqH-10 is hampered by its high susceptibility to oxidation and water-insolubility.
    • Key findings · abstract:The oral bioavailability of UqH-10 after administration of UqH-derivatives or Uq-10 was determined in fasted and postprandial rats secreting normal and high levels of bile, respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:In fasted rats, plasma UqH-10 after UqH-derivatives administration reached Cmax at 2-3 h and after Uq-10 administration, it remained low.
    • Key findings · abstract:The AUC0-24h of UqH-10 after UqH-derivatives administration was 2-3-fold higher than that after Uq-10 administration.
    • Key findings · abstract:In conclusion, cationic UqH-derivatives are con[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:In fasted rats, plasma UqH-10 after UqH-derivatives administration reached Cmax at 2-3 h and after Uq-10 administration, it remained low.
    • Tmax · abstract:In postprandial rats, the Tmax of UqH-10 after UqH-derivatives administration was an hour earlier than after Uq-10 administration.
    • AUC · abstract:The AUC0-24h of UqH-10 after UqH-derivatives administration was 2-3-fold higher than that after Uq-10 administration.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The AUC0-24h of UqH-10 after UqH-derivatives administration was 2-3-fold higher than that after Uq-10 administration.
    • Food effect · abstract:The oral bioavailability of UqH-10 after administration of UqH-derivatives or Uq-10 was determined in fasted and postprandial rats secreting normal and high levels of bile, respectively.
    • Food effect · abstract:In fasted rats, plasma UqH-10 after UqH-derivatives administration reached Cmax at 2-3 h and after Uq-10 administration, it remained low.
    • Food effect · abstract:In postprandial rats, the Tmax of UqH-10 after UqH-derivatives administration was an hour earlier than after Uq-10 administration.
    • Cmax · full text, Table 2:n fasted and postprandial rats. Parameters Uq-10 UqH-4-DMG UqH-DMG Uq-10 UqH-4-DMG UqH-DMG Fasted Postprandial n 4 5 6 3 3 3 Dose (μmol·kg−1) 40.5 Cmax (μmol·L−1) 0.143 ± 0.0826 0.763 ± 0.209 0.800 ± 0.157 1.99 ± 0.472 3.01 ± 0.423 2.24 ± 0.110 Tmax (h) 1 2 3 4 3 3 AUC0-24h(μmol·L−1·h) 2.16 ± 0.878 7.13 ± 1.71 5.10 ± 1.57 35.0 ± 1.78 39.3 ± 6.78 34.4 ± 6.51 MRT (h) 8.56 ± 1.96 8.96 ± 0.710 8.43
    • Cmax · full text, Section '2.5. Plasma Concentrations of UqH-10 aft':Plasma UqH-10 levels after the administration of UqH-4-DMG and UqH-DMG were significantly elevated and reached Cmax at 2 and 3 h, respectively.
    • Tmax · full text, Table 2:Postprandial n 4 5 6 3 3 3 Dose (μmol·kg−1) 40.5 Cmax (μmol·L−1) 0.143 ± 0.0826 0.763 ± 0.209 0.800 ± 0.157 1.99 ± 0.472 3.01 ± 0.423 2.24 ± 0.110 Tmax (h) 1 2 3 4 3 3 AUC0-24h(μmol·L−1·h) 2.16 ± 0.878 7.13 ± 1.71 5.10 ± 1.57 35.0 ± 1.78 39.3 ± 6.78 34.4 ± 6.51 MRT (h) 8.56 ± 1.96 8.96 ± 0.710 8.43 ± 0.956 12.2 ± 0.971 9.12 ± 0.565 11.5 ± 0.525
    • Tmax · full text, Section '2.5. Plasma Concentrations of UqH-10 aft':Although there are little differences in the AUC0-24h values of UqH-10 between Uq-10 and UqH-prodrugs administrations under abundant bile secretion conditions, the UqH-prodrugs brought forward the Tmax of plasma UqH to an hour earlier than after Uq-10 administration.
    • AUC · full text, Table 2:6 3 3 3 Dose (μmol·kg−1) 40.5 Cmax (μmol·L−1) 0.143 ± 0.0826 0.763 ± 0.209 0.800 ± 0.157 1.99 ± 0.472 3.01 ± 0.423 2.24 ± 0.110 Tmax (h) 1 2 3 4 3 3 AUC0-24h(μmol·L−1·h) 2.16 ± 0.878 7.13 ± 1.71 5.10 ± 1.57 35.0 ± 1.78 39.3 ± 6.78 34.4 ± 6.51 MRT (h) 8.56 ± 1.96 8.96 ± 0.710 8.43 ± 0.956 12.2 ± 0.971 9.12 ± 0.565 11.5 ± 0.525
    • AUC · full text, Section '2.5. Plasma Concentrations of UqH-10 aft':AUC0–24h values of UqH-10 after UqH-4-DMG and UqH-DMG administration were 3.30- and 2.36-fold higher than that after Uq-10 administration, respectively.
    • AUC · full text, Section '2.5. Plasma Concentrations of UqH-10 aft':Although there are little differences in the AUC0-24h values of UqH-10 between Uq-10 and UqH-prodrugs administrations under abundant bile secretion conditions, the UqH-prodrugs brought forward the Tmax of plasma UqH to an hour earlier than after Uq-10 administration.
    • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '2.5. Plasma Concentrations of UqH-10 aft':AUC0–24h values of UqH-10 after UqH-4-DMG and UqH-DMG administration were 3.30- and 2.36-fold higher than that after Uq-10 administration, respectively.
    • Food effect · full text, Table 2:Pharmacokinetic parameters for UqH-10 after oral administration of UqH-DMG, UqH-4-DMG, or Uq-10 in fasted and postprandial rats. Parameters Uq-10 UqH-4-DMG UqH-DMG Uq-10 UqH-4-DMG UqH-DMG Fasted Postprandial n 4 5 6 3 3 3 Dose (μmol·kg−1) 40.5 Cmax (μmol·L−1) 0.143 ± 0.0826 0.763 ± 0.209 0.800 ± 0.157 1.99 ± 0.472 3.01 ± 0.423 2.24 ± 0.110 Tmax (h) 1
    • Food effect · full text, Section '2.5. Plasma Concentrations of UqH-10 aft':The rats were fed for only 2 h each day during the three weeks prior to administration of UqH-prodrugs and Uq-10.
    • Food effect · full text, Section '3.10. Dosing Protocol':Before the experiment, the fasting group was fasted for 16 h prior to dosing.
72. Other animalNanoemulsion structure and food matrix determine the gastrointestinal fate and in vivo bioavailability of coenzyme Q10.
    J Control Release, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 32853729DOI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.025
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In this work, we sought to incorporate coenzyme Q10-loaded nanoemulsions into a food system and to understand the impact of food digestion on the in vivo bioavailability of this bioactive compound.
    • Key findings · abstract:In a second step, a high protein beverage that incorporated the coenzyme Q10-loaded nanoemulsion was developed in a food pilot plant.
    • Key findings · abstract:When coenzyme Q10 was encapsulated into the nanoemulsions and the beverage, its bioavailability in vivo increased 1.8- and 2.8-fold respectively, compared with coenzyme Q10 dissolved in oil.
    • Key findings · abstract:The higher coenzyme Q10 bioavailability in the beverage was probably be[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:When coenzyme Q10 was encapsulated into the nanoemulsions and the beverage, its bioavailability in vivo increased 1.8- and 2.8-fold respectively, compared with coenzyme Q10 dissolved in oil.
73. Other animalPharmacokinetics of Repeated Oral Dosing with Coenzyme Q10 in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease.
    Antioxidants (Basel), 2020 · Design: randomized; crossover · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 32899633DOI 10.3390/antiox9090827PMC7555137 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:Q10 plasma concentrations were determined in plasma using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method using electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD).
    • Key findings · abstract:Total plasma concentration of Q10 increased significantly (p < 0.0001) from baseline (median, 0.92 µg/mL; interquartile range (IQR), 0.70-1.26) to after treatment (median, 3.51 µg/mL;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Key findings · abstract:Thirteen dogs reached the threshold of a total plasma Q10 concentration of ≥2.0 µg/mL.
74. Other animalEnhancement of intestinal absorption of coenzyme Q10 using emulsions containing oleyl polyethylene acetic acids.
    Eur J Pharm Sci, 2020 · Design: not stated · n: n = 9 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 31730802DOI 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105144
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The emulsion that were prepared using the four oxa acid groups were administered to rats and the plasma concentration profiles of CoQ10 were analyzed.
    • Key findings · abstract:The absorption of CoQ10 was improved in all emulsion groups compared with that in the powder group.
    • Key findings · abstract:The emulsion using oxa acid (n = 9.0) greatly increased the plasma concentration of CoQ10.
    • Key findings · abstract:Absorption was also improved by using emulsions containing larger percentage of oxa acids (6%, 15% and 23%) to compared with the same oxa acid (n = 9.0).
