Magnesium Absorption: Which Form Absorbs Best? (Glycinate vs Citrate vs Oxide)

1. Human Koenig K, Padalino P, Alexandrides G, Pak CY. Bioavailability of potassium and magnesium, and citraturic response from potassium-magnesium citrate. The Journal of urology. 1991;145(2):330-4. PMID 1988724. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38330-1 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover (4 phases in random order), n=14
2. Human Armas LA, Rafferty K, Hospattankar A, Abrams SA, Heaney RP. Chronic dietary fiber supplementation with wheat dextrin does not inhibit calcium and magnesium absorption in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The Journal of international medical research. 2011;39(5):1824-33. PMID 22117983. doi:10.1177/147323001103900525 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover (placebo-controlled, single-blind), n=41 enrolled; 40 analysed
3. Human Dolberg MK, Nielsen LP, Dahl R. Pharmacokinetic Profile of Oral Magnesium Hydroxide. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology. 2017;120(3):264-269. PMID 27412366. doi:10.1111/bcpt.12642 PubMed · DOI · other (specify): three-armed crossover (baseline day, oral Mg hydroxide, IV Mg sulphate index), open, not stated as randomized, n=10
4. Human Dogterom P, Fu C, Legg T, Chiou YJ, Brandon S. The absolute bioavailability and the effect of food on a new magnesium lactate dihydrate extended-release caplet in healthy subjects. Drug development and industrial pharmacy. 2018;44(9):1481-1487. PMID 29638147. doi:10.1080/03639045.2018.1464020 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover (open-label, single-dose, three-period, six sequences), n=31 randomized; 29 completed
5. Human Greupner T, Schneider I, Gellert S, Hahn A. Magnesium Bioavailability and Tolerability Do Not Differ between Two Supplements with Different Release Properties. Journal of dietary supplements. 2020;17(4):454-466. PMID 31230494. doi:10.1080/19390211.2019.1629146 PubMed · DOI · other (specify): open-label controlled crossover with duplicate determination, nonrandomized order (2P, 2P, 1P, 1P), n=20
6. Human Schuette SA, Lashner BA, Janghorbani M. Bioavailability of magnesium diglycinate vs magnesium oxide in patients with ileal resection. JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition. 1994;18(5):430-5. PMID 7815675. doi:10.1177/0148607194018005430 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover (double-blind), n=12 (one additional subject studied but excluded)
7. Species unclear Bai JP, Hausman E, Lionberger R, Zhang X. Modeling and simulation of the effect of proton pump inhibitors on magnesium homeostasis. 1. Oral absorption of magnesium. Molecular pharmaceutics. 2012;9(12):3495-505. PMID 23051182. doi:10.1021/mp300323q PubMed · DOI · other (specify): modeling and simulation with literature mining
8. Human Brilli E, Khadge S, Fabiano A, Zambito Y, Williams T, Tarantino G. Magnesium bioavailability after administration of sucrosomial® magnesium: results of an ex-vivo study and a comparative, double-blinded, cross-over study in healthy subjects. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2018;22(6):1843-1851. PMID 29630135. doi:10.26355/eurrev_201803_14605 PubMed · DOI · other (specify): single-day double-blinded repeated crossover; randomization not stated, n=10
9. Human McFarlin BK, Paschall AL, Kelly ME, Womack SM. Comparing the Bioavailability of Two Seawater-Derived Magnesium Preparations. Journal of medicinal food. 2025;28(12):1270-1273. PMID 40955524. doi:10.1177/1096620X251380191 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled (3 conditions), n=20 completed (22 enrolled)
10. Human Tran BAC, Miller T. Hypomagnesemia from malabsorption and renal magnesium wasting treated with high-dose magnesium glycinate: A case report. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA. 2026:103496. PMID 42567449. doi:10.1016/j.japh.2026.103496 PubMed · DOI · other (specify): case report, n=1

no clear separation under matched conditions; not graded. No head-to-head grade; indirect only.

no clear separation under matched conditions; not graded. No head-to-head grade; indirect only.

1. HumanRandomized, open-label study of the short-term pharmacokinetics of oral magnesium oxide in healthy volunteers.
   Sci Rep, 2026 · Design: randomized · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 42091979DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-50427-zPMC13338401 (free full text)
   Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
   • Key findings · abstract:Serum magnesium concentrations were measured at baseline and multiple time points up to 12 h post-dose using a colorimetric assay.
   • Key findings · abstract:Pharmacokinetic parameters related to systemic exposure and absorption, including Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0-12, were calculated using non-compartmental analysis.
   • Key findings · abstract:Parameters dependent on terminal elimination (t1/2, AUC0-∞, CL/F, MRT) were not estimated because a clear terminal log-linear phase was not identifiable within the 12-hour sampling window.
   • Key findings · abstract:In summary, this study characterizes the short-term absorption pharmacokinetics of oral magnesium oxide, demonstratin[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
   • Cmax · abstract:Pharmacokinetic parameters related to systemic exposure and absorption, including Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0-12, were calculated using non-compartmental analysis.
   • Tmax · abstract:Pharmacokinetic parameters related to systemic exposure and absorption, including Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0-12, were calculated using non-compartmental analysis.
   • Tmax · abstract:Tmax was significantly shorter in the 2000 mg group (p = 0.025).
   • AUC · abstract:Pharmacokinetic parameters related to systemic exposure and absorption, including Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0-12, were calculated using non-compartmental analysis.
   • AUC · abstract:Parameters dependent on terminal elimination (t1/2, AUC0-∞, CL/F, MRT) were not estimated because a clear terminal log-linear phase was not identifiable within the 12-hour sampling window.
   • Cmax · full text, Table 2:er Group 1: Magnesium 750 mg (n = 12) Group 2: Magnesium 2000 mg (n = 12) p-value C0 (baseline) 0.826 ± 0.038 (CV 4.6%) 0.832 ± 0.069 (CV 8.2%) 0.797 Cmax 1.044 ± 0.095 (CV 9.1%) 0.986 ± 0.099 (CV 10.1%) 0.159 AUC0–12 11.069 ± 0.658 (CV 5.9%) 10.886 ± 0.893 (CV 8.2%) 0.573 Cavg0–12 (AUC/12) 0.922 ± 0.055 (CV 5.9%) 0.907 ± 0.074 (CV 8.2%) Not calculated Incremental Cmax (Cmax−C0) 0.218 ± 0.097 (CV
   • Tmax · full text, Table 2:4.6%) 0.062 iAUC0–12 1.156 ± 0.644 (CV 55.8%) 0.902 ± 0.388 (CV 43.0%) 0.257 Incremental Cavg0–12 0.096 ± 0.054 (CV 55.8%) 0.075 ± 0.032 (CV 43.0%) — Tmax (h), median (IQR) 6 (5–8) 2 (2–5) 0.025
   • AUC · full text, Table 2:0 mg (n = 12) p-value C0 (baseline) 0.826 ± 0.038 (CV 4.6%) 0.832 ± 0.069 (CV 8.2%) 0.797 Cmax 1.044 ± 0.095 (CV 9.1%) 0.986 ± 0.099 (CV 10.1%) 0.159 AUC0–12 11.069 ± 0.658 (CV 5.9%) 10.886 ± 0.893 (CV 8.2%) 0.573 Cavg0–12 (AUC/12) 0.922 ± 0.055 (CV 5.9%) 0.907 ± 0.074 (CV 8.2%) Not calculated Incremental Cmax (Cmax−C0) 0.218 ± 0.097 (CV 44.4%) 0.154 ± 0.053 (CV 34.6%) 0.062 iAUC0–12 1.156 ± 0.644
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Safety and tolerability':The 2000 mg group demonstrates significant increases in heart rate at multiple time points compared with baseline (p < 0.05).
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Safety and tolerability':This line graph shows the trend of mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure over 12 h following oral magnesium oxide administration (750 mg vs. 2000 mg).
2. HumanA Comparison of Marine and Non-Marine Magnesium Sources for Bioavailability and Modulation of TRPM6/TRPM7 Gene Expression in a Caco-2 Epithelial Cell Model.
   Nutrients, 2026 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 41599937DOI 10.3390/nu18020324PMC12844945 (free full text)
   Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
   • Key findings · abstract:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Magnesium (Mg2+) supplements can contain different types of Mg2+ salts, which influence their bioavailability.
   • Key findings · abstract:A highly bioavailable and bioaccessible Mg2+ source is essential to meet requirements for many physiological processes that are fundamental to human health.
   • Key findings · abstract:The objective of this study was to compare the bioavailability of Mg2+ from different sources, with different composition and chemical structure, namely, Aquamin Mg Soluble (seawater), magnesium oxide, commercial magnesium bisglycinate 1, and analytical grade magnesium bisglycinate 2.
   • Key findings · abstract:In addition, the[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
   • Food effect · abstract:METHOD: The study involved analyzing bioavailability of the Mg2+ sources predigested with and without food using the Infogest model prior to application to a Caco-2 cell monolayer in transwells for assessing transport.
   • Food effect · abstract:RESULTS: Aquamin Mg Soluble showed significantly higher bioavailability compared to magnesium bisglycinate 2 (p = 0.016) when digested with food prior to application to the Caco-2 monolayer.
   • Food effect · abstract:In the digestion without food prior to the Caco-2 monolayer, there was no significant difference between Mg2+ bioavailability among the tested supplements.
3. HumanHypomagnesemia from malabsorption and renal magnesium wasting treated with high-dose magnesium glycinate: A case report.
   J Am Pharm Assoc (2003), 2026 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
   PMID 42567449DOI 10.1016/j.japh.2026.103496
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:Despite high-dose intravenous magnesium sulfate administered via total parenteral nutrition and intravenous supplementation, as well as oral magnesium oxide, serum magnesium levels remained persistently low (1.1-1.9 mg/dL) with only transient correction.
   • Key findings · abstract:Following this change, serum magnesium improved to 2.0-2.1 mg/dL without further need for intravenous supplementation, and episodes of severe hypomagnesemia decreased.
4. HumanComparing the Bioavailability of Two Seawater-Derived Magnesium Preparations.
   J Med Food, 2025 · Design: randomized; crossover; double-blind · n: N = 20 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
   PMID 40955524DOI 10.1177/1096620X251380191
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:Previously research has established that seawater contains magnesium in addition to 72 other trace and ultratrace minerals, resulting in better bioavailability than traditional magnesium sources.
   • Key findings · abstract:An incremental, 18-h urine magnesium excretion test was used to assess relative magnesium bioavailability.
   • Key findings · abstract:The urine uptake was verified by short-term serum magnesium measurements (1- and 2-h postingestion).
   • Key findings · abstract:We found that both seawater-derived magnesium preparations significantly increased magnesium absorption compared with placebo (>97% change) but did not differ from each other when standardiz[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
5. HumanComparative Clinical Study on Magnesium Absorption and Side Effects After Oral Intake of Microencapsulated Magnesium (MAGSHAPETM Microcapsules) Versus Other Magnesium Sources.
   Nutrients, 2024 · Design: randomized; crossover; double-blind · n: 40 healthy women · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 39770988DOI 10.3390/nu16244367PMC11677548 (free full text)
   Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
   • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Our results showed that the blood plasma levels of Mg increased significantly at all tested time-points after the oral intake of Mg-MS, while the blood plasma levels of Mg increased significantly only after 1 and 4 h of the oral intake of MgO and Mg-C, respectively.
   • Key findings · abstract:Interestingly, the Mg-MS microencapsulation technology was observed to enable a sustained increase in plasma Mg levels over the duration of this study, i.e., 1, 4, and 6 h after oral intake.
   • Key findings · abstract:A direct comparison of the increase in plasma Mg levels over the 6 h period revealed that the Mg-MS microencapsulation technology[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
   • Food effect · abstract:METHODS: A total of 40 healthy women and men were put on a low-Mg diet for 7 days, and after 8 h of fasting, a blood sample was taken from a digital puncture before (0 h) and 1 h, 4 h, and 6 h after the oral intake of each product.
   • AUC · full text, Section '3.1. Mg Levels in Blood Plasma upon Oral':In particular, we calculated the AUC for the whole study period (i.e., 6 h) and for the following time intervals: 0 h–1 h, 0 h–4 h, and 0 h–6 h.
   • Food effect · full text, Section '2.3. Treatment':After 8 h of fasting, blood samples were obtained by finger prick (0 h) and 1 h, 4 h, and 6 h after a single oral intake of the corresponding Mg product.
   • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.1. Mg Levels in Blood Plasma upon Oral':For this, we represented the average increase in Mg levels in plasma after 1 h, 4 h, and 6 h of oral intake compared to averaged corresponding basal levels (time 0 h, common baseline) for each Mg source.
6. HumanEvaluation of Aluminum and Magnesium Absorption Following the Oral Administration of an Antacid Suspension Containing Magaldrate in Healthy Women Under Fed Conditions.
   Adv Ther, 2024 · Design: randomized · n: n = 8 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
   PMID 39249590DOI 10.1007/s12325-024-02969-9PMC11480178 (free full text)
   Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
   • Food effect · abstract:The volunteers had a standard breakfast, and 30 min later, they were given a single-medication sachet containing 500 mg of sodium alginate, 267 mg of sodium bicarbonate, 800 mg of magaldrate, and 120 mg of simethicone (group A, n = 8) or no medication (group B, n = 2).
   • Cmax · full text, Section 'Outcome Variables':The maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve from time zero to 12 h (AUC0–t) and to infinity (AUC0–inf) were calculated as primary outcome measures for both ions.
   • Cmax · full text, Section 'Results':For Cmax without basal correction, the average magnesium concentration in group A (24.13 ± 0.95 mg/L) was slightly lower than that in group B (25.07 ± 0.76 mg/L).
   • Cmax · full text, Section 'Results':On the other hand, with basal correction, estimates of group A pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax 3.68 ± 0.40 mg/L;
   • AUC · full text, Section 'Outcome Variables':The maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve from time zero to 12 h (AUC0–t) and to infinity (AUC0–inf) were calculated as primary outcome measures for both ions.
   • AUC · full text, Section 'Results':Additionally, the same trend was observed for AUC0–t, for which the average magnesium concentration in group A (253.31 ± 10.73 mg/L) was lower than that in group B (270.31 ± 10.05 mg/L).
   • AUC · full text, Section 'Results':The parameter AUC0–inf was estimated only for group A (5966.04 ± 3218.53 mg/L) because of sample size limitations (Table 1).
7. HumanCirculating Ionized Magnesium as a Measure of Supplement Bioavailability: Results from a Pilot Study for Randomized Clinical Trial.
   Nutrients, 2020 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: 17 healthy adults · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 32353962DOI 10.3390/nu12051245PMC7281967 (free full text)
   Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
   • Key findings · abstract:We conducted a pilot study to evaluate appropriate methods for assessing responses to the ingestion of oral magnesium supplements, including ionized magnesium in whole blood (iMg2+) concentration, serum total magnesium concentration, and total urinary magnesium content.