    • Key findings · abstract:The results showed that oxa acids are useful to prepare emulsions for oral administration and th[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
75. Other animalTransport via Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 contributes to the intestinal absorption of ubiquinone.
    Drug Metab Pharmacokinet, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
    PMID 33036883DOI 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.08.002PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:On the other hand, Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) is involved in the intestinal absorption of fat-soluble components such as cholesterol.
    • Key findings · abstract:In this study, we investigated whether the intestinal absorption of ubiquinone was transported by NPC1L1 as is cholesterol.
    • Key findings · abstract:The transport activity of ubiquinone was increased significantly in NPC1L1-overexpressed Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells compared with that in pMAM2-BSD vector-transfected MDCK cells and the uptake of ubiquinone was decreased in the presence of ezetimibe, an inhibitor of NPC1L1.
    • Key findings · abstract:Furthermore, to clarify the effect of NPC1L1[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · full text, p.18:al administration of ezetimibe to rats, almost no ezetimibe was detected in plasma, but glucuronide, an active metabolite of ezetimibe, was detected. Cmax was 19.77 ± 2.59 ng/mL and AUC was 62.05 ± 29.27 ng×h/mL (Table 2). On the other hand, ezetimibe glucuronide was detected in bile immediately after administration and was continuously excreted up to 12 h (Fig. 3). The cumulative amount of excret
    • Cmax · full text, p.41:Table 2 Pharmacokinetic parameters of ezetimibe and its glucuronide after oral administration of ezetimibe (100 µg/kg weight). Cmax (ng/mL) Tmax (h) AUC (ng×h/mL) Ezetimibe N.D. N.D. N.D. Ezetimibe glucuronide 19.77 ± 2.59 3.00 ± 2.82 62.05 ± 29.27 The value of AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal method. Each parameter represents the mean ± S.D. of 3 measurements.
    • Cmax · full text, p.42:Table 3 Pharmacokinetic parameters of CoQ10 after oral administration of CoQ10 (25 mg/kg weight) and ezetimibe (8.1 µg/kg weight). Cmax (ng/mL) Tmax (h) AUC (ng×h/mL) CoQ10 301.07 ± 83.03 ** 5.00 ± 3.37 2610.59 ± 825.58 * CoQ10+ezetimibe 127.45 ± 42.42 ** 9.00 ± 6.99 1495.67 ± 701.06 * The value of AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal method. Each parameter represents the mean ± S.
    • Tmax · full text, p.41:Table 2 Pharmacokinetic parameters of ezetimibe and its glucuronide after oral administration of ezetimibe (100 µg/kg weight). Cmax (ng/mL) Tmax (h) AUC (ng×h/mL) Ezetimibe N.D. N.D. N.D. Ezetimibe glucuronide 19.77 ± 2.59 3.00 ± 2.82 62.05 ± 29.27 The value of AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal method. Each parameter represents the mean ± S.D. of 3 measurements.
    • Tmax · full text, p.42:Table 3 Pharmacokinetic parameters of CoQ10 after oral administration of CoQ10 (25 mg/kg weight) and ezetimibe (8.1 µg/kg weight). Cmax (ng/mL) Tmax (h) AUC (ng×h/mL) CoQ10 301.07 ± 83.03 ** 5.00 ± 3.37 2610.59 ± 825.58 * CoQ10+ezetimibe 127.45 ± 42.42 ** 9.00 ± 6.99 1495.67 ± 701.06 * The value of AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal method. Each parameter represents the mean ± S.D. of 5-7 mea
    • AUC · full text, p.18:o rats, almost no ezetimibe was detected in plasma, but glucuronide, an active metabolite of ezetimibe, was detected. Cmax was 19.77 ± 2.59 ng/mL and AUC was 62.05 ± 29.27 ng×h/mL (Table 2). On the other hand, ezetimibe glucuronide was detected in bile immediately after administration and was continuously excreted up to 12 h (Fig. 3). The cumulative amount of excretion of ezetimibe glucuronide was
    • AUC · full text, p.41:Table 2 Pharmacokinetic parameters of ezetimibe and its glucuronide after oral administration of ezetimibe (100 µg/kg weight). Cmax (ng/mL) Tmax (h) AUC (ng×h/mL) Ezetimibe N.D. N.D. N.D. Ezetimibe glucuronide 19.77 ± 2.59 3.00 ± 2.82 62.05 ± 29.27 The value of AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal method. Each parameter represents the mean ± S.D. of 3 measurements.
    • AUC · full text, p.42:le 3 Pharmacokinetic parameters of CoQ10 after oral administration of CoQ10 (25 mg/kg weight) and ezetimibe (8.1 µg/kg weight). Cmax (ng/mL) Tmax (h) AUC (ng×h/mL) CoQ10 301.07 ± 83.03 ** 5.00 ± 3.37 2610.59 ± 825.58 * CoQ10+ezetimibe 127.45 ± 42.42 ** 9.00 ± 6.99 1495.67 ± 701.06 * The value of AUC was calculated by the trapezoidal method. Each parameter represents the mean ± S.D. of 5-7 measurem
    • Food effect · full text, p.13:tific Inc.). 2.7. Oral administration, collection of samples and analytical procedures For a single oral administration of ezetimibe, three rats were fasted for 14-16 h before the experiments to eliminate the effects of the diet. Ezetimibe was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to form a 10 mg/mL solution. This solution was diluted and orally administered as a 1% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide solution. Th
    • Food effect · full text, p.34:ig. 3. Cumulative amounts of bile excretion of ezetimibe (A) and its glucuronide (B) up to 12 h after oral administration of ezetimibe. All rats were fasted for 14-16 h before the experiments. Ezetimibe (100 µg/kg weight) was administered and bile samples were obtained for up to 12 h after 33
    • Food effect · full text, p.35:presents the mean with S.D. of 3 measurements. Fig. 4. Contribution of inhibition of NPC1L1 to the intestinal absorption of ubiquinone. All rats were fasted for 14-16 h before the experiments. CoQ10 (25 mg/kg weight) and ezetimibe (100 µg/kg weight) were administered and blood samples were obtained for up to 24 h after administration. The plasma concentration of CoQ10 was determined by HPLC as des
    • Form comparison · full text, p.17:ta variability, CoQ10 uptake tended to be increased in a time-dependent manner, indicating an increase in transport activity of CoQ10 in NPC1L1 cells compared with that in mock cells (Fig. 2A). Similarly, transport activity of CoQ9 increased significantly in NPC1L1 cells compared with that in mock cells (Fig. 2B). In addition, the inhibitory effect of ezetimibe on uptake of ubiquinone was investig
    • Form comparison · full text, p.18:y excreted up to 12 h (Fig. 3). The cumulative amount of excretion of ezetimibe glucuronide was 5938.93 ± 1687.92 ng, that is significantly different compared with that of unconjugated ezetimibe (87.79 ± 56.23 ng) by Welch test, indicating that ezetimibe is present in the rat body as a glucuronide. In addition, a second peak was observed around 9 to 10 h after administration in the bile excretion
    • Form comparison · full text, p.22:may not affect the particle size of the emulsion. In previous studies, the dosage of ezetimibe to rats was about 3 - 1000 µg/kg weight [20,22,23,31]. Compared to these values, the dosage is considered to be reasonable. Our data showed that the increase in plasma concentration of CoQ10 was decreased by co-administration with ezetimibe (Fig. 4, Table 3). This result suggests that the intestinal abso
76. Other animalEnhanced Stability and Oral Bioavailability of Folic Acid-Dextran-Coenzyme Q10 Nanopreparation by High-Pressure Homogenization.
    J Agric Food Chem, 2018 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 30141926DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02660
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The preparation of folic acid-dextran-coenzyme Q10 (FA-DEX-CoQ10) nanopreparation was optimized by high-pressure homogenization to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of CoQ10.
    • Key findings · abstract:The concentration of CoQ10 in rat plasma was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.
    • Key findings · abstract:By single-factor and orthogonal experiments, the dissolution rate, Cmax, and area under the curve (AUC) of the optimized FA-DEX-CoQ10 nanopreparation were 3.95, 2.7, and 2.4 times as much as those of the raw materials.
    • Key findings · abstract:The results showed t[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:By single-factor and orthogonal experiments, the dissolution rate, Cmax, and area under the curve (AUC) of the optimized FA-DEX-CoQ10 nanopreparation were 3.95, 2.7, and 2.4 times as much as those of the raw materials.
    • AUC · abstract:By single-factor and orthogonal experiments, the dissolution rate, Cmax, and area under the curve (AUC) of the optimized FA-DEX-CoQ10 nanopreparation were 3.95, 2.7, and 2.4 times as much as those of the raw materials.
77. Other animalPreparation, in vitro Characterization and Pharmacokinetic Study of Coenzyme Q10 Long-Circulating Liposomes.
    Drug Res (Stuttg), 2018 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 29190857DOI 10.1055/s-0043-121876
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
78. Other animalPreparation, in-vitro and in-vivo characterisation of CoQ10 microparticles: electrospraying-enhanced bioavailability.
    J Pharm Pharmacol, 2016 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
    PMID 26730452DOI 10.1111/jphp.12502
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to prepare Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) microparticles using electrospraying technology, and evaluate the in-vitro properties and in-vivo oral bioavailability.
    • Key findings · abstract:The absorption profiles showed increasing mean plasma levels CoQ10 in the following order: raw material < physical mixture < electrosprayed microparticles.
79. Other animalThe 12-3-12 cationic gemini surfactant as a novel gastrointestinal bioadhesive material for improving the oral bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 naked nanocrystals.
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2016 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 27309590DOI 10.1080/03639045.2016.1195399
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:To improve the oral bioavailability of nanocrystalline drug preparations, the cationic 12-3-12 quaternary ammonium surfactant gemini was introduced into nanocrystals as a novel gastrointestinal bioadhesive material.
    • Key findings · abstract:A pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs showed that the gemini-modified CoQ10 nanocrystals improved the oral bioavailability of CoQ10 in a dose-dependent manner, and the smaller size produced a much better effect with the same gemini modification.
80. Other animalTPGS-chitosome as an effective oral delivery system for improving the bioavailability of Coenzyme Q10.
    Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2015 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 25542680DOI 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.026
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:This study aimed to design the chitosan coated TPGS liposome to enhance the bioavailability of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10).
    • Key findings · abstract:All the tested liposomal formulations significantly enhanced the cellular uptake of CoQ10 as compared to the untreated drug.
    • Key findings · abstract:Particularly, TPGS-chitosome appeared to be most effective in improving the cellular uptake of CoQ10 in Caco-2 cells (about 30-folds greater than the untreated powder formulation).
    • Key findings · abstract:In oral pharmacokinetic studies, TPGS-chitosome enhanced the systemic exposure of CoQ10 by 3.4 folds as compared to the untreated powder and also displayed the extended dr[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Particularly, TPGS-chitosome appeared to be most effective in improving the cellular uptake of CoQ10 in Caco-2 cells (about 30-folds greater than the untreated powder formulation).
81. Other animalLyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles of CoQ10: implication of lipase digestibility on oral bioavailability, in vivo antioxidant activity, and in vitro-in vivo relationships.
    Mol Pharm, 2014 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 24742138DOI 10.1021/mp400601g
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The present investigation reports implications of the lipase digestibility of lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) on the oral bioavailability, in vivo antioxidant potential, and in vitro-in vivo relationship (IVIVR) of CoQ10 loaded LCNPs prepared from glyceryl monooleate (GLCQ) and phytantriol (PLCQ).
    • Key findings · abstract:Furthermore, 9.1- and 10.67-fold increase in Caco-2 cell uptake was observed in the case of GLCQ and PLCQ, respectively, attributed to the formation of the virtual channel pathway as a probable absorption mechanism.
    • Key findings · abstract:Consequently, 7.09- and 8.67-fold increase in oral bioavailabi[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Furthermore, 9.1- and 10.67-fold increase in Caco-2 cell uptake was observed in the case of GLCQ and PLCQ, respectively, attributed to the formation of the virtual channel pathway as a probable absorption mechanism.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Consequently, 7.09- and 8.67-fold increase in oral bioavailability was observed in the case of GLCQ and PLCQ, respectively.
82. Other animalNovel lipid-free nanoformulation for improving oral bioavailability of coenzyme Q10.
    Biomed Res Int, 2014 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 24995328DOI 10.1155/2014/793879PMC4068099 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:To improve the bioavailability of orally administered lipophilic coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), we formulated a novel lipid-free nano-CoQ10 system stabilized by various surfactants.
    • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability of CoQ10 was evaluated following oral administration of CoQ10 formulations in Sprague-Dawley rats.
    • Key findings · abstract:Compared to the values observed following administration of CoQ10-Suspension, nano-CoQ10 modified with various surfactants significantly increased the maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve.
    • Key findings · abstract:Thus, the lipid-free system of a nano-CoQ10 stabilized with a surf[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:Compared to the values observed following administration of CoQ10-Suspension, nano-CoQ10 modified with various surfactants significantly increased the maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve.
    • AUC · full text, Table 2:ingle oral administration of CoQ10 suspension and nano-CoQ10 formulations modified with various surfactants.   t 1/2 (h) T max⁡ (h) C max⁡ (μg/mL) AUC0–48 h (μg/mL × h) Nano-CoQ10-TPGS 17.37 ± 2.56 6 ± 0 1.49 ± 0.05⋆# 30.38 ± 0.59⋆#§ Nano-CoQ10-PHCO 20.25 ± 1.23 7 ± 0 1.69 ± 0.05⋆ 41.02 ± 0.47⋆ Nano-CoQ10-PSAE 21.01 ± 2.04 6 ± 0 1.74 ± 0.1⋆ 39.81 ± 2.51⋆ Nano-CoQ10-SP 20.52 ± 2.78 6 ± 0 1
    • AUC · full text, Section '3.2. Oral Bioavailability In Vivo':A nanoemulsion stabilized by salmon lecithin was reported to improve AUC0–48 h (26.14 ± 3.24 μg/mL × h) and C max⁡ (1.21 ± 0.12 μg/mL) values of CoQ10 (60 mg/kg) after oral administration [41].
    • AUC · full text, Section '3.2. Oral Bioavailability In Vivo':In the present study, AUC0–48 h and C max⁡ values for CoQ10 after oral administration of nano-CoQ10-SL stabilized by soybean lecithin were 26.7 ± 1.13 μg/mL × h and 1.35 ± 0.05 μg/mL, respectively, while the greatest values of 41.02 ± 0.47 μg/mL × h and 1.69 ± 0.05 μg/mL, respectively, were observed after oral administration of nano-CoQ10-PHCO (Table 2).
83. Other animalDroplet size and composition of nutraceutical nanoemulsions influences bioavailability of long chain fatty acids and Coenzyme Q10.
    Food Chem, 2014 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 24629946DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.084
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The influence of droplet size (d32=0.21, 0.70 or 2.2μm) and oil digestibility (corn oil versus mineral oil) on the bioavailability of a model long chain fatty acid (heptadecanoic acid) and lipophilic nutraceutical (Coenzyme Q10) was investigated using a rat feeding study.
84. Other animalImprovement of the oral bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 with lecithin nanocapsules.
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2013 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 23646802DOI 10.1166/jnn.2013.7089
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In an oral bioavailability study, the CoQ10 plasma level after administering CoQ10-LNCs was higher than that after administering a CoQ10 tablet over 24 hours, and the relative bioavailability of CoQ10 was improved to 176.6% in mice.
    • Key findings · abstract:Based on the above results, the LNC delivery system might be a potential vehicle for improving the oral bioavailability of CoQ10.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:In an oral bioavailability study, the CoQ10 plasma level after administering CoQ10-LNCs was higher than that after administering a CoQ10 tablet over 24 hours, and the relative bioavailability of CoQ10 was improved to 176.6% in mice.
85. Other animalEmulsification using highly hydrophilic surfactants improves the absorption of orally administered coenzyme Q10.
    Biol Pharm Bull, 2013 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (gold)
    PMID 24292061DOI 10.1248/bpb.b13-00447PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:We previously reported that the bioavailability of CoQ10 powder was less than 10%.
    • Key findings · abstract:In this study, we investigated various preparations to improve the intestinal absorption of CoQ10 with focus on the effect of emulsification.
    • Key findings · abstract:The absorption of CoQ10 was improved by an emulsion formulation although there was little absorption of CoQ10 when a suspension was administered.
    • Key findings · abstract:However, little CoQ10 was absorbed in the bile duct-ligated group even when the emulsion formulation was administered (about 50% of the control group).
    • Key findings · abstract:Bile and emulsion formulation are essential for absorption of CoQ10.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:However, little CoQ10 was absorbed in the bile duct-ligated group even when the emulsion formulation was administered (about 50% of the control group).