   • Key findings · abstract:Blood and urine samples were obtained for the measurement of iMg2+, serum total magnesium, and total urine magnesium, during 24 h following the magnesium supplement or placebo dosing.
   • Key findings · abstract:Following MgCl2 administration versus placebo administration, we observed significantly greater increases in iMg2+ concentrations (AUC = 1.51[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
   • Cmax · abstract:Cmax = 1.38 ± 0.13 vs. 1.32 ± 0.07 mg/dL, respectively; both p < 0.05) but not in serum total magnesium (AUC = 27.00 [0, 172.93] vs. 14.55 [0, 91.18] mg/dL·24h;
   • Cmax · abstract:Cmax = 2.38 [1.97, 4.01] vs. 2.24 [1.98, 4.31] mg/dL) or in urinary magnesium (AUC = 201.74 ± 161.63 vs. 139.30 ± 92.84 mg·24h;
   • Cmax · abstract:Cmax = 26.12 [12.91, 88.63] vs. 24.38 [13.51, 81.51] mg/dL; p > 0.05).
   • AUC · abstract:Following MgCl2 administration versus placebo administration, we observed significantly greater increases in iMg2+ concentrations (AUC = 1.51 ± 0.96 vs. 0.84 ± 0.82 mg/dL·24h;
   • AUC · abstract:Cmax = 1.38 ± 0.13 vs. 1.32 ± 0.07 mg/dL, respectively; both p < 0.05) but not in serum total magnesium (AUC = 27.00 [0, 172.93] vs. 14.55 [0, 91.18] mg/dL·24h;
   • AUC · abstract:Cmax = 2.38 [1.97, 4.01] vs. 2.24 [1.98, 4.31] mg/dL) or in urinary magnesium (AUC = 201.74 ± 161.63 vs. 139.30 ± 92.84 mg·24h;
   • Food effect · abstract:In a single-blinded crossover study, 17 healthy adults were randomly assigned to consume 300 mg of magnesium from MgCl2 (ReMag®, a picosized magnesium formulation) or placebo, while having a low-magnesium breakfast.
   • Cmax · full text, Table 2:nt. Parameter Placebo MgCl2 p Value iMg2+ (n = 14) Baseline (mg/dL) 1.25 ± 0.08 1.26 ± 0.01 0.242 AUC (mg/dL•24h) 0.84 ± 0.82 1.51 ± 0.96 0.029 Cmax (mg/dL) 1.32 ± 0.07 1.38 ± 0.13 0.034 Tmax (h) 9.54 ± 9.85 10.36 ± 9.30 0.396 Serum magnesium (n = 17) Baseline (mg/dL) 1.95 (1.78–3.30) 2.08 (1.76–3.19) 0.491 AUC (mg/dL•24h) 14.55 (0–91.18) 27.00 (0–172.93) 0.097 Cmax (mg/dL) 2.24 (1.98–
   • Cmax · full text, Section '3. Results':We also observed a greater increase in Cmax for iMg2+ between MgCl2 (1.38 ± 0.13 mg/dL) vs. placebo (1.32 ± 0.07 mg/dL) (p = 0.034).
   • Tmax · full text, Table 2:n = 14) Baseline (mg/dL) 1.25 ± 0.08 1.26 ± 0.01 0.242 AUC (mg/dL•24h) 0.84 ± 0.82 1.51 ± 0.96 0.029 Cmax (mg/dL) 1.32 ± 0.07 1.38 ± 0.13 0.034 Tmax (h) 9.54 ± 9.85 10.36 ± 9.30 0.396 Serum magnesium (n = 17) Baseline (mg/dL) 1.95 (1.78–3.30) 2.08 (1.76–3.19) 0.491 AUC (mg/dL•24h) 14.55 (0–91.18) 27.00 (0–172.93) 0.097 Cmax (mg/dL) 2.24 (1.98–4.31) 2.38 (1.97–4.01) 0.221 Tmax (h) 11.38
   • AUC · full text, Table 2:ium concentrations and urinary magnesium content. Parameter Placebo MgCl2 p Value iMg2+ (n = 14) Baseline (mg/dL) 1.25 ± 0.08 1.26 ± 0.01 0.242 AUC (mg/dL•24h) 0.84 ± 0.82 1.51 ± 0.96 0.029 Cmax (mg/dL) 1.32 ± 0.07 1.38 ± 0.13 0.034 Tmax (h) 9.54 ± 9.85 10.36 ± 9.30 0.396 Serum magnesium (n = 17) Baseline (mg/dL) 1.95 (1.78–3.30) 2.08 (1.76–3.19) 0.491 AUC (mg/dL•24h) 14.55 (0–91.18) 2
   • AUC · full text, Section '3. Results':Following administration of MgCl2, we found a significant greater increase in the 24-h AUC of whole blood concentration of iMg2+ (1.51 ± 0.96 mg/dL•24h) compared to that increase after administration of placebo (0.84 ± 0.82 mg/dL•24h) (p = 0.029, Table 2).
   • Food effect · full text, Section '2.2. Magnesium Dosing':Enrolled participants (Males = 7, Females = 10, Total N = 17) were randomly assigned to a single-dose treatment of MgCl2 (ReMag®; in a solution of lemon juice and water) or placebo (lemon juice and water only) with a low-magnesium (~50 mg Mg) breakfast after 8 h of fasting.
   • Food effect · full text, Section '2.3. Specimen Collection and Measurement':Blood samples were obtained beginning with a fasting sample (at 15 min before the dosing) and at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h following the dosing.
   • Form comparison · full text, Section '2.3. Specimen Collection and Measurement':All CVs for each serum and urine magnesium measurement were below 4%.
   • Form comparison · full text, Section '3. Results':Following administration of MgCl2, we found a significant greater increase in the 24-h AUC of whole blood concentration of iMg2+ (1.51 ± 0.96 mg/dL•24h) compared to that increase after administration of placebo (0.84 ± 0.82 mg/dL•24h) (p = 0.029, Table 2).
   • Form comparison · full text, Section '3. Results':We also observed a greater increase in Cmax for iMg2+ between MgCl2 (1.38 ± 0.13 mg/dL) vs. placebo (1.32 ± 0.07 mg/dL) (p = 0.034).
8. HumanMagnesium Bioavailability and Tolerability Do Not Differ between Two Supplements with Different Release Properties.
   J Diet Suppl, 2020 · Design: crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
   PMID 31230494DOI 10.1080/19390211.2019.1629146
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:The aim of the study was to directly compare the bioavailability and tolerability of two 500 mg Mg2+ supplements in a crossover study with duplicate determination.
   • Key findings · abstract:There were no significant differences between the test products regarding 24-hour renal Mg2+ excretion and area under the curve of serum Mg2+ levels for 8 hours.
   • Key findings · abstract:The Mg2+ bioavailability did not differ between the test products.
   • AUC · abstract:There were no significant differences between the test products regarding 24-hour renal Mg2+ excretion and area under the curve of serum Mg2+ levels for 8 hours.
   • Food effect · abstract:Due to possible gastrointestinal side effects, the European Food Safety Authority and the Institute of Medicine set the upper intake level for Mg2+ from supplements to 250 and 350 mg, respectively.
9. HumanComparative study of the bioavailability of magnesium salts.
   Drug Metab Pers Ther, 2019 · Design: not stated · n: 20 healthy volunteers · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
   PMID 31606725DOI 10.1515/dmpt-2019-0004
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
10. HumanPredicting and Testing Bioavailability of Magnesium Supplements.
    Nutrients, 2019 · Design: not stated · n: 30 subjects · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 31330811DOI 10.3390/nu11071663PMC6683096 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Two magnesium formulations with contrasting bioavailability prediction from both in vitro tests (best vs. worst) were selected for in vivo testing in 30 subjects.
    • Key findings · abstract:In vivo bioavailability was compared following one acute ingestion by monitoring blood magnesium concentrations up to 6 h following intake.
    • Key findings · abstract:The in vitro tests showed a very wide variation in absorption and dissolution of the 15 magnesium products.
    • Key findings · abstract:In the in vivo testing, a significant different serum magnesium absorption profile was found up to 4 h following supplement ingestion for the two supplements with opposing in vitro te[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:Moreover, maximal serum magnesium increase and total area under the curve were significantly different for both supplements (+6.2% vs. +4.6% and 6.87 vs. 0.31 mM.min, respectively).
    • AUC · full text, Section '3.2.2. Phase B':When considering the timeframe from supplement intake till 360 min following ingestion, a significant main effect of condition was found for the total area under the curve (p = 0.021).
    • Food effect · full text, Section '2.1.1. In Vitro SHIME Simulation':Fed conditions were simulated under stirring conditions during 2 h at 37 °C, with a sigmoidal decrease of the pH profile from 4.7 to 2.0.
    • Food effect · full text, Section '2.1.1. In Vitro SHIME Simulation':Under fasted conditions, the pH was maintained stable at 2 for 45 min.
    • Food effect · full text, Section '2.1.1. In Vitro SHIME Simulation':Samples were collected from the fed stomach at 45 and 120 min, from the fasted stomach at 45 min.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.2.2. Phase B':Furthermore, significant higher serum magnesium levels compared to pre-supplement levels (time point 0) were found following one tablet of supplement A at 120, 150, 180 min and four hours following ingestion, but not at any time point following one tablet of Supplement O (p < 0.005, significant differences vs. time point 0 are not depicted in Figure 6A).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.2.2. Phase B':In accordance, significantly higher serum magnesium levels compared to pre-supplement levels (time point 0) were found following two tablets of Supplement A at 120, 150, 180 min and four and six hours following ingestion (p < 0.005, significant differences vs. time point 0 are not depicted in Figure 6B).
11. HumanAssessment of bioavailability of Mg from Mg citrate and Mg oxide by measuring urinary excretion in Mg-saturated subjects.
    Magnes Res, 2019 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 32162607DOI 10.1684/mrh.2019.0457
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability of 400 mg Mg from Mg citrate (MgC) and Mg oxide (MgO) after single-dose administration was assessed by measuring renal Mg excretion in 24-h urine and blood plasma [Mg] at time points 0, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Single-dose MgC supplementation led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in 24 h urinary Mg excretion, but this was not significant following MgO.
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma [Mg] was also significantly higher for MgC than for MgO at 4 h (P < 0.05) and 8 h (P < 0.05).
12. HumanThe absolute bioavailability and the effect of food on a new magnesium lactate dihydrate extended-release caplet in healthy subjects.
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2018 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 29638147DOI 10.1080/03639045.2018.1464020
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: To assess the absolute bioavailability of 20 mEq magnesium lactate extended-release (ER) caplets and to assess the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of these ER caplets.
    • Key findings · abstract:A new ER caplet of 10 mEq strength of magnesium L-lactate dihydrate has been developed to increase the bioavailability of magnesium.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Absolute bioavailabilities of the caplets under fasted and fed conditions, compared to IV magnesium sulfate, were 20.26% (fasted) and 12.49% (fed) in serum, based on the geometric mean ratio (GMR) of the baseline-adjusted AUC0-72, and 38.11% (fasted) and 40.99% (fed)
    • AUC · abstract:RESULTS: Absolute bioavailabilities of the caplets under fasted and fed conditions, compared to IV magnesium sulfate, were 20.26% (fasted) and 12.49% (fed) in serum, based on the geometric mean ratio (GMR) of the baseline-adjusted AUC0-72, and 38.11% (fasted) and 40.99% (fed) in urine, based on the GMR of the baseline-adjusted Ae0-72.
    • AUC · abstract:Relative bioavailability of the caplets comparing the fed and fasted states was 61.67% in serum, based on the GMR of the baseline-adjusted AUC0-72, and 107.57% in urine, based on the GMR of the baseline-adjusted Ae0-72.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Relative bioavailability of the caplets comparing the fed and fasted states was 61.67% in serum, based on the GMR of the baseline-adjusted AUC0-72, and 107.57% in urine, based on the GMR of the baseline-adjusted Ae0-72.
    • Food effect · abstract:OBJECTIVE: To assess the absolute bioavailability of 20 mEq magnesium lactate extended-release (ER) caplets and to assess the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of these ER caplets.
    • Food effect · abstract:METHODS: An open label, single-dose, randomized, three-period, cross-over study in healthy adults was conducted with three treatments: (a) single oral dose of 20 mEq magnesium L-lactate dehydrate under fasting conditions, (b) single intravenous (IV) infusion of 20 mEq magnesium sulfate, and (c) single oral dose of 20 mEq magnesium L-lactate dehydrate under fed conditions.
    • Food effect · abstract:RESULTS: Absolute bioavailabilities
13. HumanAn Advanced Formulation of a Magnesium Dietary Supplement Adapted for a Long-Term Use Supplementation Improves Magnesium Bioavailability: In Vitro and Clinical Comparative Studies.
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 2018 · Design: randomized; crossover; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 29524192DOI 10.1007/s12011-018-1277-2
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The present study aimed to compare magnesium release profile and bioavailability between this patented low-dose continuous-release magnesium chloride tablet (100 mg magnesium element) and a reference tablet at the usually prescribed dose (300 mg magnesium element).
    • Key findings · abstract:A randomized double-blind crossover controlled trial of ChronoMag® versus reference tablet (3 × 100 mg magnesium element tablets) in 12 normo-magnesemic healthy volunteers was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of the patented magnesium chloride tablets (two 50 mg magnesium tablets, once-a-day intake).
    • Key findings · abstract:Cumulative urinary[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
14. HumanBioaccessibility and Bioavailability of a Marine-Derived Multimineral, Aquamin-Magnesium.
    Nutrients, 2018 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 30018220DOI 10.3390/nu10070912PMC6073474 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Method: Aquamin-Mg, magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) and magnesium oxide (MgO) were subjected to gastrointestinal digestion according to the harmonized INFOGEST in vitro digestion method and in vitro bioavailability tested using the Caco-2 cell model.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.1. Magnesium Recovery from Aquamin-Mg,':MgO, 73.39 ± 10.20 μg/mL, n = 4; in unfiltered samples), which is characterised by low solubility (Figure 1, p < 0.05 Aquamin-Mg vs.
15. HumanScottsdale Magnesium Study: Absorption, Cellular Uptake, and Clinical Effectiveness of a Timed-Release Magnesium Supplement in a Standard Adult Clinical Population.
    J Am Coll Nutr, 2018 · Design: not stated · n: 91 adults · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 29425476DOI 10.1080/07315724.2017.1398686
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:This study evaluated the absorption, cellular uptake, and clinical effectiveness of a timed-release formulation containing dimagnesium malate with vitamins B6, B12, and folate (MagSRT™) in a standard clinical population.
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum magnesium was measured 4 and 8 hours after participants ingested 2 supplemental tablets (250 mg magnesium) or 2 placebo tablets.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: More than 75% of trial participants presented with suboptimal serum and RBC magnesium status at baseline, while the magnesium status questionnaire predicted 100% of participants to have suboptimal magnesium status.
    • Key findings · abstract:RBC magnesium[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
16. HumanPharmacokinetic Profile of Oral Magnesium Hydroxide.
    Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2017 · Design: crossover · n: N = 10 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 27412366DOI 10.1111/bcpt.12642
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability was 14.9% (CI: 8.3; 26.8), blood clearance was 5.1 L/hr (CI: 2.1; 17.0), apparent volume of distribution was 60.2 L (CI: 35.6; 102.0), elimination constant was 0.08 per hour (CI: 0.05; 0.14), half-life was 8.3 hr (CI: 4.8; 14.1), Cmax was 0.11 mmol/L (CI: 0.07; 0.14), and AUC[0-24] was 92.3 mmol/L × min.
    • Key findings · abstract:Urine Mg excretion augmented by 17.7% (CI: 8.9; 35.0) from baseline.
    • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability of Mg hydroxide was 15%, and it constitutes a clinically relevant option for oral Mg supplementation.
    • Cmax · abstract:Bioavailability was 14.9% (CI: 8.3; 26.8), blood clearance was 5.1 L/hr (CI: 2.1; 17.0), apparent volume of distribution was 60.2 L (CI: 35.6; 102.0), elimination constant was 0.08 per hour (CI: 0.05; 0.14), half-life was 8.3 hr (CI: 4.8; 14.1), Cmax was 0.11 mmol/L (CI: 0.07; 0.14), and AUC[0-24] was 92.3 mmol/L × min.
    • AUC · abstract:Bioavailability was 14.9% (CI: 8.3; 26.8), blood clearance was 5.1 L/hr (CI: 2.1; 17.0), apparent volume of distribution was 60.2 L (CI: 35.6; 102.0), elimination constant was 0.08 per hour (CI: 0.05; 0.14), half-life was 8.3 hr (CI: 4.8; 14.1), Cmax was 0.11 mmol/L (CI: 0.07; 0.14), and AUC[0-24] was 92.3 mmol/L × min.
17. HumanMagnesium bioavailability from mineral waters with different mineralization levels in comparison to bread and a supplement.
    Food Nutr Res, 2017 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: 22 healthy men · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 29056894DOI 10.1080/16546628.2017.1384686PMC5642192 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:SO42-, HCO3-, calcium) with the magnesium bioavailability from bread and from a magnesium supplement.
    • Key findings · abstract:The primary outcome variables were the 24 h urinary magnesium excretion, the 24 h urinary magnesium/creatinine ratio, and the area under the curve of serum magnesium levels for 10 h (AUC0-10h).
    • Key findings · abstract:No significant differences among groups were observed for either 24 h urinary magnesium excretion or 24 h urinary magnesium/creatinine ratio.
    • Key findings · abstract:Likewise, statistical group comparisons of AUC0-10h for serum magnesium levels revealed no significant differences among the treatment groups.
    • Key findings · abstract:Accordingly[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:The primary outcome variables were the 24 h urinary magnesium excretion, the 24 h urinary magnesium/creatinine ratio, and the area under the curve of serum magnesium levels for 10 h (AUC0-10h).
    • AUC · abstract:Likewise, statistical group comparisons of AUC0-10h for serum magnesium levels revealed no significant differences among the treatment groups.
    • Food effect · abstract:A single-center, randomized, controlled trial with a crossover design with 22 healthy men and women was conducted at the Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany.
    • AUC · full text, Table 2.:Twenty-four hours of urinary magnesium excretion, 24 h urinary magnesium/creatinine ratio, and area under the curve (AUC0-10h) for serum magnesium levels for 10 h (mean ± SD).   24 h urinary Mg excretion [mmol] 24 h urinary Mg/creatinine ratio [mmol] AUC0-10h serum Mg MW 1 4.41 ± 1.50 n = 22 0.55 ± 0.79 n = 18 0.80 ± 0.35 n = 22 MW 2 4.47 ± 1.17 n = 20 0.43
    • AUC · full text, Section 'Serum and urinary concentrations of magn':Likewise, statistical group comparisons of AUC0-10h for serum Mg levels revealed no significant differences among the treatment groups (Table 2).
18. HumanIsotope concentrations from 24-h urine and 3-h serum samples can be used to measure intestinal magnesium absorption in postmenopausal women.
    J Nutr, 2014 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 24500940DOI 10.3945/jn.113.186767PMC3952625 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:One barrier to more conclusive research on the potential relation is measuring intestinal magnesium absorption (MgA), which requires the use of stable isotopes and a ≥6-d stool or 3-d urine collection.
    • Key findings · abstract:We measured magnesium isotope concentrations in 72-h urine, spot urine (36, 48, 60, and 72 h), and spot serum (1, 3, and 5 h) samples collected after isotope dosing.
    • Key findings · abstract:The 72-h MgA correlated most highly with 0-24 h urine MgA value alone (ρ = 0.95, P < 0.001) or the mean of the 0-24 h urine and the 3-h (ρ = 0.93, P < 0.001) or 5-h (ρ = 0.96, P < 0.001) serum MgA values.
    • Key findings · abstract:In cohort 2, Bland-Al[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:Participants fasted from 1200 h to 0700 h and then consumed breakfast with ∼23 mg of oral ²⁶Mg and ∼11 mg of i.v. ²⁵Mg.
19. HumanModeling and simulation of the effect of proton pump inhibitors on magnesium homeostasis. 1. Oral absorption of magnesium.
    Mol Pharm, 2012 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 23051182DOI 10.1021/mp300323q
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Our simulations reveal that short-term PPI therapy may cause a very small reduction (5%) in the serum magnesium level, which is qualitatively consistent with the reported 1% reduction in magnesium absorption following 1 week of omeprazole in humans.
20. HumanInfluence of the consumption pattern of magnesium from magnesium-rich mineral water on magnesium bioavailability.
    Br J Nutr, 2011 · Design: crossover; stable-isotope · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
    PMID 21473800DOI 10.1017/S0007114511001139PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:The objective of the present study was to determine if the mode of administration (bolus v. consumption throughout the day) could influence Mg bioavailability from Mg-rich natural mineral water comparing the same nutritional Mg amount (126 mg).
    • Key findings · abstract:Higher Mg absorption (50·7 (SD 12·7) v. 32·4 (SD 8·1) %;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Key findings · abstract:P = 0·0007) and retention (47·5 (SD 12·9) v. 29·0 (SD 7·5) %;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · full text, p.3:6Mg was calculated by subtracting ingested Mg dose. In an experiment carried out in infants, the total amounts of 25Mg and 26Mg excreted in urine and fractional absorption of Mg of the same Mg load (20 mg) faeces from the administered dose. was increased after distributed (64·0 (SD 3·9) %) v. bolus Demographics and baseline characteristics were displayed administration (54·3 (SD 5·9) %)(7). Thus,
    • Food effect · full text, p.2:he two Mg stable isotopes were used in order to discriminate consumed 1 litre Mg-rich mineral water per d (Héparw; Nestlé between the two regimens. Fasting volunteers drank either Waters, Vittel, France), corresponding to a supplementary Mg-rich mineral water labelled with 30 mg Mg as 25MgSO4 intake of 110 mg Mg/d. The aim was to homogenise Mg when consumed twice per d or with 30 mg 26MgSO4 when
    • Form comparison · full text, p.1:¼ 0·0007) and retention (47·5 (SD 12·9) v. 29·0 (SD 7·5) %; P¼0·0008) from Mg-rich mineral water were observed when it was consumed in seven servings compared with larger servings. Thus, regular water consumption throughout the day is an effective way to increase Mg bioavailability from Mg-rich mineral water. Key words: Magnesium: Mineral water: Bioavailability Dietary reference intakes in the USA
21. HumanBioavailability of magnesium from different pharmaceutical formulations.
    Urol Res, 2011 · Design: crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 20862466DOI 10.1007/s00240-010-0309-y
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:With standardized conditions, urinary magnesium excretion increased by 40% after ingestion of the effervescent tablets, and by only 20% after intake of the capsules.
22. HumanChronic dietary fiber supplementation with wheat dextrin does not inhibit calcium and magnesium absorption in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
    J Int Med Res, 2011 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 22117983DOI 10.1177/147323001103900525
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Forty premenopausal and post menopausal women (mean ± SD age 49.9 ± 9.8 years) consumed wheat dextrin or placebo (15 g/day) for 2 weeks prior to (45)calcium ((45)Ca) and (26)magnesium ((26)Mg) absorption testing.
    • Key findings · abstract:The mean ± SD area under the curve from 0 to 9 h for (45)Ca specific activity was 0.81 ± 0.21 for wheat dextrin and 0.82 ± 0.22 for placebo, showing that wheat dextrin had no effect on calcium absorption.
    • Key findings · abstract:The mean ± SD percentage excess of (26)Mg/(24)Mg was 7.8% ± 2.1% for wheat dextrin and 7.9% ± 2.6% for placebo, showing that wheat dextrin had no effect on magnesium absorption.
    • AUC · abstract:The mean ± SD area under the curve from 0 to 9 h for (45)Ca specific activity was 0.81 ± 0.21 for wheat dextrin and 0.82 ± 0.22 for placebo, showing that wheat dextrin had no effect on calcium absorption.
23. HumanMagnesium supplementation improves indicators of low magnesium status and inflammatory stress in adults older than 51 years with poor quality sleep.
    Magnes Res, 2010 · Design: randomized · n: 100 adults · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 21199787DOI 10.1684/mrh.2010.0220
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Thus, an experiment was performed with 100 adults (22 males and 78 females) aged 59 ± 8 years (range 51 to 85 years) with poor sleep quality revealed by a Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score higher than five.
    • Key findings · abstract:Only 40 participants had plasma CRP concentrations higher than 3.0 mg/L (an indication of chronic inflammatory stress).
    • Key findings · abstract:When only the 37 participants with serum magnesium concentrations < 1.8 mg/dL (indication of deficient magnesium status) were analyzed, magnesium supplementation, but not the placebo, increased serum magnesium concentrations.
    • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium supplementation vs pla[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:Based on food diaries, 58% of the participants were consuming less than the US.
24. HumanA double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the short term effects of a spring water supplemented with magnesium bicarbonate on acid/base balance, bone metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women.
    BMC Res Notes, 2010 · Design: randomized; double-blind · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 20579398DOI 10.1186/1756-0500-3-180PMC2908636 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:Over this period biomarkers of bone turnover (serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, osteocalcin, urinary telopeptides and hydroxyproline), serum lipids (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides), venous and urinary pH were measured together with measurements of standard biochemistry, haematology and urine examinations.Serum magnesium concentrations and urinary pH in subjects consuming the magnesium bicarbonate supplemented water increased significantly at Day 84 compared to subjects consuming the spring water control (magnesium - p = 0.03; pH -[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
25. HumanShort-chain fructo-oligosaccharides improve magnesium absorption in adolescent girls with a low calcium intake.
    Nutr Res, 2009 · Design: randomized; crossover; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 19410973DOI 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.03.005
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In a crossover design, true calcium and magnesium absorption was computed on the 8th and 36th day of each treatment period from isotope enrichment in urine.
    • Key findings · abstract:Short-chain FOS increased magnesium absorption by 18% after 36 days (30.1% +/- 9.1% vs 35.4% +/- 12.8%).
    • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium absorption did not change after the initial 8 days of long-term sc-FOS intake.
    • Key findings · abstract:It is concluded that consumption of sc-FOS for 36 days stimulated magnesium absorption in girls but did not affect calcium absorption.
26. HumanRecent developments in intestinal magnesium absorption.
    Curr Opin Gastroenterol, 2008 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 18301276DOI 10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282f37b59
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:TRPM6 channel function and intestinal magnesium absorption is altered by a variety of hormones and factors.
    • Key findings · abstract:Some studies show that TRPM6 may function on its own whereas other research concludes that TRPM7 is required for effective trafficking of TRPM6 to the plasma membrane.
27. HumanEffect of lactulose on calcium and magnesium absorption: a study using stable isotopes in adult men.
    J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 2007 · Design: randomized; crossover; double-blind; stable-isotope · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (gold)
    PMID 17484373DOI 10.3177/jnsv.53.5PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:To evaluate the effect of lactulose on calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) absorption, we performed a clinical trial with a double-blind, randomized, crossover design in 24 healthy adult male volunteers.
    • Key findings · abstract:The ratios of stable isotopes in urine (44Ca/40Ca and 25Mg/24Mg) were measured by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry).
    • Key findings · abstract:The urinary stable-isotopes ratios (44Ca/40Ca and 25Mg/24Mg) increased with lactulose dosage.
    • Food effect · abstract:The test foods, containing lactulose at a dose of 0 g (placebo), 2 g (low-dose), or 4 g (high-dose) together with 300 mg of Ca containing 20 mg of 44Ca, and 150 mg of Mg containing 28 mg of 25Mg, were administered orally.
    • Food effect · abstract:Urine samples were collected for 8 h after the ingestion of the test food.
    • Fractional absorption · full text, p.7:een the highest. This suggests that the Jones KL, Sun WM, Nordin BEC. 1995. Relationship enhancement of Ca and Mg absorptions by lactulose is between fractional calcium absorption and gastric emp- due mainly to organic acids produced by the cataboliza- tying. Eur J Clin Invest 25: 123–127. tion of lactulose in the large intestine. 15) Heaney RP, Recker RR. 1985. Estimation of true cal- The enhance
    • Food effect · full text, p.7:ase the Ca permeability of the intestinal Ileal pH and apparent absorption of magnesium in rats mucosa (27). Fermentative degradation of indigestible fed on diets containing either lactose or lactulose. Br J oligosaccharides such as lactulose by intestinal bacteria Nutr 70: 747–756. produces hydrogen gas, which is absorbed in the intes- 9) Igarashi C, Ezawa I. 1991. Effects of whey calcium and tin
    • Form comparison · full text, p.5:ratios of Ratios of stable isotopes stable isotopes in the Combined-urine The least-square means of the urinary stable-isotopes The amount of Ca was compared with the ratio of ratios (44Ca/40Ca and 25Mg/24Mg) increased with stable Ca isotopes (44Ca/40Ca), and the amount of Mg increasing lactulose intake. Significant differences was compared with the ratio of stable Mg isotopes (p
      0.01) were observ
    • Form comparison · full text, p.6:inical trials have evaluated the absorptions of Ca and Mg based on urinary excre- tion (19, 20). In the present study, the amounts of min- erals were compared with the ratios of stable isotopes in the Combined urine (Fig. 5). The presence of positive correlations between these variables suggests that the urinary excretions of Ca and Mg reflect Ca and Mg absorption, as reported previously (17, 18).