    • Cmax · full text, p.4:(Tween65 and Span20) (Figs. 3A–D). The peak plasma culated by the trapezoidal rule. * Significantly different from the group of CoQ10 concentrations (Cmax) after emulsion prepared with Tween20, emulsion prepared with Tween20 at p<0.05. N.S., not significant. Tween80, Tween65 and Span20 are 0.542, 0.558, 0.283 and 0.122 µg/mL, respectively. We then investigated the effect CoQ10 is not absorbed withou
    • Cmax · full text, p.5:testinal absorption of CoQ10 Emulsion CoQ10. It is needed to study the better composition ratio and the better components of the emulsion. Surfactant Cmax (µg/mL) Tmax (h) Components of the mixed micelles are thought to be bile Tween20 Sham 0.542 1.538 and phospholipids. It has been reported that greater intracel- Bile duct ligation 0.028 8.745 lular uptake and higher plasma concentration of carot
    • Tmax · full text, p.5:2016 Vol. 36, No. 12 On the other hand, the time to reach maximum (Tmax) was calculated to be about 2–9 h. There would be no relationship of Tmax in emulsion prepared with each surfactant. High AUCs based on the plasma concentration profiles were also obtained (Fig. 4). These results suggest that the effect of these comp
    • AUC · full text, p.2:unclear equation was the same as that reported previously.15) The area how bile influences the intestinal absorption of emulsions of under the curve (AUC) was calculated by the trapezoidal rule. these compounds. We then investigated the plasma concentra- Statistical Analysis Student’s t-test was used to de- tions of CoQ10 and calculated AUC values for the bile duct- termine the significance of diff
    • AUC · full text, p.3:2014 Vol. 36, No. 12 Fig. 2. Effects of Bile Acid on Plasma Concentration (A) and AUC (B) of CoQ10 after Oral Administration of Emulsion in Rats (A) Each point represents the mean with S.E. of 3 measurements. All rats were fasted for 24 h before the experiments. An emulsion of CoQ10 (25 mg/kg weight) was administered. Open symbols (s
    • AUC · full text, p.4:lasma concentration profiles of CoQ10 were obtained in the group of high HLB values (Tween20 Fig. 4. Effects of Various Surfactants of the Emulsion on AUC of CoQ10 after Oral Administration in Rats and Tween80) compared with those in the group of low HLB Each column represents the mean with S.E. of 3 measurements. AUC was cal- values (Tween65 and Span20) (Figs. 3A–D). The peak plasma culated by the
    • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.2:duct-ligated +bile groups RESULTS AND DISCUSSION were 3.0±0.9, 0.2±0.1 and 1.7±0.2 (µg×h/mL), respectively. The AUC of CoQ10 in the control group was 10-fold greater In the first part of this study, we evaluated the efficacy than that in the bile duct-ligated group, and little CoQ10 was of an emulsion formulation of CoQ10. Figure 1 shows the absorbed without bile even when the emulsion formulation p
    • Food effect · full text, p.2:t). Doses of lutein suspension and emulsion formulation were 0.5 mg/kg weight (1 mL/kg weight). Bile Collection and Oral Administration The rats were fasted for 24 h before the experiments. They were anesthetized by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 50 mg/kg sodium pen- tobarbital.14) To determine the effect of bile on absorption after oral administration, the rats were divided into two group
    • Food effect · full text, p.3:(A) and AUC (B) of CoQ10 after Oral Administration of Emulsion in Rats (A) Each point represents the mean with S.E. of 3 measurements. All rats were fasted for 24 h before the experiments. An emulsion of CoQ10 (25 mg/kg weight) was administered. Open symbols (squares) show the control group and closed symbols (circles) show the bile duct-ligated group. Closed symbols (squares) show the bile duct-
    • Food effect · full text, p.4:ed with Tween20 (A), Tween80 (B), Tween65 (C) and Span20 (D) as Surfactants Each point represents the mean with S.D. of 3 measurements. All rats were fasted for 24 h before the experiments. Lutein (0.5 mg/kg weight) was administered as an emulsion with the surfactant Tween20 (A), Tween80 (B), Tween65 (C) and Span20 (D) to rats.
    • Form comparison · full text, p.2:ion of lutein after oral administration in a food intake group the organic layer was taken and evaporated to dryness under was significantly increased compared with that in a fasting a nitrogen gas stream. The residue was dissolved in 200 µL group.15) Similar to lutein, it has been reported that the plasma of ethanol for HPLC injection. The column for HPLC was concentration of CoQ10 after oral admi
    • Form comparison · full text, p.4:oup of high HLB values (Tween20 Fig. 4. Effects of Various Surfactants of the Emulsion on AUC of CoQ10 after Oral Administration in Rats and Tween80) compared with those in the group of low HLB Each column represents the mean with S.E. of 3 measurements. AUC was cal- values (Tween65 and Span20) (Figs. 3A–D). The peak plasma culated by the trapezoidal rule. * Significantly different from the group o
    • Form comparison · full text, p.5:they would promote the permeation of calculated by the trapezoidal rule. * Significantly different from the group of lutein the unstirred water layer compared with lowly hydrophile emulsion prepared with Tween20 at p<0.05. N.S., not significant. surfactant (low HLB value), thus facilitating permeation of the apical membrane. It is not to say that only Tween20 showed Table 1. Pharmacokinetic Paramete
86. Other animalFormulation, characterization and pharmacokinetic studies of coenzyme Q₁₀ PUFA's nanoemulsions.
    Eur J Pharm Sci, 2012 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 22732255DOI 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.06.008
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is an insoluble antioxidant molecule with great biological value but exhibit poor bioavailability.
    • Key findings · abstract:To improve the bioavailability of CoQ(10), we have proposed to formulate a nanoemulsion consisting of salmon oil, salmon lecithin, CoQ(10) and water.
    • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability was evaluated as the area under the curve of CoQ(10) plasma concentration in male Wistar rats following oral administration of the three formulations of CoQ(10).
    • Key findings · abstract:The nanoemulsion increases at twice the bioavailability of CoQ(10) than conventional oily formulations regardless the nature of used fatty aci[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:Bioavailability was evaluated as the area under the curve of CoQ(10) plasma concentration in male Wistar rats following oral administration of the three formulations of CoQ(10).
87. Other animalNovel solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system of coenzyme Q₁₀ with improved photochemical and pharmacokinetic behaviors.
    Eur J Pharm Sci, 2012 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 22498005DOI 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.03.015
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The present study was undertaken to develop a solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system of coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)/s-SEDDS) with high photostability and oral bioavailability.
    • Key findings · abstract:Nano-emulsified solution of CoQ(10) under light exposure underwent photodegradation with 22-fold higher degradation kinetics than crystalline CoQ(10), although the CoQ(10)/s-SEDDS was less photoreactive.
    • Key findings · abstract:After the oral administration of CoQ(10)/s-SEDDS (100 mg-CoQ(10)/kg) in rats, enhanced exposure of CoQ(10) was observed with increases in both C(max) and AUC of ca. 5-fold in comparison with those of orally administ[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:After the oral administration of CoQ(10)/s-SEDDS (100 mg-CoQ(10)/kg) in rats, enhanced exposure of CoQ(10) was observed with increases in both C(max) and AUC of ca. 5-fold in comparison with those of orally administered crystalline CoQ(10).
    • AUC · abstract:After the oral administration of CoQ(10)/s-SEDDS (100 mg-CoQ(10)/kg) in rats, enhanced exposure of CoQ(10) was observed with increases in both C(max) and AUC of ca. 5-fold in comparison with those of orally administered crystalline CoQ(10).
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Nano-emulsified solution of CoQ(10) under light exposure underwent photodegradation with 22-fold higher degradation kinetics than crystalline CoQ(10), although the CoQ(10)/s-SEDDS was less photoreactive.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:After the oral administration of CoQ(10)/s-SEDDS (100 mg-CoQ(10)/kg) in rats, enhanced exposure of CoQ(10) was observed with increases in both C(max) and AUC of ca. 5-fold in comparison with those of orally administered crystalline CoQ(10).
88. Other animalCharacterization and pharmacokinetics of coenzyme Q10 nanoparticles prepared by a rapid expansion of supercritical solution process.
    Pharmazie, 2012 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 22512087
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:However, the extremely poor solubility of CoQ10 in water is hampering its bioavailability as a therapeutic agent.
    • Key findings · abstract:From the results of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic studies, the CoQ10 nanoparticles had high solubility in water and possessed less crystalline structure, which can enhance the bioavailability of CoQ10, and provide a water-soluble solid dosage form of CoQ10.
89. Other animalEffect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q₁₀ as naked nanocrystals.
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2012 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 23166438DOI 10.2147/IJN.S34365PMC3500035 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:For 700 nm nanocrystals, the AUC₀₋₄₈ was 4.4-fold greater than that for the coarse suspensions, but a further decrease in particle size from 700 nm to 120 nm did not contribute to improvement in bioavailability until the particle size was reduced to 80 nm, when bioavailability was increased by 7.3-fold.
    • AUC · abstract:For 700 nm nanocrystals, the AUC₀₋₄₈ was 4.4-fold greater than that for the coarse suspensions, but a further decrease in particle size from 700 nm to 120 nm did not contribute to improvement in bioavailability until the particle size was reduced to 80 nm, when bioavailability was increased by 7.3-fold.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:For 700 nm nanocrystals, the AUC₀₋₄₈ was 4.4-fold greater than that for the coarse suspensions, but a further decrease in particle size from 700 nm to 120 nm did not contribute to improvement in bioavailability until the particle size was reduced to 80 nm, when bioavailability was increased by 7.3-fold.