28. HumanModerate magnesium deprivation results in calcium retention and altered potassium and phosphorus excretion by postmenopausal women.
    Magnes Res, 2007 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 17536485
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium deprivation increased calcium balance (+0.82 mmol or +35 mg/d versus -0.02 or -1 mg/d; p < or = 0.009); decreased the fecal excretion of phosphorus (28.9% versus 32.3% of intake; p < or =0.0001); increased the urinary excretion of phosphorus (73.4% versus 71.0%; p < 0.003); and decreased the urinary excretion of potassium (40.4 mmol or 1.58 g/d versus 41.9 mmol or 1.64 g/d; p < 0.04).
    • Food effect · abstract:The women were fed the basal diet supplemented with 9.05 mmol (220 mg) magnesium/d for 18 d (equilibration) before being assigned to one of two groups in an experiment with a double blind, crossover design.
    • Food effect · abstract:One group was fed the basal diet and supplemented with a lactose placebo while the other group continued consuming the basal diet supplemented with 9.05 mmol magnesium/d for 72 d, then each group switched to the other's diet, which they consumed for 72 d.
29. HumanEffects of oligofructose-enriched inulin on intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women.
    Br J Nutr, 2007 · Design: randomized; crossover; double-blind; stable-isotope · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
    PMID 17298707DOI 10.1017/S000711450733674XPDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:SYN1) would increase the absorption of both Ca and Mg and alter markers of bone turnover.
    • Key findings · abstract:Fractional absorption of Ca and Mg increased following SYN1 compared with placebo (P < 0.05).
    • Key findings · abstract:Bone resorption (by urinary deoxypyridinoline cross-links) was greater than baseline at 6 weeks of active treatment (P < 0.05).
    • Key findings · abstract:Bone formation (by serum osteocalcin) showed an upward trend at 3 weeks and an increase following 6 weeks of SYN1 (P < 0.05).
    • Key findings · abstract:Closer examination revealed a variation in response, with two-thirds of the subjects showing increased absorption with SYN1.
    • Key findings · abstract:Post hoc analyses demonstra[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Fractional absorption of Ca and Mg increased following SYN1 compared with placebo (P < 0.05).
    • Fractional absorption · full text, p.5:ent investigation. In contrast to the above studies, a study by Tahiri et al. (2003) reported that postmenopausal women treated with system increases fractional absorption at low intake levels non-digestible fructans for 5 weeks (5 g/d for the first 4 d, (Kayne & Lee, 1993). Some studies have indicated that post- 10 g/d for the remainder) showed no increase in Ca absorption. menopausal women with
    • Food effect · full text, p.2:tion in healthy postmenopausal blind manner. Participants were instructed to consume one women. We hypothesised that 6 weeks of treatment with packet with breakfast and one packet with dinner for 6 SYN1 would increase the efficiency of intestinal mineral weeks and to record the time of consumption. They were absorption, resulting in a reduction in bone resorption. advised that the packet contents
    • Food effect · full text, p.3:turnover Deoxypyridinoline cross-links, an index of bone resorption Biochemical analyses activity, showed an initial transient decrease at 3 weeks in Fasting serum and urine samples were stored at 2 708C until the SYN1 group (P¼0·08) but rebounded to levels greater analysed. All biochemical analyses were run on batched than baseline by 6 weeks of treatment (P, 0·05 v. baseline). specimens in a sin
    • Form comparison · full text, p.3:p was measured treatment with SYN1 (Table 2). In addition, the change in using dual X-ray absorptiometry (QDR 4000; Hologic, absorption in the active compared with the placebo group Waltham, MA, USA). The long-term precision of these was greater for both Ca (þ5·1 (SE 2·1) % v. 2 3·3 (SE 2·2); measurements in our laboratory is 1·5 % at each site for this P, 0·05) and Mg (þ5·2 (SE 2·9) % v. 24·3 (SE
30. HumanSmall bowel absorption of magnesium and calcium sulphate from a natural mineral water in subjects with ileostomy.
    Eur J Nutr, 2006 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 16010453DOI 10.1007/s00394-005-0570-y
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Apparent mineral absorption from 0.5 L of natural mineral water with either a high or a low mineral content consumed in the fasting state was compared.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: When compared with the control, the median absorbed amount of magnesium increased from 0.8 (0-1.34) mmol/d to 1.2 (0.8-1.9) mmol/d,which corresponded to a 30% increase (P = 0.028).
    • Key findings · abstract:Median amount of calcium absorbed increased from 8.3 (6.7-13.6) mmol/d to 14.8 (8.3-20.4) mmol/d, i. e. a 45% increase (P = 0.027).
    • Key findings · abstract:The sulphate absorption increased from 1.9 (1.3-2.2) mmol/d to 5.1 (4.2-6.8) mmol/d,which corresponded to 197 % increase[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:RESULTS: When compared with the control, the median absorbed amount of magnesium increased from 0.8 (0-1.34) mmol/d to 1.2 (0.8-1.9) mmol/d,which corresponded to a 30% increase (P = 0.028).
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Median amount of calcium absorbed increased from 8.3 (6.7-13.6) mmol/d to 14.8 (8.3-20.4) mmol/d, i. e. a 45% increase (P = 0.027).
    • Food effect · abstract:Apparent mineral absorption from 0.5 L of natural mineral water with either a high or a low mineral content consumed in the fasting state was compared.
31. HumanMagnesium absorption from mineral waters of different magnesium content in healthy subjects.
    Forsch Komplementmed, 2006 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 16582545DOI 10.1159/000090016
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Changes in serum Mg levels in the first 4 hours after intake differed significantly between the groups (p = 0.030;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:INTERVENTION: After a standardized breakfast, each participant received, in Latin square order, 500 ml of either of two Mg-rich mineral waters (281 or 120 mg/l).
32. HumanStable isotopes in studies of intestinal absorption, exchangeable pools and mineral status: the example of magnesium.
    J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2005 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 16240679DOI 10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.07.002
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
33. HumanPhytic acid added to white-wheat bread inhibits fractional apparent magnesium absorption in humans.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2004 · Design: randomized; crossover; stable-isotope · n: 9 healthy adults · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 14985216DOI 10.1093/ajcn/79.3.418
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The addition of phytic acid lowered fractional apparent magnesium absorption from 32.5 +/- 6.9% (no added phytic acid) to 13.0 +/- 6.9% (1.49 mmol added phytic acid;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:Test meals were based on 200 g phytic acid-free wheat bread; test meals with and without added phytic acid were served on days 1 and 3 according to a crossover design.
    • Food effect · abstract:Each test meal was labeled with 0.7 mmol (25)Mg or 1.1 mmol (26)Mg.
    • Food effect · abstract:The total magnesium content was standardized to 3.6 mmol in all test meals.
34. HumanFractional magnesium absorption is significantly lower in human subjects from a meal served with an oxalate-rich vegetable, spinach, as compared with a meal served with kale, a vegetable with a low oxalate content.
    Br J Nutr, 2004 · Design: crossover; stable-isotope · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
    PMID 15035687DOI 10.1079/BJN20031081PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:The results from the present study demonstrated that apparent Mg absorption was significantly lower from the meal served with spinach (26.7 (sd 10.4) %) than the meal served with kale (36.5 (sd 11.8) %) (P=0.01).
    • Food effect · abstract:The test meals were based on 100 g phytate-free white bread, served with 300 g spinach (6.6 mmol oxalate; 0.7 mmol (25)Mg label added, 5.0 mmol total Mg) or 300 g kale (0.1 mmol oxalate; 1.2 mmol (26)Mg label added, 4.8 mmol total Mg).
    • Food effect · abstract:The test meals were served on days 1 and 3, at breakfast and lunch, using a cross-over design.
    • Food effect · full text, p.1:2004 Fractional magnesium absorption is significantly lower in human subjects from a meal served with an oxalate-rich vegetable, spinach, as compared with a meal served with kale, a vegetable with a low oxalate content Torsten Bohn, Lena Davidsson*, Thomas Walczyk and Richard F. Hurrell Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
    • Form comparison · full text, p.1:Authors 2004 Fractional magnesium absorption is significantly lower in human subjects from a meal served with an oxalate-rich vegetable, spinach, as compared with a meal served with kale, a vegetable with a low oxalate content Torsten Bohn, Lena Davidsson*, Thomas Walczyk and Richard F. Hurrell Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Swiss Federal Institute of Tech
    • Form comparison · full text, p.4:parent Mg absorption can be assumed to be, at least partly, counterbalanced by the approximately Mean SD Mean SD 30 % higher Mg content of spinach as compared with Total Mg (mmol) 4·98 0·01 4·82 0·05 kale (Holland et al. 1994; Souci et al. 1994); native Mg Added Mg label content of spinach was 26 % higher than that of kale in 25 Mg (mmol) 0·66 0·01 – 26 Mg (mmol) – 1·19 0·02 the test meals evaluat
    • Form comparison · full text, p.5:et al. 1994). It is not counterbalanced by the higher native Mg content of spi- clear to what extent insoluble oxalates dissolve in the gas- nach as compared with kale. tric juice and it could be speculated that soluble oxalates would have a more pronounced negative impact on mineral and trace element absorption due to their ability to form References complexes with minerals and trace elements in
35. HumanComparison of urinary monitoring, faecal monitoring and erythrocyte analysis of stable isotope labels to determine magnesium absorption in human subjects.
    Br J Nutr, 2004 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
    PMID 14748944DOI 10.1079/bjn20031023PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Complete collections of faeces were made until excretion of the second brilliant blue marker (given on day 7).
    • Key findings · abstract:Absorption was determined based on: (1) 6 d urine pools;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Key findings · abstract:(5) faecal pools based on the first three consecutive stools after excretion of the first brilliant blue marker.
    • Key findings · abstract:Differences in mean Mg absorption (42 44 %) were statistically insignificant between techniques, except when based on 6 d urine pools for which the value was significantly lower (33 (sd 7) %, P=0.0003, ANOVA).
    • Key findings · abstract:The results indicate that Mg absorption can be determined from 24 h urine pools or erythrocytes obtai[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:Urine was collected for 6 d after test meal intake.
    • Food effect · abstract:(2) 24 h urine pools (collected 22-46 h after test meal intake);
    • Food effect · abstract:The results indicate that Mg absorption can be determined from 24 h urine pools or erythrocytes obtained 14 d after test meal intake, an alternative method to the more time-consuming and labour-intense faecal monitoring.
    • Form comparison · full text, p.6:oudray et al. 1997). Isotopic analysis of erythrocytes, however, is more demanding. Isotopic enrichments in erythrocytes are significantly lower when compared with Fig. 1. Correlation between fractional excretion of the oral isotope faecal pools and require more precise isotope ratio label (25Mg) and the quantitative faecal marker (ytterbium) in three- stool pools (y ¼ 1·024x – 0·241; R 0·99, P,0·
36. HumanEnergy value of a low-digestible carbohydrate, NUTRIOSE FB, and its impact on magnesium, calcium and zinc apparent absorption and retention in healthy young men.
    Eur J Nutr, 2004 · Design: crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 15309452DOI 10.1007/s00394-004-0477-z
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In vitro enzymatic digestibility of the LDC was 15 (SD 1.5) %, and 9.2 (SD 8.3) % of the LDC was excreted in faeces (P<0.001).
    • Key findings · abstract:Ingestion of the LDC significantly increased the relative apparent absorption of Mg, and Mg retention by 67% and 31 mg/d, respectively, tended to increase Ca apparent absorption (P=0.110) and Ca retention (P=0.059), but did not significantly alter Zn parameters.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Ingestion of the LDC significantly increased the relative apparent absorption of Mg, and Mg retention by 67% and 31 mg/d, respectively, tended to increase Ca apparent absorption (P=0.110) and Ca retention (P=0.059), but did not significantly alter Zn parameters.
    • Food effect · abstract:METHODS: Ten healthy young men were fed for 31 d periods a maintenance diet supplemented with either dextrose or the LDC at a level of 100 g DM/d, in six equal doses per d according to a cross-over design.
    • Food effect · abstract:After a 20 d adaptation period, food intake was determined for 11 days using the duplicate meal method, and faeces and urine were collected for 10 d for further analyses.
37. HumanAbsorption and effect of the magnesium content of a mineral water in the human body.
    J Am Coll Nutr, 2004 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 15637230DOI 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719424
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The kinetics of magnesium (Mg) absorption, after drinking Magnesia mineral water (204 mg Mg/L), was investigated in healthy humans aged (23-60 yrs).
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum Mg levels increased in all cases, and returned to individual normal values after 48 hrs.
    • Key findings · abstract:For example, two subjects, who had the same initial serum Mg levels (79 m/M/L), responded to consumption of Magnesia mineral water similarly, with comparable rise of serum Mg but with different urinary Mg excretion, one rapidly excreting Mg, while the other lost less Mg over a longer period of time.
38. HumanMeasurement of magnesium absorption and retention in type 2 diabetic patients with the use of stable isotopes.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2003 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 12936928DOI 10.1093/ajcn/78.3.448
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: Magnesium absorption from a test meal and the excretion and retention of magnesium were compared between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy control subjects.
    • Key findings · abstract:Apparent absorption was calculated as the difference between the oral dose of (26)Mg isotopic label and the total amount of the isotopic label excreted in the feces.
    • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium retention was calculated from the apparent absorption and urinary excretion of (26)Mg isotopic label in the 6 d after administration.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) values for fractional magnesium absorption in the diabetic patients and the control s[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Apparent absorption was calculated as the difference between the oral dose of (26)Mg isotopic label and the total amount of the isotopic label excreted in the feces.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Magnesium retention was calculated from the apparent absorption and urinary excretion of (26)Mg isotopic label in the 6 d after administration.
    • Food effect · abstract:OBJECTIVE: Magnesium absorption from a test meal and the excretion and retention of magnesium were compared between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy control subjects.
39. HumanTwo polyol, low digestible carbohydrates improve the apparent absorption of magnesium but not of calcium in healthy young men.
    J Nutr, 2003 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 12514273DOI 10.1093/jn/133.1.90
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The relative apparent absorptions of Ca and Mg from the control diet were (means +/- SEM) 33.3 +/- 4.6 and 39.8 +/- 2.7%, respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:Ingestion of both low digestible carbohydrates significantly increased the relative apparent absorption of Mg by about 25%.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:The relative apparent absorptions of Ca and Mg from the control diet were (means +/- SEM) 33.3 +/- 4.6 and 39.8 +/- 2.7%, respectively.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Ingestion of both low digestible carbohydrates significantly increased the relative apparent absorption of Mg by about 25%.
40. HumanUrinary magnesium excretion in asthmatic children receiving magnesium supplementation: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
    Magnes Res, 2003 · Design: randomized; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 14979636
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The aims of this study were to establish whether a magnesium (Mg) deficit indicated by a decreased urinary excretion exists and to determine whether 12-week oral Mg supplementation affects the Mg status and bronchodilator use in children with stable bronchial asthma.