90. Other animalEnhanced oral bioavailability of Coenzyme Q10 by self-emulsifying drug delivery systems.
    Int J Pharm, 2009 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 19446761DOI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.03.008
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:To enhance the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)), self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) composed of oil, surfactant and cosurfactant for oral administration of CoQ(10) was formulated.
    • Key findings · abstract:SEDDS have significantly increased the C(max) and area under the curve (AUC) of CoQ(10) compared to powder (P<0.05).
    • Key findings · abstract:Thus, this self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system should be an effective oral dosage form for improving oral bioavailability of lipophilic drug, CoQ(10).
    • Cmax · abstract:SEDDS have significantly increased the C(max) and area under the curve (AUC) of CoQ(10) compared to powder (P<0.05).
    • AUC · abstract:SEDDS have significantly increased the C(max) and area under the curve (AUC) of CoQ(10) compared to powder (P<0.05).
91. Other animalCharacterization of cellular uptake and distribution of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E in PC12 cells.
    J Nutr Biochem, 2009 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 18602819DOI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.04.005
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In the present study, we used rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells to investigate and compare the cellular uptake and distribution of CoQ(10) and alpha-tocopherol (alphaT).
92. Other animalPhysicochemical and pharmacokinetic characterization of water-soluble Coenzyme Q(10) formulations.
    Int J Pharm, 2008 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 18706989DOI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.07.019
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:However, CoQ(10) was found to be poorly soluble in water, so that its bioavailability was low and variable depending on food intake.
    • Key findings · abstract:Although similar kinetic values were seen with T(max) of 1.5 and 1.7h, respectively, for NE and crystalline CoQ(10), NE exhibited ca 1.7-fold higher AUC and C(max) than the crystalline CoQ(10).
    • Cmax · abstract:Although similar kinetic values were seen with T(max) of 1.5 and 1.7h, respectively, for NE and crystalline CoQ(10), NE exhibited ca 1.7-fold higher AUC and C(max) than the crystalline CoQ(10).
    • Tmax · abstract:Although similar kinetic values were seen with T(max) of 1.5 and 1.7h, respectively, for NE and crystalline CoQ(10), NE exhibited ca 1.7-fold higher AUC and C(max) than the crystalline CoQ(10).
    • AUC · abstract:Although similar kinetic values were seen with T(max) of 1.5 and 1.7h, respectively, for NE and crystalline CoQ(10), NE exhibited ca 1.7-fold higher AUC and C(max) than the crystalline CoQ(10).
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Although similar kinetic values were seen with T(max) of 1.5 and 1.7h, respectively, for NE and crystalline CoQ(10), NE exhibited ca 1.7-fold higher AUC and C(max) than the crystalline CoQ(10).
93. Other animalBioavailability of water-soluble CoQ10 in beagle dogs.
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2008 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 18495407DOI 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.04.007
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability of a novel water-soluble inclusion complex of CoQ10, prepared in our laboratory was determined and compared with the bioavailability of commercially available oil-based form of CoQ10.
    • Key findings · abstract:Experimental work consisted of single dose comparative bioavailability study on seven beagle dogs, with a 14-day washout period between treatments.
    • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability results confirm that the water-soluble formulation has nearly three times higher AUC(0-48 h), two times higher Cmax, and Tmax is shortened from 6 to 4 h.
    • Cmax · abstract:The bioavailability results confirm that the water-soluble formulation has nearly three times higher AUC(0-48 h), two times higher Cmax, and Tmax is shortened from 6 to 4 h.
    • Tmax · abstract:The bioavailability results confirm that the water-soluble formulation has nearly three times higher AUC(0-48 h), two times higher Cmax, and Tmax is shortened from 6 to 4 h.
    • AUC · abstract:The bioavailability results confirm that the water-soluble formulation has nearly three times higher AUC(0-48 h), two times higher Cmax, and Tmax is shortened from 6 to 4 h.
94. Other animalPharmacokinetics of coenzyme q10.
    Bull Exp Biol Med, 2008 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 19240848DOI 10.1007/s10517-008-0270-8
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma concentrations of coenzyme Q10 were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection over 48 hours.
    • Key findings · abstract:Solubilized coenzyme Q10 exhibited high absorption creating higher plasma concentrations of the drug, as a result of which its bioavailability constituted 264% of that for the powder.
95. Other animalThe effect of coenzyme Q10 on the pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline.
    Arch Pharm Res, 2008 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 18704339DOI 10.1007/s12272-001-1250-1
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Time to reach maximum plasma concentration of theophylline delayed when the drug was administered after the pretreatment with CoQ10.
96. Other animalImprovement in intestinal coenzyme q10 absorption by food intake.
    Yakugaku Zasshi, 2007 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
    PMID 17666877DOI 10.1248/yakushi.127.1251PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:However, the absorption of dietary CoQ10 is slow and limited due to its hydrophobicity and large molecular weight.
    • Key findings · abstract:Thus, we investigated the effect of food intake on the absorption of CoQ10 after oral supplementation.
    • Key findings · abstract:In this study, we demonstrated that food intake enhanced the intestinal absorption of CoQ10.
    • Key findings · abstract:In order to improve intestinal absorption of CoQ10 after oral supplementation, we developed an emulsion formulation.
    • Key findings · abstract:Intestinal absorption of CoQ10 after administration of the emulsion formulation was also enhanced by food intake.
    • Cmax · full text, p.3:th an emulsion formulation and food intake. In CoQ10 after Oral Administration of a Suspension the last part of this study, we therefore investigated Cmax( mg/ml) Tmax(h) AUC( mg h/ml) the eŠect of food intake on the intestinal absorption Fast 0.31 3.64 3.99 of an emulsion formulation of CoQ10. Figure 3 Fed 0.70 1.13 6.86 shows the plasma concentration of CoQ10 after oral administration of the emu
    • Cmax · full text, p.4:A. M., Biofac- CoQ10 after Oral Administration of an Emulsion Formula- tors, 9, 273284 (1999). tion 8) Greenberg S., Frishman W. H., J. Clin. Phar- Cmax( mg/ml) Tmax(h) AUC( mg h/ml) macol., 30, 596608 (1990). Fast 0.55 2.91 8.50 9) Hodgson J. M., Watts G. F., Playford D. A., Fed 2.52 1.21 19.3 Burke V., Croft K. D., Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 56, 11371142 (2002). 10) RoŠe L., Schmidt K., Ernst E., J
    • Tmax · full text, p.3:n formulation and food intake. In CoQ10 after Oral Administration of a Suspension the last part of this study, we therefore investigated Cmax( mg/ml) Tmax(h) AUC( mg h/ml) the eŠect of food intake on the intestinal absorption Fast 0.31 3.64 3.99 of an emulsion formulation of CoQ10. Figure 3 Fed 0.70 1.13 6.86 shows the plasma concentration of CoQ10 after oral administration of the emulsion formula
    • Tmax · full text, p.4:c- CoQ10 after Oral Administration of an Emulsion Formula- tors, 9, 273284 (1999). tion 8) Greenberg S., Frishman W. H., J. Clin. Phar- Cmax( mg/ml) Tmax(h) AUC( mg h/ml) macol., 30, 596608 (1990). Fast 0.55 2.91 8.50 9) Hodgson J. M., Watts G. F., Playford D. A., Fed 2.52 1.21 19.3 Burke V., Croft K. D., Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 56, 11371142 (2002). 10) RoŠe L., Schmidt K., Ernst E., J. Clin. On-
    • AUC · full text, p.2:weight). Sequential blood peripheral to central compartment, and V (volume of samples were obtained from the femoral vein. Plasma distribution). The area under the plasma concen- was obtained by centrifugation (850 x g for 10 min). tration-curve (AUC) was estimated by the trapezoi- In situ Absorption Study Rats were fasted for dal rule. Student's t-test was used for statistical analy- 14 h prior t
    • AUC · full text, p.3:ation and food intake. In CoQ10 after Oral Administration of a Suspension the last part of this study, we therefore investigated Cmax( mg/ml) Tmax(h) AUC( mg h/ml) the eŠect of food intake on the intestinal absorption Fast 0.31 3.64 3.99 of an emulsion formulation of CoQ10. Figure 3 Fed 0.70 1.13 6.86 shows the plasma concentration of CoQ10 after oral administration of the emulsion formulation. Ph
    • AUC · full text, p.4:after Oral Administration of an Emulsion Formula- tors, 9, 273284 (1999). tion 8) Greenberg S., Frishman W. H., J. Clin. Phar- Cmax( mg/ml) Tmax(h) AUC( mg h/ml) macol., 30, 596608 (1990). Fast 0.55 2.91 8.50 9) Hodgson J. M., Watts G. F., Playford D. A., Fed 2.52 1.21 19.3 Burke V., Croft K. D., Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 56, 11371142 (2002). 10) RoŠe L., Schmidt K., Ernst E., J. Clin. On- acids are
    • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.3:roup. This that of the control group. This ˆnding suggests that ˆnding suggests that intestinal absorption of CoQ10 intestinal absorption of CoQ10 is 2-fold faster with is 3-fold faster with food intake. Moreover, the peak food intake. Moreover, Cmax and AUC of the food- concentration (Cmax ) and AUC of the food-intake intake group were 5-fold and 2-fold greater than group were almost 2-fold great
    • Food effect · full text, p.1:s slow and limited due to its hydropho- bicity and large molecular weight. The absorption of orally applied compounds can be enhanced by interactions with food or food components. Thus, we investigated the eŠect of food intake on the absorption of CoQ10 after oral sup- plementation. In this study, we demonstrated that food intake enhanced the intestinal absorption of CoQ10. In order to improve int
    • Food effect · full text, p.2:r extraction from plasma to rats were divided into two groups: a control group in that obtained after direct injection of a solution. which rats were fasted for 14 h prior to the experi- CoQ10 extraction yielded signiˆcant recoveries (65 ments and a food-intake group in which rats were al- ％) and showed the best reproducibility. lowed free access to food. Rats were anaesthetized by Data Analysis A
    • Food effect · full text, p.3:mg/ml) Tmax(h) AUC( mg h/ml) the eŠect of food intake on the intestinal absorption Fast 0.31 3.64 3.99 of an emulsion formulation of CoQ10. Figure 3 Fed 0.70 1.13 6.86 shows the plasma concentration of CoQ10 after oral administration of the emulsion formulation. Phar- macokinetic parameters are listed in Table 2. Tmax of maximum (Tmax ) in the food-intake group was three- the food-intake group was