    • Key findings · abstract:Venous blood serum total and free Mg and urine Mg levels were determined at the beginning and end of the 12-week period.
    • Key findings · abstract:A urinary Mg loss (6.81 +/- 3.9 versus 2.79 +/- 1.39 mmol/day, p = 0.01) was observed in the placebo-treated persistent moderate asthmatics.
    • Key findings · abstract:Bronchodilator use was significantly higher after 8 and 12 weeks[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
41. HumanMeal effect on magnesium bioavailability from mineral water in healthy women.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2002 · Design: crossover; stable-isotope · n: 10 healthy women · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 11756061DOI 10.1093/ajcn/75.1.65
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to determine magnesium bioavailability from magnesium-rich (110 mg/L) mineral water in healthy subjects when consumed alone and to evaluate the effect of simultaneous meal consumption.
    • Key findings · abstract:DESIGN: Magnesium bioavailability was measured in 10 healthy women with the use of a crossover design.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) magnesium absorption from mineral water consumed alone was 45.7 +/- 4.6% (range: 40.2-55.5%) and was significantly greater (P = 0.0001) when it was consumed with a meal (52.3 +/- 3.9%; 46.2-60.2%), a relative difference of 14.4%.
    • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium retention[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: In healthy young women, approximately 50% of the magnesium from magnesium-rich mineral water was absorbed when consumed alone.
    • Food effect · abstract:RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) magnesium absorption from mineral water consumed alone was 45.7 +/- 4.6% (range: 40.2-55.5%) and was significantly greater (P = 0.0001) when it was consumed with a meal (52.3 +/- 3.9%; 46.2-60.2%), a relative difference of 14.4%.
    • Food effect · abstract:Magnesium retention also was significantly greater (P = 0.0004) when mineral water was consumed with a meal (41.5 +/- 4.2%; 35.2-50.6%) than when consumed alone (37.4 +/- 4.0%; 33.1-47.0%), a relative difference of 11.0%.
42. HumanFive-week intake of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides increases intestinal absorption and status of magnesium in postmenopausal women.
    J Bone Miner Res, 2001 · Design: randomized; crossover; double-blind; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 11697813DOI 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.11.2152
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the effect of moderate daily doses of sc-FOSs (10 g/day) on the intestinal absorption and status of Mg in postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
    • Key findings · abstract:An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP/MS) was used for 25Mg stable isotope measurements in feces, urine, and blood.
    • Key findings · abstract:The results show that the addition of 10 g sc-FOS to the diet increased Mg absorption by 12.3%, from 30.2 +/- 5.0% (placebo treatment) to 33.9 +/- 7.2% (sc-FOS treatment; mean +/- SD; p < 0.02).
    • Key findings · abstract:This increase in intestinal Mg absorption was accompanie[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
43. HumanBioavailability of US commercial magnesium preparations.
    Magnes Res, 2001 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 11794633
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability was measured as the increment of urinary maginesium excretion in normal volunteers given approximately 21 mEq/day of the test preparations.
    • Key findings · abstract:Results indicated relatively poor bioavailability of magnesium oxide (fractional absorption 4 per cent) but significantly higher and equivalent bioavailability of magnesium chloride, magnesium lactate and magnesium aspartate.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Results indicated relatively poor bioavailability of magnesium oxide (fractional absorption 4 per cent) but significantly higher and equivalent bioavailability of magnesium chloride, magnesium lactate and magnesium aspartate.
44. HumanMagnesium absorption using stable isotope tracers in healthy children and children treated for leukemia.
    Nutrition, 2001 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 11312063DOI 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00507-4
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Fractional and absolute absorption levels determined by SIFRT were not significantly different between children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (fractional absorption: 58.3 +/- 10.6% [mean +/- SEM], absolute absorption: 3.66 +/- 0.71 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), [0.15 +/- 0.03 mmol x kg(-1) x d(-1)]) and control children (fractional absorption: 61.4 +/- 7.5%, absolute absorption: 5.69 +/- 0.85 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), [0.23 +/- 0.03 mmol x kg(-1) x d(-1)]).
    • Key findings · abstract:Average Mg absorption in young children (aged 3--8 y) was 60.2 +/- 5.8%.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Fractional and absolute absorption levels determined by SIFRT were not significantly different between children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (fractional absorption: 58.3 +/- 10.6% [mean +/- SEM], absolute absorption: 3.66 +/- 0.71 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), [0.15 +/- 0.03 mmol x kg(-1) x d(-1)]) and control children (fractional absorption: 61.4 +/- 7.5%, absolute absorption: 5.69 +/- 0.85 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), [0.23 +/- 0.03 mmol x kg(-1) x d(-1)]).
45. HumanAbsorption of calcium and magnesium in patients with intestinal resections treated with medium chain fatty acids.
    Gut, 2000 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 10807894DOI 10.1136/gut.46.6.819PMC1756436 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Medium chain C8-C10 triglycerides (MCTs) improve fat absorption in patients with small bowel resections but the effects on intestinal absorption of divalent cations are not clear.
    • Key findings · abstract:On average, percentage calcium absorption was 8.6% with the LCT diet and 12.5% with the L/MCT diet.
    • Key findings · abstract:Mean percentage magnesium absorption was 5.4% with the LCT diet and 2.9% with the L/MCT diet.
46. HumanEffect of magnesium supplementation on the fractional intestinal absorption of 45CaCl2 in women with a low erythrocyte magnesium concentration.
    Metabolism, 2000 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 10954032DOI 10.1053/meta.2000.7711
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:We investigated the effect of magnesium supplementation on parameters of bone resorption and fractional 45Ca absorption.
    • Key findings · abstract:Urinary calcium, 45Ca, and deoxypyridinoline excretion, as well as serum intact PTH levels, showed no statistically significant changes as a result of magnesium supplementation.
    • Key findings · abstract:However, urinary magnesium excretion increased by 31.1% (P < .005) while fractional 45Ca absorption decreased by 23.5% (P < .001) as a result of magnesium supplementation.
    • Key findings · abstract:It is concluded that magnesium supplementation does not result in changes in bone resorption, while the fractional intestin[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
47. HumanMethodologies for using stable isotopes to assess magnesium absorption and secretion in children.
    J Am Coll Nutr, 1999 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 10067656DOI 10.1080/07315724.1999.10718824
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Our data demonstrate that, after oral and intravenous dosing of isotopes, a complete 72-hour urine collection will allow for determination of fractional magnesium absorption.
    • Key findings · abstract:In our study, urinary, but not endogenous fecal magnesium excretion, was closely correlated with magnesium intake (r = 0.47, p = 0.02 vs r = 0.08, p = 0.69).
    • Key findings · abstract:Using high-precision analytical techniques, an intravenous dose of 25Mg of approximately 0.2 to 0.3 mg/kg would be adequate for absorption measurements.
48. HumanThe interrelationship of calcium and magnesium absorption in idiopathic hypercalciuria and renal calcium stone disease.
    J Urol, 1998 · Design: not stated · n: 11 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 9474122DOI 10.1097/00005392-199803000-00009
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the fractional enteral absorption of 47calcium and 28magnesium in 11 patients with renal calcium stone disease, including 8 with and 3 without hypercalciuria.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: We noted no clear influence of either cation on the absorption of the other in the 3 patients without hypercalciuria.
    • Key findings · abstract:However, in the 8 hypercalciuric patients enteral calcium absorption decreased after the concurrent administration of magnesium and enteral magnesium absorption increased after the concurrent administration of calcium.
49. HumanMetabolic responses of postmenopausal women to supplemental dietary boron and aluminum during usual and low magnesium intake: boron, calcium, and magnesium absorption and retention and blood mineral concentrations.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 1997 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 9062533DOI 10.1093/ajcn/65.3.803
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The SB treatment, compared with the BB treatment, provided a 9.0-fold increase in dietary boron but yielded only a 1.5-fold increase in plasma boron concentrations.
    • Key findings · abstract:Regardless of boron dietary treatment, fecal plus urinary excretion of boron accounted for nearly 100% of dietary boron intake with no evidence of boron accumulation over time.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The SB treatment, compared with the BB treatment, provided a 9.0-fold increase in dietary boron but yielded only a 1.5-fold increase in plasma boron concentrations.
    • Food effect · abstract:Eleven postmenopausal volunteers living on a metabolic ward for 167 d (one 23-d equilibration period and six 24-d treatment periods) were fed a conventional basal diet that supplied a daily average intake of 0.36 mg B, 109 mg Mg, and < 0.10 mg A1/8400 kJ.
50. HumanEffect of soluble or partly soluble dietary fibres supplementation on absorption and balance of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in healthy young men.
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 1997 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 9192195DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600417
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn were measured in diets and in a 8 d urine and faecal composites to assess mineral absorption and balance.
    • Key findings · abstract:The apparent absorption of minerals from the control diet was (%) Ca: 21.3 +/- 12.5;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:The apparent absorption of minerals from the control diet was (%) Ca: 21.3 +/- 12.5;
    • Food effect · abstract:During the 20 d adaptation period to fibre ingestion, experimental fibres were incorporated into bread (60%) and liquid foods (40%) up to a maximum of 40 g/d.
    • Food effect · abstract:SPONSORSHIP: This project was supported by the French Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Foods (programme Aliment #2002-Aliment Demain;
51. HumanZinc, copper and magnesium absorption from a fibre-rich diet.
    J Trace Elem Med Biol, 1996 · Design: stable-isotope · n: 8 healthy subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 8829129DOI 10.1016/S0946-672X(96)80014-9
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Zinc, copper and magnesium absorption and retention from a high-fibre and high-phytate diet of conventional foods were investigated in 8 healthy subjects.
    • Key findings · abstract:In addition, apparent absorption, retention and endogenous losses were estimated for the respective minerals based on fecal and urinary excretion over the last 16 days of 21 days constant intake.
    • Key findings · abstract:The absorption of zinc, copper and magnesium was 29 +/- 12% (x +/- SD) (48 +/- 20 mumol), 44 +/- 7% (8 +/- 1 mumol) and 46 +/- 6% (5 +/- 1 mmol), respectively.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:In addition, apparent absorption, retention and endogenous losses were estimated for the respective minerals based on fecal and urinary excretion over the last 16 days of 21 days constant intake.
    • Food effect · abstract:Zinc, copper and magnesium absorption and retention from a high-fibre and high-phytate diet of conventional foods were investigated in 8 healthy subjects.
52. HumanHypochlorhydria from short-term omeprazole treatment does not inhibit intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or zinc from food in humans.
    J Am Coll Nutr, 1995 · Design: clinical trial · n: n = 5 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 8568113DOI 10.1080/07315724.1995.10718522
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Mineral absorption was measured twice in each subject, once with 120 mL of 0.1 mol/liter hydrochloric acid and a second time with 120 mL of distilled water alone.
    • Food effect · abstract:Omeprazole treatment of normal volunteers resulted in a significant change in postprandial gastric pH (pH 6.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.5 in control subjects, p < 0.01) and baseline fasting pH (pH 5.8 +/- 0.5 vs. pH 1.8 +/- 0.3 in controls, p < 0.01) after an overnight fast.
53. HumanBioavailability of magnesium diglycinate vs magnesium oxide in patients with ileal resection.
    JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 1994 · Design: randomized; crossover; double-blind; stable-isotope · n: 12 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 7815675DOI 10.1177/0148607194018005430
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized crossover trial with 12 patients who had ileal resections in order to compare the bioavailability of a 100-mg dose of 26Mg-labeled chelate with MgO in this patient population.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: For the patient group as a whole, 26Mg absorption was low but was not different for the two supplements (23.5% vs 22.8% for magnesium chelate and MgO, respectively).
    • Key findings · abstract:However, 26Mg absorption was substantially greater from the chelate (23.5% vs 11.8%; p < .05) in the four patients who showed the greatest impairment of magnesium absorption with MgO and was bette[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:Peak isotope enrichment also occurred significantly earlier after 26Mg chelate than after 26MgO ingestion (mean difference 3.2 +/- 1.3 hours; p < .05), and the area under the enrichment vs time curve was greater after chelate ingestion (p < .05).
54. HumanInhibitory effects of zinc on magnesium balance and magnesium absorption in man.
    J Am Coll Nutr, 1994 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 7836627DOI 10.1080/07315724.1994.10718438
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: Both zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) are widely used as nutritional supplements and the possibility was considered that Zn may interfere with the absorption of Mg, similar to previously reported results [1,2] obtained with the same dose of supplemental Zn on the absorption of calcium (Ca).
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: Mg absorption studies and metabolic balances of Mg and of Zn were carried out in three groups of adult males in a metabolic research unit during the intake of supplemental doses of 142 mg Zn as Zn sulfate (ZnSO4) during Ca intakes of 230, 500 and 800 mg/day.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The Zn intake of 142[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
55. Human[Assessment of bioavailability of magnesium preparations].
    Wiad Lek, 1994 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 7716929
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
56. HumanEffect of magnesium on the intestinal absorption of calcium in man.
    J Am Coll Nutr, 1994 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 7836628DOI 10.1080/07315724.1994.10718439
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: The intestinal absorption of Ca, using 47CaCl2 as the tracer, and metabolic balances of Ca, phosphorus (P) and Mg were determined in five adult males under strictly controlled dietary conditions in control studies and during Mg supplementation.
    • Key findings · abstract:The only change was the higher 1-hour 47Ca plasma level in the 47Ca absorption studies during the high Mg intake.
    • Key findings · abstract:There was also no change in Ca excretion or Ca balance during the high Mg intake at the normal Ca intake of 800 mg/day.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSION: The increased Mg intake of 826 mg did not affect intestinal Ca absorption determined with trac[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
57. HumanUrinary excretion of magnesium and calcium as an index of absorption is not affected by lactose intake in healthy adults.
    Br J Nutr, 1993 · Design: crossover; double-blind · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
    PMID 8329360DOI 10.1079/bjn19930086PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:The effect of lactose on the urinary excretion of Mg and Ca, as an index of absorption, was studied in a double-blind, crossover study during three 1-week periods.
    • Key findings · abstract:Mg supplementation significantly increased urinary Mg excretion by 0.97 mmol/d (equivalent to an increase of 18%, P < 0.001), indicating that urinary Mg excretion is a valid indicator for intestinal Mg absorption.
    • Food effect · full text, p.2:y products that had to be consumed; the daily lactose intake from these products corresponded to 1 litre normal milk. The chocolate milk was consumed with breakfast (200 g/d) and lunch (200 g/d) and the vanilla custard with dinner (200 g/d). The calculated daily lactose intake was 135.6 mmol/d from the lactose-enriched products and 8.6 (products without added Mg) or 9.2 mmol/d (products with added
    • Form comparison · full text, p.4:hat the lactose-enriched, lactase-treated, Mg- enriched products were consumed. This was associated with a negligible increase in lactose intake when compared with the lactose-enriched, lactase-treated period (control treatment). Otherwise, there were no significant differences in nutrient intake between the dietary periods. Urinary variables Urinary excretions of creatinine, urea, phosphate and N
    • Form comparison · full text, p.5:bayashi et ul. 1975; Ziegler & Fomon, 1983; Wirth et al. 1990). Kobayashi et al. (1975) reported that lactase-treated lactose increased Mg absorption compared with untreated lactose. This is an unexpected finding. However, Mg intake was not reported and differences in Mg intake between experimental groups cannot be excluded. Wirth et al. (1990) reported that lactose increases Mg absorption, but la
    • Form comparison · full text, p.6:is, Birlouez-Aragon (1988) showed that after milk consumption lactose-intolerant subjects absorb less Ca than lactose-tolerant subjects. Furthermore, compared with normal milk, lactase-treated milk enhanced Ca absorption in lactose-intolerant subjects but had no effect in lactose-tolerant subjects (Birlouez-Aragon, 1988). The present study supports the latter observation. In lactose- tolerant youn
58. HumanRenal elimination of magnesium as a parameter of bioavailability of oral magnesium therapy.
    Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 1992 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 1507928
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability of 5 mg magnesium-DL-hydrogen aspartate was 44.5% and for magnesium-L-hydrogen aspartate 41.7%.
59. HumanBioavailability of potassium and magnesium, and citraturic response from potassium-magnesium citrate.
    J Urol, 1991 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 1988724DOI 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38330-1
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability of potassium and magnesium, and the citraturic response were determined for the new compound, potassium-magnesium citrate, in 14 normal volunteers.
    • Key findings · abstract:Test loads included potassium-magnesium citrate (49 mEq. potassium, 24.5 mEq. magnesium and 73.5 mEq. citrate), potassium citrate (50 mEq.), potassium chloride (50 mEq.) and magnesium citrate (25 mEq.) Urinary potassium, magnesium and citrate were measured for each collection period.
    • Key findings · abstract:However, it gave the highest citraturic response, since the cumulative increment in urinary citrate post-load was 129 mg. daily for potassium-m[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
60. HumanIntestinal absorption of magnesium from food and supplements.
    J Clin Invest, 1991 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 1864954DOI 10.1172/JCI115317PMC295344 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Net magnesium absorption was measured in normal subjects after they ingested a standard meal supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mEq of magnesium acetate.
    • Key findings · abstract:Although absorption increased with each increment in intake, fractional magnesium absorption fell progressively (from 65% at the lowest to 11% at the highest intake) so that absorption as a function of intake was curvilinear.
    • Key findings · abstract:Our results are statistically compatible with a magnesium absorption process that simultaneously uses a mechanism that reaches an absorptive maximum, plus a mechanism that endlessly absorbs a defined fraction (7[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Compared to previous studies of calcium absorption, much less magnesium that calcium was absorbed at intakes above 8 mEq/meal, apparently due to greater restriction of intestinal permeability to magnesium.
61. HumanEffect of oat bran muffins on calcium absorption and calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc balance in men.
    J Nutr, 1991 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 1658279DOI 10.1093/jn/121.12.1976
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Metabolic balance studies were conducted in adult human males to investigate the effect of oat bran on the nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc balance, on the intestinal absorption of calcium and on the endogenous fecal calcium, using 47CaCl2 as the tracer.
    • Key findings · abstract:The intake of the oat bran muffins led to a significant increase in urinary phosphorus and significant decreases in urinary calcium and 47Ca excretions.
    • Key findings · abstract:The intestinal absorption of calcium, determined with 47Ca, did not change, whereas the endogenous fecal calcium increased slightly but significantly.
62. HumanCalcium, magnesium, zinc, and iron balances in young women: effects of a low-phytate barley-fiber concentrate.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 1991 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 1652199DOI 10.1093/ajcn/54.3.553
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The mean apparent iron absorption was 16.1, 5.4, and -23.2 mumol when these three diets, respectively, were consumed.
63. HumanMagnesium bioavailability from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide.
    J Am Coll Nutr, 1990 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 2407766DOI 10.1080/07315724.1990.10720349
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The increment in urinary magnesium following magnesium citrate load (25 mmol) was significantly higher than that obtained from magnesium oxide load (during 4 hours post-load, 0.22 vs 0.006 mg/mg creatinine, p less than 0.05; during second 2 hours post-load, 0.035 vs 0.008 mg/mg creatinine, p less than 0.05).
64. HumanBioavailability of oral magnesium supplementation in female students evaluated from elimination of magnesium in 24-hour urine.
    Magnes Trace Elem, 1990 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 2130825
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability of Mg from different preparations after oral intake has been evaluated by measuring the Mg elimination in 24-hour urine during placebo and treatment periods in 18 normal female students receiving 15-20.6 mmol/day.
65. HumanSevere selective magnesium malabsorption: tests of tolerance of oral magnesium supplements.
    Magnes Res, 1990 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 2132677
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Since his birth, we have been monitoring a 12-year-old boy suffering from selective severe magnesium malabsorption.
    • Key findings · abstract:A recent test featuring GLP of Mg 40 g + cocoa butter 40 g + cocoa 10 g, brought about vomiting and diarrhoea, and was not adequately absorbed.
    • Key findings · abstract:Such composition yields a caramel cream absorbed in five small portions, at a daily quantity of 375 g (80 g GLP Mg, 10 g Mg2+).
    • Key findings · abstract:Vitamin B6, which promotes intestinal absorption of magnesium, must be given separately in tablet form at a dose of 1 g/d, since it causes nausea if it is included in the Mg preparation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:A recent test featuring GLP of Mg 40 g + cocoa butter 40 g + cocoa 10 g, brought about vomiting and diarrhoea, and was not adequately absorbed.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Such composition yields a caramel cream absorbed in five small portions, at a daily quantity of 375 g (80 g GLP Mg, 10 g Mg2+).
66. HumanCalcium supplements and milk: effects on acid-base balance and on retention of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 1989 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 2923085DOI 10.1093/ajcn/49.3.527
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Supplementation of the diet with CaCl and to a lesser extent with milk significantly increased renal acid excretion whereas supplementation with CaCO3 depressed renal acid excretion.
67. HumanAbsorption of calcium and magnesium from fortified human milk by very low birth weight infants.
    Pediatr Res, 1989 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 2717266DOI 10.1203/00006450-198905000-00015
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Absorption of calcium and magnesium endogenous to human milk, as well as calcium and magnesium added as an exogenous supplement to human milk, was determined in 9 very low birth wt infants.
    • Key findings · abstract:These results demonstrate that the fractional absorptions of calcium in the human milk and the added mineral supplement are 80 and 82%, respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:A total of 89% magnesium endogenous to human milk and 86% of magnesium derived from the mineral supplement was absorbed by the VLBW infants.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:These results demonstrate that the fractional absorptions of calcium in the human milk and the added mineral supplement are 80 and 82%, respectively.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:A total of 89% magnesium endogenous to human milk and 86% of magnesium derived from the mineral supplement was absorbed by the VLBW infants.
68. HumanAbsorption of magnesium from orally administered magnesium sulfate in man.
    J Toxicol Clin Toxicol, 1987 · Design: not stated · n: 6 healthy men · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 3430654DOI 10.3109/15563658708992640
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Baseline 24-hour urinary excretion rates of magnesium and creatinine were determined over 3 consecutive days in 6 healthy men.
    • Key findings · abstract:The oral administration of 13.9 g (56.5 mmoles) magnesium sulfate U.S.P., in 4 equal hourly increments, resulted in the urinary excretion (corrected for baseline excretion rate) of 4.0 +/- 2.9% (mean +/- SD) of the dose of magnesium during the first 24 hours and 6.9 +/- 7.0% of the dose during a 72-hour interval.
    • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium sulfate administration had no effect on the 24-hour urinary excretion rate of creatinine.
    • Key findings · abstract:The baseline excretion rate of magnesium was signifi[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
69. HumanExtrusion cooking of a high-fibre cereal product. 2. Effects on apparent absorption of zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in humans.
    Br J Nutr, 1986 · Design: randomized · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
    PMID 2823864DOI 10.1079/bjn19860032PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:The effect of extrusion cooking, using mild conditions, of a high-fibre cereal product on apparent small bowel absorption of zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was studied. 2.
    • Key findings · abstract:The apparent absorption of Zn, Mg and P was significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) during the period with extruded product compared with the period with bran-gluten-starch.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:The apparent absorption of Zn, Mg and P was significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) during the period with extruded product compared with the period with bran-gluten-starch.
    • Food effect · full text, p.3:ponding extruded product (period B) as described previously (Sandberg et al. 1986). The subjects were weighed at the start and end of each period and fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the study for Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg, P, TIBC and Hb analyses. The volunteers collected all ileostomy contents during the two periods. They changed ileostomy bags every 2 h except for the bag used durin
    • Form comparison · full text, p.4:on the day of consumption (Sandberg et al. 1981, 1983). Moreover, on a constant mineral intake, ileal excretion shows much less day-to-day variation compared with mineral faecal excretion in subjects with an intact colon (Isaksson & Sjogren, 1967). Therefore it is possible to obtain reliable results from short-term balance studies on subjects with an ileostomy (Sandberg et al. 1982). Our present s
70. HumanGlucose polymer increases jejunal calcium, magnesium, and zinc absorption in humans.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 1986 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 3728361DOI 10.1093/ajcn/44.2.244
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:When 4 mM glucose polymer was perfused net calcium absorption increased by fourfold (95 vs 488 mumol/30 cm/h), and net jejunal uptake of magnesium (393 mumol/30 cm/h) was observed, as compared to net magnesium secretion in the absence of glucose polymer.
    • Key findings · abstract:In addition, coadministration of glucose polymer doubled net zinc absorption (13 vs 29 mumol/30 cm/h).
    • Key findings · abstract:The rate of water absorption increased from 49 to 111 ml/30 cm/h.
    • Key findings · abstract:No further change in jejunal water and mineral absorption was observed when glucose polymer in the perfusate was increased from 4 to 8 mM.
71. HumanMagnesium absorption in human subjects from leafy vegetables, intrinsically labeled with stable 26Mg.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 1984 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 6711467DOI 10.1093/ajcn/39.4.571
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Exchangeability was 90% or higher from all meals tested.
    • Key findings · abstract:Net absorption values ranged from 40 to 60%.
    • Food effect · abstract:Each test meal contained 30 microCi 28MgCl2 and 50 mg stable 26Mg, the latter either as the intrinsic label of a test vegetable or as 26MgCl2 in solution taken with the standard bran muffins.
72. HumanMagnesium and potassium deprivation and supplementation in animals and man: aspects in view of intestinal absorption.
    Magnesium, 1984 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 6543590
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
73. HumanEffect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on calcium and magnesium absorption in the healthy human jejunum and ileum.
    Am J Med, 1983 · Design: not stated · n: 10 subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 6689108DOI 10.1016/0002-9343(83)90877-x
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In calcium deficiency states such as chronic renal failure, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases calcium and magnesium absorption toward normal levels.
    • Key findings · abstract:In the present study, the ability of exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to increase calcium and magnesium absorption above normal rates in healthy subjects was investigated.
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration increased from 25.8 +/- 2.5 pg/ml to 56.4 +/- 6.6 (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05).
    • Key findings · abstract:Jejunal magnesium absorption also was enhanced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
    • Key findings · abstract:These studies demonstrate that in healthy persons, exogenous 1,2[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
74. HumanAbsorption of magnesium chloride solution in small bowel disease.
    Clin Nutr, 1983 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 16829399DOI 10.1016/0261-5614(83)90013-4
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The mean net absorption of magnesium increased to 4.5, 4.9, 5.8 and 16.4 mmol magnesium per day, when a supply of 25 mmol magnesium was given.
75. HumanOral magnesium load test for the assessment of intestinal magnesium absorption. Application in control subjects, absorptive hypercalciuria, primary hyperparathyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism.
    Miner Electrolyte Metab, 1982 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 6897741
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The intestinal absorption of magnesium (Mg) was estimated from the increment in urinary Mg following oral administration of 25 mmol of Mg.
    • Key findings · abstract:The results suggest that 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D stimulates Mg absorption, since Mg absorption was elevated in situations associated with stimulated 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D synthesis (primary hyperparathyroidism and low calcium diet) and reduced in a condition characterized by low 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D production (hypoparathyroidism).
    • Key findings · abstract:Moreover, the data indicate that 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D may not be pathogenetically important in absorptive hypercalciuria, since[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
76. HumanJejunal and ileal adaptation to alterations in dietary calcium: changes in calcium and magnesium absorption and pathogenetic role of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
    J Clin Invest, 1981 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 7240409DOI 10.1172/jci110194PMC370733 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Absorption was measured during constant perfusion of 30-cm segments of jejunum and ileum of normal subjects after 4 or 8 wk of a high (1,900 mg/d) or a low (20 mg/d) calcium diet.
    • Key findings · abstract:The serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were higher on the low than on the high calcium diet.
    • Key findings · abstract:Our data are compatible with the concept that adaptation to dietary calcium intake is mediated by changes in the serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
77. HumanEffect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on jejunal absorption of magnesium in patients with chronic renal disease.
    Am J Physiol, 1980 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 6246808DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.1980.238.4.G349
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:These studies were performed to see if jejunal malabsorption of magnesium in patients with chronic renal disease was influenced by therapy with 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3; 2 microgram/day by mouth for 7 days].
    • Key findings · abstract:This treatment restored normal serum concentrations of the vitamin D metabolite from 0.9 +/- 0.2 to 4.2 +/- 0.6 ng/dl.
    • Key findings · abstract:These results demonstrate that magnesium absorption in the human jejunum is dependent on vitamin D, and they show that 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 therapy in patients with chronic renal failure is associated with an enhanced jejunal absorption o[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
78. HumanAbsorption and retention of magnesium and some trace elements by man from typical Indian diets.
    Nutr Metab, 1980 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 7443103DOI 10.1159/000176347
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Absorption of trace elements from the diets as a percentage of intake was: chromium 60, copper 18, magnesium 34, manganese 14 and zinc 16.
79. HumanMagnesium absorption from leafy vegetables intrinsically labeled with the stable isotope 26Mg.
    J Nutr, 1980 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 7381600DOI 10.1093/jn/110.7.1365
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:They were fed to rats in a test meal together with the extrinsic tracer 28Mg: a) to determine to what extent the instrinsic tracer (26Mg) was exchangeable with extrinsic 28Mg during the digestion and absorption processes, and b) measure the relative Mg availability from the different vegetables.