97. Other animalBioavailability assessment of oral coenzyme Q10 formulations in dogs.
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2002 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 12476865DOI 10.1081/ddc-120015352
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The purpose of this investigation was to compare the bioavailability of three coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) formulations in dogs using an open, randomized, multiple-dose crossover design.
    • Key findings · abstract:Blood samples were collected from each animal prior to dosing to determine the endogenous plasma CoQ10 concentrations.
    • Key findings · abstract:Serial blood samples were collected for 72 hr and plasma CoQ10 concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma concentration-time profiles were corrected for endogenous CoQ10 concentrations.
    • Key findings · abstract:Results showed that the relative bioavailabilities of formulations B a[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:The AUC(microgram.hr/mL) +/- SD, Cmax(microgram/mL) +/- SD, and Tmax(hr) +/- SD for formulations A, B, and C were 1.695 +/- 0.06, 6.097 +/- 0.08, and 10.510 +/- 0.10; 0.096 +/- 0.035, 0.169 +/- 0.038, and 0.402 +/- 0.102; and 4.2 +/- 1.48, 4.1 +/- 1.57, and 4.5 +/- 0.58, respectively.
    • Cmax · abstract:While no significant differences were observed between Tmax values of the three formulations, the AUC and Cmax values for formulations B and C were significantly higher than those of the control (p < 0.05).
    • Tmax · abstract:The AUC(microgram.hr/mL) +/- SD, Cmax(microgram/mL) +/- SD, and Tmax(hr) +/- SD for formulations A, B, and C were 1.695 +/- 0.06, 6.097 +/- 0.08, and 10.510 +/- 0.10; 0.096 +/- 0.035, 0.169 +/- 0.038, and 0.402 +/- 0.102; and 4.2 +/- 1.48, 4.1 +/- 1.57, and 4.5 +/- 0.58, respectively.
    • Tmax · abstract:While no significant differences were observed between Tmax values of the three formulations, the AUC and Cmax values for formulations B and C were significantly higher than those of the control (p < 0.05).
    • AUC · abstract:The AUC(microgram.hr/mL) +/- SD, Cmax(microgram/mL) +/- SD, and Tmax(hr) +/- SD for formulations A, B, and C were 1.695 +/- 0.06, 6.097 +/- 0.08, and 10.510 +/- 0.10; 0.096 +/- 0.035, 0.169 +/- 0.038, and 0.402 +/- 0.102; and 4.2 +/- 1.48, 4.1 +/- 1.57, and 4.5 +/- 0.58, respectively.
    • AUC · abstract:While no significant differences were observed between Tmax values of the three formulations, the AUC and Cmax values for formulations B and C were significantly higher than those of the control (p < 0.05).
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Results showed that the relative bioavailabilities of formulations B and C were approximately 3.6 and 6.2-fold higher than that of control formulation A.
98. Other animalSelf-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) of coenzyme Q10: formulation development and bioavailability assessment.
    Int J Pharm, 2001 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 11165081DOI 10.1016/s0378-5173(00)00614-1
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The goals of our investigations are to develop and characterize self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), using polyglycolyzed glycerides (PGG) as emulsifiers and to evaluate their bioavailability in dogs.
    • Key findings · abstract:Medium chain oils and Myvacet 9-45 provided higher solubility than long chain oils.
    • Key findings · abstract:From these studies, an optimized formulation consisting of Myvacet 9-45 (40%), Labrasol (50%) and lauroglycol (10%) was selected for its bioavailability assessment.
    • Key findings · abstract:SEDDS have improved the bioavailability of CoQ10 significantly.
99. Other animalStability and bioequivalence studies of two marketed formulations of coenzyme Q10 in beagle dogs.
    Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 1999 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 10434405DOI 10.1248/cpb.47.1024
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The relative bioavailabilities of powder filled capsule (I) and oil-based formulation (II) of CoQ10 were compared in beagle dogs in an open, randomized, multiple dose, cross-over design.
    • Key findings · abstract:The AUC, Cmax, and Tmax for formulation I and II are comparable (p < 0.05) where the values for formulation I are 22.84 +/- 6.3 micrograms ml-1 h, 0.51 +/- 0.11 microgram/ml, and 6.1 +/- 2.0 h whereas the values for formulation II are 24.32 +/- 5.6 micrograms ml-1 h, 0.55 +/- 0.16 microgram/ml, and 6.6 +/- 2.3 h, respectively.
    • Cmax · abstract:The AUC, Cmax, and Tmax for formulation I and II are comparable (p < 0.05) where the values for formulation I are 22.84 +/- 6.3 micrograms ml-1 h, 0.51 +/- 0.11 microgram/ml, and 6.1 +/- 2.0 h whereas the values for formulation II are 24.32 +/- 5.6 micrograms ml-1 h, 0.55 +/- 0.16 microgram/ml, and 6.6 +/- 2.3 h, respectively.
    • Tmax · abstract:The AUC, Cmax, and Tmax for formulation I and II are comparable (p < 0.05) where the values for formulation I are 22.84 +/- 6.3 micrograms ml-1 h, 0.51 +/- 0.11 microgram/ml, and 6.1 +/- 2.0 h whereas the values for formulation II are 24.32 +/- 5.6 micrograms ml-1 h, 0.55 +/- 0.16 microgram/ml, and 6.6 +/- 2.3 h, respectively.
    • AUC · abstract:The AUC, Cmax, and Tmax for formulation I and II are comparable (p < 0.05) where the values for formulation I are 22.84 +/- 6.3 micrograms ml-1 h, 0.51 +/- 0.11 microgram/ml, and 6.1 +/- 2.0 h whereas the values for formulation II are 24.32 +/- 5.6 micrograms ml-1 h, 0.55 +/- 0.16 microgram/ml, and 6.6 +/- 2.3 h, respectively.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The relative bioavailabilities of powder filled capsule (I) and oil-based formulation (II) of CoQ10 were compared in beagle dogs in an open, randomized, multiple dose, cross-over design.
100. Other animalThe regulation of mitochondrial oxygen uptake by redox reactions involving nitric oxide and ubiquinol.
     J Biol Chem, 1999 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
     PMID 10608829DOI 10.1074/jbc.274.53.37709
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The reversible inhibitory effects of nitric oxide (.NO) on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase and O(2) uptake are dependent on intramitochondrial.NO utilization.
     • Key findings · abstract:The results obtained from these experimental approaches strongly suggest the occurrence of independent pathways for.NO utilization in mitochondria, which effectively compete with the binding of.NO to cytochrome oxidase, thereby releasing this inhibition and restoring O(2) uptake.
101. Other animalSteady-state kinetics of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase in bovine heart submitochondrial particles: diffusional effects.
     Biochem J, 1993 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 8382478DOI 10.1042/bj2900225PMC1132405 (free full text)
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The viscosity of the membrane was changed by incorporating cholesterol; no significant effect on the ubiquinol kmin. ascribable to diffusion control could be recognized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
102. Other animalIntestinal absorption enhancement of coenzyme Q10 with a lipid microsphere.
     Arzneimittelforschung, 1986 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 3718593
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Plasma concentrations of CoQ10 were determined by HPLC.
     • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability of CoQ10 from the lipid microsphere formulation was superior to conventional formulations.
103. In vitroPhysicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Capacity and Bioavailability of Whey Protein Concentrate-Based Coenzyme Q10 Nanoparticles.
     Antioxidants (Basel), 2024 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 39765863DOI 10.3390/antiox13121535PMC11727553 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:An embedded delivery system of CoQ10 based on whey protein concentrate (WPC) and polymerized whey protein concentrate (PWPC) was prepared, and the physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity and bioavailability were characterized in this study.
     • Key findings · abstract:The PWPC-based nanoparticles showed a slightly higher antioxidant capacity than that of the WPC, and both values were significantly higher than that of its corresponding physical mixture and free CoQ10 (p < 0.05).
     • Key findings · abstract:Compared with its free state, the bioavailability of CoQ10 embedded in WPC and PWPC increased by nearly 7.58 times and 7.48 times, r[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '3.3.2. Bioaccessibility of CoQ10':The relative bioavailability of CoQ10 loaded on lecithin was increased by 176.6% [15].
     • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.3.2. Bioaccessibility of CoQ10':Compared with free CoQ10 (10.75 ± 1.70%), the bioaccessibility of the WPC-CoQ10 and PWPC-CoQ10 NPs increased to 81.53 ± 4.62% and 80.37 ± 0.84%, respectively, about 7.58 times and 7.48 times that of free CoQ10, indicating that the embedding of CoQ10 by WPC and PWPC could successfully achieve the release of CoQ10 in the intestinal tract.
104. In vitroCoenzyme Q10 Phytosome Formulation Improves CoQ10 Bioavailability and Mitochondrial Functionality in Cultured Cells.
     Antioxidants (Basel), 2021 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 34200321DOI 10.3390/antiox10060927PMC8226950 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Since the high CoQ10 hydrophobicity hinders its bioavailability, several formulations have been developed to facilitate its cellular uptake.
     • Key findings · abstract:Given the limitations of an in vitro model, the latter result supports that intestinal absorption is a critical step for the oral administration of Coenzyme Q10 formulations.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.4. CoQ10 Phytosome Protects Cells from':In order to confirm this latter point, we treated the cells with the specific ferroptosis activator RSL3 (Figure 5C,F) and found that UBQ treatment was able to improve cell viability in both I407 (44.2% of viable cells in the presence of Vehicle + RSL3 vs. 63.1% of viable cells in the presence of UBQ + RSL3) and in H9c2 (30.5% of viable cells in the presence of Vehicle + RSL3 vs. 47.28% of viable
105. Species unclearEffects of varying concentrations of Ubiquinol (coenzyme Q10) on physiological parameters in male donkeys (Equus asinus).
     Front Vet Sci, 2026 · Design: not stated · n: n = 30 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 41777613DOI 10.3389/fvets.2026.1733317PMC12951480 (free full text)PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:We fed CoQ10-ubiquinol in donkeys' feed and investigated its effect on plasma hormone concentrations of Testosterone (T), Activin-A, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Antimullerian hormone (AMH), estradiol (E2), and Q10 in donkeys.
     • Key findings · abstract:The objective of the present study was to check the effect of various concentrations of Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol) on plasma hormones that ultimately affect semen quality in donkeys, especially during the non-breeding season.
     • Key findings · abstract:Results indicate that the addition of Ubiquinol in donkey feed has a tendency to improve plasma hormone concentr[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:We fed CoQ10-ubiquinol in donkeys' feed and investigated its effect on plasma hormone concentrations of Testosterone (T), Activin-A, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Antimullerian hormone (AMH), estradiol (E2), and Q10 in donkeys.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Measurement of plasma hormone concentrat':Inter and intra-assay coefficient of variation (CVs) were less than 10%.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Measurement of plasma hormone concentrat':MM-51465O1), with a sensitivity of 0.4 ng/mL and CVs less than 10%.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Measurement of plasma hormone concentrat':The intra- and inter-assay CVs were less than 10 and 10%, respectively.
106. Species unclearImpact of liposomal delivery on coenzyme Q10 absorption: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.
     Front Nutr, 2025 · Design: randomized; crossover; double-blind · n: 7 men · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 41041129DOI 10.3389/fnut.2025.1605033PMC12486408 (free full text)PDF
     Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
     • Key findings · abstract:While co-ingesting CoQ-10 with a fatty meal can enhance absorption, this approach is not always practical.
     • Key findings · abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a liposomal formulation of CoQ-10 could improve its absorption compared with standard CoQ-10 without the need for the concurrent consumption of fatty foods.
     • Key findings · abstract:Venous blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after ingestion and analyzed for plasma CoQ-10 concentrations.
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: CoQ-10and Lipo CoQ-10 demonstrated significantly greater Cmax and AUC0-24 compared with placebo (p < 0.001).
     • Key findings · abstract:Additionally, Lipo[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Cmax · abstract:RESULTS: CoQ-10and Lipo CoQ-10 demonstrated significantly greater Cmax and AUC0-24 compared with placebo (p < 0.001).
     • Cmax · abstract:Additionally, Lipo CoQ-10 had significantly higher Cmax (+31.3%, p < 0.001) and AUC0-24 (+22.6%, p < 0.001) values as compared with CoQ-10.
     • AUC · abstract:RESULTS: CoQ-10and Lipo CoQ-10 demonstrated significantly greater Cmax and AUC0-24 compared with placebo (p < 0.001).
     • AUC · abstract:Additionally, Lipo CoQ-10 had significantly higher Cmax (+31.3%, p < 0.001) and AUC0-24 (+22.6%, p < 0.001) values as compared with CoQ-10.
     • Food effect · abstract:While co-ingesting CoQ-10 with a fatty meal can enhance absorption, this approach is not always practical.
107. Species unclearEnhanced solubility and bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 via co-amorphous system using stevioside.
     NPJ Sci Food, 2025 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 40483335DOI 10.1038/s41538-025-00465-0PMC12145421 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:In this study, equimolar CoQ10 and stevioside (STE) formed a co-amorphous (CM) system by lyophilization, and its solubility was approximately 63 times higher than that of CoQ10.
     • Key findings · abstract:Meanwhile, the area under curve (AUC) values increased by 5 times in the in vivo bioavailability study.
     • AUC · abstract:Meanwhile, the area under curve (AUC) values increased by 5 times in the in vivo bioavailability study.
     • Cmax · full text, Section 'In vivo bioavailability study':The level of CoQ10 in plasma was extremely low when oral crystalline CoQ10 was used, reaching Cmax at approximately 1 h, and the values of Cmax and AUC were calculated as 50.283 ± 5.695 ng/mL and 196.456 ± 96.874 ng h/mL, respectively.
     • Cmax · full text, Section 'In vivo bioavailability study':In contrast, the plasma CoQ10 of oral CM product increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the Cmax and AUC values were determined to be 308.389 ± 50.250 ng/mL and 934.563 ± 247.801 ng h/mL, which increased by 6 and 5 times, respectively.
     • AUC · full text, Section 'In vivo bioavailability study':The level of CoQ10 in plasma was extremely low when oral crystalline CoQ10 was used, reaching Cmax at approximately 1 h, and the values of Cmax and AUC were calculated as 50.283 ± 5.695 ng/mL and 196.456 ± 96.874 ng h/mL, respectively.
     • AUC · full text, Section 'In vivo bioavailability study':In contrast, the plasma CoQ10 of oral CM product increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the Cmax and AUC values were determined to be 308.389 ± 50.250 ng/mL and 934.563 ± 247.801 ng h/mL, which increased by 6 and 5 times, respectively.
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'In vivo bioavailability study':After 12 h fasting, rats were given CoQ10 (15 mg/kg) and highly water-soluble CoQ10 products (15 mg/kg) dispersed in 0.5% (w/v) sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution13,48. 300 μL of blood was collected from the tail vein every 0, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Solubility studies of CoQ10-STE mixture ':Compared to that of CoQ10, the solubility of FD CoQ10 powder was 144.6 μg/mL, which showed a significant increase by 63 times (p < 0.05).
108. Species unclearEndogenous coenzyme Q content and exogenous bioavailability in D. melanogaster.
     Heliyon, 2024 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 39315151DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37854PMC11417581 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Supplementation with two concentrations of CoQ9 and CoQ10 (15 μM and 75 μM) for 2 weeks induced a segment- and sex-specific CoQ uptake.
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Body segments dissection':With the aid of a stereomicroscope, two dissection tweezers, and after 2 h of fasting followed by anesthesia with FlyNap (Carolina Biological), different flies' body samples were analysed.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Coenzyme Q content and distribution vari':In the head of females, the maximum content of CoQ9 was measured at 6 weeks (148.6 ± 12.7 μg/g) and was almost double compared to the maximum level reached in males (87.0 ± 10.2 μg/g at 3 weeks).