    • Key findings · abstract:Mean relative Mg absorption from the various vegetables ranged from 108 to 118% of the Mg absorbed from a standard test meal containing MgSO4.
    • Key findings · abstract:The usefulness of stable 26Mg as a tracer in Mg bioavailability tests is discussed.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Mean relative Mg absorption from the various vegetables ranged from 108 to 118% of the Mg absorbed from a standard test meal containing MgSO4.
    • Food effect · abstract:They were fed to rats in a test meal together with the extrinsic tracer 28Mg: a) to determine to what extent the instrinsic tracer (26Mg) was exchangeable with extrinsic 28Mg during the digestion and absorption processes, and b) measure the relative Mg availability from the different vegetables.
    • Food effect · abstract:Mean relative Mg absorption from the various vegetables ranged from 108 to 118% of the Mg absorbed from a standard test meal containing MgSO4.
80. HumanVitamin D and magnesium absorption in man.
    Clin Sci (Lond), 1979 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 477243DOI 10.1042/cs0570121
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The effects of vitamin D and its hydroxylated derivatives on calcium and magnesium absorption have been examined in 47 balance studies on patients with various disorders of calcium or bone metabolism. 2.
    • Key findings · abstract:The mean net absorption of magnesium was also significantly increased although the rise was much less than that of calcium and the mean magnesium balance was unaffected. 3.
81. HumanMedium-chain triglyceride feeding in premature infants: effects on calcium and magnesium absorption.
    Pediatrics, 1978 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 662478
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on the absorption of calcium and magnesium in premature infants was studied in 34 infants with birth weights lower than 2,000 gm.
    • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium absorption was significantly increased in the 80% MCT group.
    • Food effect · abstract:The infants were divided into three groups and fed three formulas similar in nutrient content except for the type of fat, as follows: group 1 (control): corn oil, oleo, and coconut oil (39:41:20); group 2: MCT, corn oil, and coconut oil (40:40:20); group 3: MCT and corn oil (80:20).
82. HumanMagnesium absorption in the human small intestine. Results in normal subjects, patients with chronic renal disease, and patients with absorptive hypercalciuria.
    J Clin Invest, 1976 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 932189DOI 10.1172/JCI108410PMC436799 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium absorption was studied in the normal human jejunum and ileum by in vivo intestinal perfusion, using test solutions containing from 0 to 20 mM Mg (as MgCl2).
    • Key findings · abstract:Patients with end-stage renal disease, who had a reduced rate of Ca absorption (presumably due to deficiency of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) were found to have a severe depression of Mg absorption.
83. Human[Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of magnesium (author's transl)].
    MMW Munch Med Wochenschr, 1975 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 808724
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:After administration of magnesium asparate hydrochloride in enteric coated capsules, the plasma Mg rose, depending on the dose, with a maximum at 3.7 hours.
    • Key findings · abstract:Raising the plasma Mg over 24 hours is possible with a total dose of 9 mg/kg Mg, divided into two or three doses daily.
84. HumanEffects of dietary lactose and lactase preparation on the intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium in normal infants.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 1975 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 1173736DOI 10.1093/ajcn/28.7.681
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Effects of dietary lactose and a lactase preparation on the intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium were studied in 3 groups under 8 months of age; infants on a proprietary milk, infants on a lactose-free milk, and infants on a proprietary milk to which a lactase preparation was added.
85. HumanIntestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium in hepatobiliary disease in infancy.
    Arch Dis Child, 1974 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 4406086DOI 10.1136/adc.49.2.90PMC1648738 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium was measured by metabolic balance studies in 6 normal infants, 13 infants with biliary atresia, 5 infants with successfully repaired biliary atresia, 7 infants with neonatal hepatitis, and 2 infants with choledochal cyst.
86. PigEffect of Potassium-Magnesium Sulfate on Intestinal Dissociation and Absorption Rate, Immune Function, and Expression of NLRP3 Inflammasome, Aquaporins and Ion Channels in Weaned Piglets.
    Animals (Basel), 2025 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 40564302DOI 10.3390/ani15121751PMC12189249 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:This study investigated the effects of potassium magnesium sulfate (PMS) on intestinal dissociation and absorption rate, immune function, and expression of the NOD-like receptor thermal domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, aquaporins (AQPs), and potassium and magnesium ion channels in weaned piglets.
    • Key findings · abstract:Experiment 1 involved the assessment of the dissociation rate of PMS in pig digestive fluid and the absorption rate of PMS in the small intestine using an Ussing chamber in vitro.
    • Key findings · abstract:The in vitro Ussing chamber results indicated that the absorption of K+ and Mg2+ in the jejunum and i[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · full text, Section '2.2.1. Animals, Diets, and Experimental ':Piglets were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75% PMS.
    • Food effect · full text, Section '2.2.2. Sample Collection':On the morning of day 42, all piglets were weighed after fasting for 12 h, and one piglet with a similar body weight in each replicate was selected for blood sample collection from the anterior vena cava.
87. PigEffects of dietary vitamin D on magnesium absorption and bone mineral contents in pigs on normal magnesium intakes.
    Magnes Res, 1995 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 7669504
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Apparent absorption and retention was measured in 10-day balance studies (prior to slaughter) in three groups of four 10-week old pigs.
    • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium absorption increased linearly from 28-39 per cent intake with increasing dietary vitamin D.
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations reflected vitamin D intakes, while plasma 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol was unchanged.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Apparent absorption and retention was measured in 10-day balance studies (prior to slaughter) in three groups of four 10-week old pigs.
    • Food effect · abstract:The effects of three dietary levels of vitamin D (500, 1500 and 3000 IU/kg diet) on magnesium metabolism and on some bone parameters related to bone mineralization were studied in vitamin D-repleted pigs fed normal magnesium intakes (0.2 per cent) for two months.
    • Food effect · abstract:Density, breaking strength and mineral contents of the bones were lower in the pigs fed 1500 or 3000 than in those fed 500 IU vitamin D/kg diet.
88. PigEffect of wheat bran and pectin on the absorption and retention of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and zinc by the growing pig.
    Reprod Nutr Dev (1980), 1985 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 2996094DOI 10.1051/rnd:19850510
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
89. RodentChronic Organic Magnesium Supplementation Enhances Tissue-Specific Bioavailability and Functional Capacity in Rats: A Focus on Brain, Muscle, and Vascular Health.
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 2026 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 40467961DOI 10.1007/s12011-025-04678-yPMC12847085 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
90. RodentEffects of Magnesium Forms on the Magnesium Balance and Jejunal Transporters in Healthy Rats.
    Prev Nutr Food Sci, 2024 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 39759820DOI 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.4.405PMC11699571 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:The serum and liver Mg levels, Mg absorptivity, and retentivity were augmented in the MgPic group compared with the MgO group (P<0.05).
    • Key findings · abstract:Compared to the MgO-fed rats, MgPic rats had higher expression of the genes encoding NCX1, NCX2, PMCA1b, and Calbindin-D9k in the jejunum by 1.43, 1.72, 1.54, and 1.69 fold, respectively (P<0.01).
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Only MgPic supplementation elevated the expression of the genes encoding CLDN2, CLDN15, CNNM4, NCX1, PMCA1b, NCX2, and Calbindin-D9k in the jejunum by 1.59, 1.58, 1.70, 1.82, 2.02, 2.03, and 2.31 fold, respectively (P<0.05).
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Compared to the MgO-fed rats, MgPic rats had higher expression of the genes encoding NCX1, NCX2, PMCA1b, and Calbindin-D9k in the jejunum by 1.43, 1.72, 1.54, and 1.69 fold, respectively (P<0.01).
    • Food effect · abstract:Three groups of 21 male Wistar-Albino rats were randomly allocated and fed a standard diet (control) or a 500 mg/kg Mg-supplemented (MgPic or MgO) diet for 8 weeks.
    • Food effect · abstract:Compared to the MgO-fed rats, MgPic rats had higher expression of the genes encoding NCX1, NCX2, PMCA1b, and Calbindin-D9k in the jejunum by 1.43, 1.72, 1.54, and 1.69 fold, respectively (P<0.01).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'RESULTS':Compared to the control group, only MgPic elevated the expression of the genes encoding CLDN2, CLDN15, and CNNM4 by 1.59, 1.58, and 1.70 folds, respectively (P<0.05).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'RESULTS':Besides, compared to the MgO group, the MgPic group had higher expression of the genes encoding NCX1, NCX2, PMCA1b, and Calbindin-D9k by 1.43, 1.72, 1.54, and 1.69 folds, respectively (P<0.01).
91. RodentMagnesium bioavailability of dried and thinly shaved kombu in rats.
    J Sci Food Agric, 2021 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 32623713DOI 10.1002/jsfa.10639
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The relative bioavailability of Mg in TSK compared with MgO was calculated as 92.3%, 111.4%, and 87.2% from apparent absorption, urinary excretion, and femoral concentration of Mg, respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:However, the mRNA expression of TRPM6, an Mg channel responsible for Mg absorption, was higher in the cecum of rats given TSK than those given MgO.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSION: Enhancement of TRPM6 expression in the large intestine negates the low bioaccessibility of Mg in TSK, and thus TSK shows Mg bioavailability comparable with MgO. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:RESULTS: The relative bioavailability of Mg in TSK compared with MgO was calculated as 92.3%, 111.4%, and 87.2% from apparent absorption, urinary excretion, and femoral concentration of Mg, respectively.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:RESULTS: The relative bioavailability of Mg in TSK compared with MgO was calculated as 92.3%, 111.4%, and 87.2% from apparent absorption, urinary excretion, and femoral concentration of Mg, respectively.
    • Food effect · abstract:Rats were fed diets containing TSK or magnesium oxide (MgO) to satisfy 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of their Mg requirements.
92. RodentMaltobionic acid enhances intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium in rats.
    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2019 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 31056002DOI 10.1080/09168451.2019.1611411
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In Experiment 1, the effects of calcium maltobionate (MBCa) on calcium and magnesium absorption were examined using male rats.
    • Key findings · abstract:The cecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids was significantly higher in groups MBCa-50 and MBCa-100; however, pH of cecal contents did not significantly differ among the groups.
    • Key findings · abstract:In Experiment 2, the efficiency of calcium absorption was compared using everted sacs of jejunum and ileum with CaCO3 and MBCa as calcium sources.
    • Key findings · abstract:More calcium from MBCa was absorbed as the concentration of calcium increased in comparison to CaCO3.
    • Key findings · abstract:It was concluded that MBCa is a[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:More calcium from MBCa was absorbed as the concentration of calcium increased in comparison to CaCO3.
93. Rodent[Pharmacokinetic Studies of Orally Administered Magnesium Oxide in Rats].
    Yakugaku Zasshi, 2017 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (gold)
    PMID 28123145DOI 10.1248/yakushi.16-00020PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Approximately 90% of the MgO tablets dissolved within 120 min in dissolution testing; it was believed to form an absorbable state for magnesium.
    • Key findings · abstract:With orally administered MgO, 15% is absorbed in the body and 85% is excreted via the feces without being detected in pharmacokinetic analysis.
    • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium absorbed into the plasma demonstrated peak concentration 3 h after administration and was excreted via the urine within 48 h.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:With orally administered MgO, 15% is absorbed in the body and 85% is excreted via the feces without being detected in pharmacokinetic analysis.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Magnesium absorbed into the plasma demonstrated peak concentration 3 h after administration and was excreted via the urine within 48 h.
    • Cmax · full text, p.5:gnesium Ob- tained under Each Condition 考 察 Pharmacokinetic MgO oral MgCl2 intravenous parameter administration administration 酸化マグネシウムは便秘の治療に用いられる一般 Cmax ( mg/mL) 15.07±2.90 ― 的な緩下剤である．日本薬局方初版より収載されて いる医薬品として認知されているが，近年高マグネ C0 ( mg/mL) ― 25.29±4.75 シウム血症を副作用とする症例により使用上の注意 tmax (h) 4.8±2.2 ― が改訂された．その背景には漫然と使用されている t 1 / 2 ( h) 27.3±21.7 1.1±0.4 現状があり，酸化マグネシウム服用後のマグネシウ Ka (h－1) 0.48±0.21 ― ムの体内への吸
    • Tmax · full text, p.5:on 酸化マグネシウムは便秘の治療に用いられる一般 Cmax ( mg/mL) 15.07±2.90 ― 的な緩下剤である．日本薬局方初版より収載されて いる医薬品として認知されているが，近年高マグネ C0 ( mg/mL) ― 25.29±4.75 シウム血症を副作用とする症例により使用上の注意 tmax (h) 4.8±2.2 ― が改訂された．その背景には漫然と使用されている t 1 / 2 ( h) 27.3±21.7 1.1±0.4 現状があり，酸化マグネシウム服用後のマグネシウ Ka (h－1) 0.48±0.21 ― ムの体内への吸収に関する注意はほとんど払われて Ke (h－1) 0.07±0.04 ― いない．酸化マグネシウムは水への溶解度が 0.62 AUC0→t ( mg･h/mL) 269.1±124.3 17.58±3.75 mg/100 g と極めて低いことが知
    • AUC · full text, p.5:いる t 1 / 2 ( h) 27.3±21.7 1.1±0.4 現状があり，酸化マグネシウム服用後のマグネシウ Ka (h－1) 0.48±0.21 ― ムの体内への吸収に関する注意はほとんど払われて Ke (h－1) 0.07±0.04 ― いない．酸化マグネシウムは水への溶解度が 0.62 AUC0→t ( mg･h/mL) 269.1±124.3 17.58±3.75 mg/100 g と極めて低いことが知られており，9) その AUCall ( mg･h/mL) 322.1±97.3 22.49±4.95 ままの状態でマグネシウムが吸収されることはほと After oral administration of MgO (400 mg/kg) or intravenous adminis- tration of MgCl2 (45 mg/kg as MgCl2･6H2O) in
94. RodentDietary mannitol increased the absorption of calcium and magnesium in rats.
    J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl), 2016 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 26849275DOI 10.1111/jpn.12435
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In experiment 1, Ca absorption and retention and Mg absorption were significantly increased by mannitol feeding during days 8-12.
    • Key findings · abstract:In experiment 2, during days 8-12 and days 22-26, Ca absorption and retention were significantly lowered by mannitol feeding in cecectomized rats; however, mannitol feeding decreased Mg absorption during days 8-12, but did not impact Mg retention.
    • Food effect · abstract:Fourteen 8-week-old male Wistar rats in experiment 1 and same number and age cecectomized Wistar male rats in experiment 2 were divided into two subgroups of seven animals, respectively, fed diets containing 0 or 4% mannitol for 28 days.
95. RodentOmeprazole suppressed plasma magnesium level and duodenal magnesium absorption in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
    Pflugers Arch, 2016 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 27866273DOI 10.1007/s00424-016-1905-7
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The present study aimed to elucidate the direct effect of short-term and long-term PPIs administrations on whole body Mg2+ homeostasis and duodenal Mg2+ absorption in rats.