109. Species unclearThe Cocrystal of Ubiquinol: Improved Stability and Bioavailability.
     Pharmaceutics, 2023 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 37896258DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102499PMC10610044 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:In the dissolution experiments, the cocrystal generated 12.6 (in SIF) and 38.3 (in SGF) times greater maximum ubiquinol concentrations above that of the marketed form.
     • Key findings · abstract:In addition, in the PK studies, compared to the marketed form, the cocrystal exhibited a 2.2 times greater maximum total coenzyme Q10 concentration and a 4.5 times greater AUC than that of the marketed form.
     • AUC · abstract:In addition, in the PK studies, compared to the marketed form, the cocrystal exhibited a 2.2 times greater maximum total coenzyme Q10 concentration and a 4.5 times greater AUC than that of the marketed form.
     • Cmax · full text, Table 3:Pharmacokinetic parameters for cocrystal and marketed form II in rats. Administration T1/2 (h) Tmax (h) Cmax (ng/mL) AUC0–8h (h·ng/mL) MRT (h) Form II 29.9 8.0 71.2 191.9 43.3 Cocrystal 19.4 4.0 157.7 866.5 27.2
     • Cmax · full text, Section '3.6. In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Study':The Cmax of the cocrystal and the marketed form II were 157.7 ng/mL and 71.2 ng/mL, respectively.
     • Tmax · full text, Table 3:Pharmacokinetic parameters for cocrystal and marketed form II in rats. Administration T1/2 (h) Tmax (h) Cmax (ng/mL) AUC0–8h (h·ng/mL) MRT (h) Form II 29.9 8.0 71.2 191.9 43.3 Cocrystal 19.4 4.0 157.7 866.5 27.2
     • AUC · full text, Table 3:Pharmacokinetic parameters for cocrystal and marketed form II in rats. Administration T1/2 (h) Tmax (h) Cmax (ng/mL) AUC0–8h (h·ng/mL) MRT (h) Form II 29.9 8.0 71.2 191.9 43.3 Cocrystal 19.4 4.0 157.7 866.5 27.2
     • AUC · full text, Section '3.6. In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Study':In addition, the plasma exposures (AUC0–8h) of the cocrystal and the marketed form II were 866.5 h·ng/mL and 191.9 h·ng/mL, respectively.
     • AUC · full text, Section '3.6. In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Study':The cocrystal generated a 4.5 times greater AUC than that of the marketed form II.
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '3.6. In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Study':The cocrystal generated a 4.5 times greater AUC than that of the marketed form II.
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '5. Conclusions':The results showed that the cocrystal exhibited 2.2 times greater maximum total coenzyme Q10 concentrations and a 4.5 times greater AUC than that of the marketed form.
110. Species unclearPlasma CoQ10 Status in Patients with Propionic Acidaemia and Possible Benefit of Treatment with Ubiquinol.
     Antioxidants (Basel), 2022 · Design: not stated · n: 7 patients · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 36009307DOI 10.3390/antiox11081588PMC9405378 (free full text)
     Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
     • Key findings · abstract:The present prospective, interventional study examines the plasma concentration of CoQ10 in patients with PA, their tolerance of such supplementation with ubiquinol, and its benefits.
     • Key findings · abstract:A total of 6/7 patients showed reduced plasma CoQ10 concentrations that normalized after supplementation with ubiquinol (p-value < 0.001), which was well tolerated.
     • Key findings · abstract:Urinary citrate levels markedly increased during the study (p-value: 0.001), together with elevation of citrate/methlycitrate ratio (p-value: 0.03).
     • Key findings · abstract:PA patients showed a deficiency of plasma CoQ10, which supplementation with ubiquinol corrected.
111. Species unclearThe Effect of Coenzyme Q10 as a Part of Standard Therapy on Plasma Concentrations of Ubiquinol, Ubiquinone, Total CoQ10 and its Redox State in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease.
     Curr Drug Metab, 2022 · Design: not stated · n: 26 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 36420876DOI 10.2174/1389200224666221123092256
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:In the test group after treatment, the levels of total CoQ10 (+25 Δ%), ubiquinol (+43 Δ%), and redox state (+86 Δ%) were statistically significantly higher than in the control group and total CoQ10 concentration did not significantly differ from that in healthy individuals (-12 Δ%).
112. Species unclearFormation of Food Grade Microemulsion with Rice Glycosphingolipids to Enhance the Oral Absorption of Coenzyme Q10.
     Foods, 2019 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 31618946DOI 10.3390/foods8100502PMC6835640 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:The purpose of this study is to examine the possible use of rice glycosphingolipids (RGSLs) as an emulsifier to form food grade microemulsions (mean particle size, 10-20 nm) and improve the absorption of CoQ10 with a poor solubility property by prepared emulsion.
     • Key findings · abstract:Moreover, oral absorption of CoQ10 was significantly enhanced when administered via CoQ10-loaded microemulsion.
     • Key findings · abstract:The area under the plasma concentration-time curve for the microemulsion improved up to seven-fold compared to CoQ10 powder.
     • Key findings · abstract:The use of RGSLs could, therefore, be an effective processing technique for improving CoQ10's[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • AUC · abstract:The area under the plasma concentration-time curve for the microemulsion improved up to seven-fold compared to CoQ10 powder.
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The area under the plasma concentration-time curve for the microemulsion improved up to seven-fold compared to CoQ10 powder.
     • Cmax · full text, Table 3:ed microemulsion to rats (** p < 0.01 compared to CoQ10 powder). Each point represents mean ± S.E. (n = 6). CoQ10 Powder CoQ10 Loaded-Microemulsion Cmax (ng/mL) 84.2 ± 17.8 578.1 ± 47.5 Tmax (h) 4.0 4.0 AUC0-24 h (ng·h/mL) 1050.9 ± 202.6 7503.6 ± 1079.3 **
     • Cmax · full text, Section '3.2.3. Oral Absorption of CoQ10 from CoQ':Maximum drug concentrations (Cmax) of the CoQ10 powder and CoQ10-loaded microemulsion were 84.23 ± 17.79 and 578.09 ± 47.47 ng/mL, respectively (Table 3).
     • Tmax · full text, Table 3:compared to CoQ10 powder). Each point represents mean ± S.E. (n = 6). CoQ10 Powder CoQ10 Loaded-Microemulsion Cmax (ng/mL) 84.2 ± 17.8 578.1 ± 47.5 Tmax (h) 4.0 4.0 AUC0-24 h (ng·h/mL) 1050.9 ± 202.6 7503.6 ± 1079.3 **
     • AUC · full text, Table 3:powder). Each point represents mean ± S.E. (n = 6). CoQ10 Powder CoQ10 Loaded-Microemulsion Cmax (ng/mL) 84.2 ± 17.8 578.1 ± 47.5 Tmax (h) 4.0 4.0 AUC0-24 h (ng·h/mL) 1050.9 ± 202.6 7503.6 ± 1079.3 **
     • Food effect · full text, Section '2.11. Animal Study':The rats had fasted for 12 h before the start of the experiments.
     • Form comparison · full text, Table 3:Pharmacokinetic parameters of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) after oral administration of CoQ10 powder and CoQ10-loaded microemulsion to rats (** p < 0.01 compared to CoQ10 powder). Each point represents mean ± S.E. (n = 6). CoQ10 Powder CoQ10 Loaded-Microemulsion Cmax (ng/mL) 84.2 ± 17.8 578.1 ± 47.5 Tmax (h) 4.0 4.0 AUC0-24 h (ng·h/mL) 1050.9 ± 202.6 7503.6 ± 1079.3 **
     • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.1.2. Evaluation of the TG/RGSLs/Polyso':The emulsion prepared with 70 mg of TG increased the particle size because of the addition of fewer RGSLs compared to that with 100 and 140 mg of TG.
113. Species unclearAnalysis of the kinetics and bistability of ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase.
     Biophys J, 2013 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 23870256DOI 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.05.033PMC3714890 (free full text)
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
114. Species unclearKinetics of electron and proton transfer to ubiquinone-10 and from ubiquinol-10 in a self-assembled phosphatidylcholine monolayer.
     Biochim Biophys Acta, 1998 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 9630726DOI 10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00061-9
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Upon incorporating from 0.5 to 2 mol% ubiquinone-10 (UQ) in a self-assembled monolayer of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) supported by mercury, the kinetics of UQ reduction to ubiquinol-10 (UQH2) as well as that of UQH2 oxidation to UQ were investigated in borate buffers over the pH range from 8 to 9.5 by cyclic voltammetry.
     • Key findings · abstract:Analogously, the rate-determining step in UQ reduction to UQH2 consists in the protonation by hydrogen ions of the semiubiquinone radical anion UQ.- resulting from the reversible uptake of one electron by UQ.