    • Key findings · abstract:Mg2+ homeostasis was studied by determining the serum Mg2+ level, urine and fecal Mg2+ excretions, and bone and muscle Mg2+ contents.
    • Key findings · abstract:Duodenal Mg2+ absorption as well as paracellular charge selectivity were studied.
    • Key findings · abstract:Omeprazole significantly suppressed plasma Mg2+ level, urinary Mg2+ excretion, and bone and muscle Mg2+ content.
    • Key findings · abstract:By using Ussing chamber techniques, it was shown that omeprazole markedly suppressed duode[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
96. RodentBioavailability of magnesium from inorganic and organic compounds is similar in rats fed a high phytic acid diet.
    Magnes Res, 2014 · Design: not stated · n: n=12 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 25635418DOI 10.1684/mrh.2014.0374
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Food effect · abstract:Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=12/diet group) were fed one of eight test diets supplemented with phytic acid (5 g/kg diet) and low levels of Mg (155 mg elemental Mg/kg diet) from Mg oxide, Mg sulphate, Mg chloride, Mg citrate, Mg gluconate, Mg orotate, Mg malate or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium Mg salt for five weeks.
    • Food effect · abstract:Rats were also fed three control diets that did not contain added phytic acid but were supplemented with 500 (NMgO, normal), 155 (LMgO, low) or 80 (DMgO, deficient) mg of Mg per kg diet as Mg oxide.
    • Food effect · abstract:Mg concentrations did not differ (P≥0.05) between rats fed the differ
97. RodentInfluence of Maillard products from bread crust on magnesium bioavailability in rats.
    J Sci Food Agric, 2013 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 23254393DOI 10.1002/jsfa.6006
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Food effect · abstract:RESULTS: During the final stage of the trial, magnesium digestibility improved by around 15% in rats fed diets containing bread crust or its derivatives compared with the control diet.
98. RodentMannitol improves absorption and retention of calcium and magnesium in growing rats.
    Nutrition, 2013 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 23237654DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2012.06.010
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: In experiment 1, 4-wk-old growing male Wistar rats were given a control diet (C) or mannitol diets containing 2%, 4%, 6%, or 8% mannitol (2M, 4M, 6M, or 8M, respectively) for 28 d to measure the absorption and retention of Ca and Mg.
    • Key findings · abstract:In the last 7 d of the feeding trial, the non-absorbable marker chromium-mordant cellulose was added to the experimental diets to estimate Ca and Mg absorbability in the intestinal segments.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Apparent Ca absorption and retention in bone were significantly increased by 6M and 8M.
    • Key findings · abstract:Apparent Mg absorption was significantly increased by 4M, 6M, a[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:In experiment 2, 9-wk-old growing male Wistar rats were fed for 7 d with the experimental diets (C, 4M, or 8M) to observe cecal parameters.
99. RodentPrebiotics enhance magnesium absorption and inulin-based fibers exert chronic effects on calcium utilization in a postmenopausal rodent model.
    J Food Sci, 2012 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 22394255DOI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02612.x
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Rats receiving polydextrose had significantly higher net calcium absorption efficiency and retention than all control groups and a trend (P≤ 0.10) for higher calcium absorption when compared to inulin-based fibers after early exposure but the advantage did not persist over long-term exposure.
100. RodentMagnesium absorption from mineral water decreases with increasing quantities of magnesium per serving in rats.
     Nutr Res, 2012 · Design: not stated · n: 7 rats · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 22260865DOI 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.11.001
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:When the AMW containing 800 mg Mg/L was portioned into 4 servings, Mg absorption increased to the level of absorption in the group exposed to AMW containing 200 mg Mg/L served at the same frequency.
101. Rodent[Comparative study of magnesium salts bioavailability in rats fed a magnesium-deficient diet].
     Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk, 2010 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 20364677
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Food effect · abstract:Twelve control rats were fed a basal diet (Mg content 500 mg/kg).
102. RodentPromotive effects of resistant maltodextrin on apparent absorption of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in rats.
     Eur J Nutr, 2010 · Design: not stated · n: 40 rats · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
     PMID 19937042DOI 10.1007/s00394-009-0062-6PMC2839484 (free full text)PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: In Exp. 1, ingestion of resistant maltodextrin and hydrogenated resistant maltodextrin dose-dependently enhanced apparent absorption rates of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn, and increased cecal fermentation with cecal expansion.
     • Key findings · abstract:In Exp. 2, the absorption rates of Ca and Mg were significantly enhanced by ingestion of hydrogenated resistant maltodextrin in Sham group but not in CX group.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:RESULTS: In Exp. 1, ingestion of resistant maltodextrin and hydrogenated resistant maltodextrin dose-dependently enhanced apparent absorption rates of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn, and increased cecal fermentation with cecal expansion.
     • Food effect · abstract:METHODS: In experiment 1 (Exp. 1), 40 rats were fed test diets based on AIN-93G with or without resistant maltodextrin or hydrogenated resistant maltodextrin for 2 weeks.
     • Food effect · abstract:In experiment 2 (Exp. 2), 32 rats were cecectomized (CX) or sham-operated (Sham) and fed diets with or without hydrogenated resistant maltodextrin for 1 week.
     • Food effect · full text, Table 2:Effect of experimental diets on food intake and body weight gain in rats fed test diets for 14 days (Exp. 1) Ctr 1.5% FS2 3.0% FS2 1.5% FS2H 3.0% FS2H P Food intake (g/14 days) 290 ± 9.45 251 ± 10.8 262 ± 9.82 268 ± 6.99 257 ± 8.75 0.195 Body weight gain (g/14 days) 115 ± 4.33 98.3 ± 6.73 102 ± 3.49 106 ± 4.29 108 ± 5.42
     • Food effect · full text, Table 3:Effect of test diet on apparent mineral absorptions in rats fed test diets for 7 days (1st period) and 14 days (2nd period) (Exp. 1) Ctr 1.5% FS2 3.0% FS2 1.5% FS2H 3.0% FS2H P First period  Ca 68.2 ± 2.61 a 84.8 ± 1.85 b 89.0 ± 1.89 b 81.5 ± 1.90 b 86.2 ± 1.58 b  <0.001  Mg 70.3 ± 1.47 a 82.5 ± 1.94 b 86.5 ±
     • Food effect · full text, Table 4:Dried liver weight, and content and concentration of Fe in liver in rats fed test diets for 14 days (Exp. 1) Ctr 1.5% FS2 3.0% FS2 1.5% FS2H 3.0% FS2H P Dried liver weight (g) 4.37 ± 0.29 3.90 ± 0.25 4.10 ± 0.19 3.99 ± 0.09 3.98 ± 0.21 0.58 Fe content (µmol/liver) 5.14 ± 0.40 a 6.00 ± 0.81 ab 10.1 ± 1.04 c 8.27 ± 1.08 abc
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Experiment 1':Apparent absorption rates of Fe in the 3% FS2 and 3% FS2H groups were 122 and 117% greater compared to the Ctr group, respectively.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Experiment 1':Dried liver weight was not different among five groups, while Fe content in the liver was dose-dependently increased by ingestion of FS2 and FS2H, and Fe content in the 3% FS2 and 3% FS2H groups were greater compared with those in the Ctr group (Table 4).
103. Rodent[Effects of resistant starch RS4 on magnesium and iron absorption in Wistar rats].
     Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig, 2007 · Design: not stated · n: n=12 · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 17711087
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The effect of resistant starch RS4 on apparent absorption of magnesium and iron was studied in Wistar rats.
     • Key findings · abstract:Our results confirmed that Mg apparent absorption in female rats fed diet with resistant starch S2 was significantly increased (+37%) compared with the control group.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The effect of resistant starch RS4 on apparent absorption of magnesium and iron was studied in Wistar rats.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Our results confirmed that Mg apparent absorption in female rats fed diet with resistant starch S2 was significantly increased (+37%) compared with the control group.
     • Food effect · abstract:The rats (4 groups male n=12 and 4 groups female n=12) were fed for 4 weeks diets: control with wheat starch (K) and 3 diets with modified resistant starches (S1, S2, S3).
     • Food effect · abstract:Our results confirmed that Mg apparent absorption in female rats fed diet with resistant starch S2 was significantly increased (+37%) compared with the control group.
104. RodentNutritional evaluation of protein, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium bioavailability from lupin (Lupinus albus var. multolupa)-based diets in growing rats: effect of alpha-galactoside oligosaccharide extraction and phytase supplementation.
     Br J Nutr, 2006 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 16768832DOI 10.1079/bjn20061771PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability of P, Ca, and Mg from the lupin diets tested was high, and supplementation of an exogenous microbial phytase (750 phytase units/kg) did not cause any further improvement.
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.6:fed raw or a-galactoside-free lupin diets, compared done using the whole lupin seed, considerable losses in soluble with the casein–cystine control (2-fold higher in the casein – dietary fibre content were observed (48·6 %), which could be cystine control diet), can be attributed to the different nature due to the prolonged extraction time used. of the insoluble dietary fibre fraction of the diets
     • Food effect · full text, p.1:n, and the digestive and metabolic utilisation of this nutrient was high and comparable with that obtained from a casein – cystine control diet (pair-fed to the average daily food intake of the experimental groups fed the different lupin diets). Bioavailability of P, Ca, and Mg from the lupin diets tested was high, and supplementation of an exogenous microbial phytase (750 phytase units/kg) did no
     • Food effect · full text, p.3:1990). free lupin, and phytase-supplemented a-galactoside-free lupin (PHYTS)), were carried out. An additional casein–cystine control group was ‘pair fed’ with the average daily intake of rats given the three lupin diets. During the first 3 d of the Biological indices experiment, the rats were allowed to adapt to the diet and The following indices and parameters were determined for experimental co
     • Food effect · full text, p.4:47 % of the total Ca and net absorption of N or ADC, was observed in the group of ani- P contents respectively, were from casein; the remaining mals fed the casein –cystine control diet (P, 0·05), related to a amounts of Ca and P needed to meet the nutrient recommen- lower faecal excretion of N (P,0·05), with no significant dations were added using CaCO3 or CaHPO4. The total differences being foun
     • Form comparison · full text, p.4:S (Mean values of ten Wistar rats and pooled standard errors of the version 8.02 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Differences mean) between means were compared with Tukey’s test. The level of significance was set at P,0·05. Faecal excretion of P, Diet CþC RLU GFLU PHYTS Pooled SEM Ca, and Mg was adjusted to a multiple linear regression Intake (g DM/d) 8·7 8·9 8·6 8·7 0·3 model with total faecal wei
     • Form comparison · full text, p.5:subsequent decrease in the digestive utilisation of this mineral expressed as net Pooled Diet Cþ C RLU GFLU PHYTS SEM absorption or ADC (P,0·05) when compared with the other experimental diets tested (casein –cystine control; raw lupin; c b a a,b Faecal weight (g DM/d) 1·9 0·9 0·8 0·9 0·1 a-galactoside-free lupin). No significant differences in P bal- P ance were found among the experimental group
     • Form comparison · full text, p.6:gelo et al. 1995; experimental groups fed the casein–cystine control or the Perez-Maldonado et al. 1999; El-Adawy et al. 2000; Porres PHYTS diet when compared with the raw lupin or a-galacto- et al. 2003b), and has the potential to play a major role in side-free lupin diets (P,0·05). Under our experimental con- the development of rancidity. Furthermore, a high proportion ditions, a higher accumula
105. RodentThe effect of aging on intestinal absorption and status of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper in rats: a stable isotope study.
     J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2006 · Design: stable-isotope · n: 40 rats · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 16785046DOI 10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.10.007
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Individual feces and urine were then collected during 4 consecutive days in order to measure stable isotopes by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) and blood and tissues were sampled for mineral status determination.
     • Key findings · abstract:Intestinal absorption of (44)Ca and (67)Zn considerably decreased with age, whereas intestinal (25)Mg absorption decreased only moderately and intestinal (65)Cu absorption was unaffected.
     • Food effect · abstract:To do so, 40 rats of different ages: 9, 22, 44, and 88 weeks were fed with a semi-purified diet for a total of 30 days.
106. RodentStudy of magnesium bioavailability from ten organic and inorganic Mg salts in Mg-depleted rats using a stable isotope approach.
     Magnes Res, 2005 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 16548135
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The Mg absorption values obtained varied from 50% to 67%.
     • Key findings · abstract:Urinary 26Mg excretion varied from 0.20 mg to 0.33 mg, and feeding with the organic pidolate, citrate, gluconate and aspartate salts resulted in higher urinary 26Mg excretion than with inorganic salts.
     • Key findings · abstract:Ultimately, 26Mg retention was higher in the rats receiving the organic salts such as gluconate, lactate and aspartate than in those receiving the inorganic salts.
     • Key findings · abstract:Taken together, these results indicate that 26Mg is sufficiently bioavailable from the ten different Mg salts studied in the present experiment, although Mg gluconate exh[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Eighty male Wistar rats aged 6 weeks were fed a semi-purified Mg-depleted diet for three weeks.
107. RodentDietary inulin intake and age can significantly affect intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium in rats: a stable isotope approach.
     Nutr J, 2005 · Design: randomized · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 16253138DOI 10.1186/1475-2891-4-29PMC1283151 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: absorption of Ca and Mg was significantly lower in the aged rats (10 and 20 mo) than in the young and adult rat groups.
     • Fractional absorption · full text, Section '1 – Effect of animal age and inulin inta':The mean 44Ca absorption in the four rat control groups was 26.3% compared to 40.2% in the four inulin-fed groups, with an overall increase in 44Ca absorption of 53%.
     • Fractional absorption · full text, Section '2 – Effect of animal age and inulin inta':Mean 25Mg absorption in the four rat control groups was 50.6%, compared to 78.0% in the four corresponding inulin-fed rat groups, with an overall increase in 25Mg absorption of 54%.
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Calcium and magnesium status (table 5)':Plasma Mg increased in the inulin-fed aged rats (+6.7%), whereas there was no increase in the young and adult rats (-0.3%).
     • Food effect · full text, Section '1 – Effect of animal age and inulin inta':The mean 44Ca absorption in the four rat control groups was 26.3% compared to 40.2% in the four inulin-fed groups, with an overall increase in 44Ca absorption of 53%.
     • Food effect · full text, Section '2 – Effect of animal age and inulin inta':Mean 25Mg absorption in the four rat control groups was 50.6%, compared to 78.0% in the four corresponding inulin-fed rat groups, with an overall increase in 25Mg absorption of 54%.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Food intake and growth rate':The lower calorific value of the inulin diets (-4%) compared to the control diets may also be responsible for this reduced weight gain.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section '1 – Effect of animal age and inulin inta':The mean 44Ca absorption in the four rat control groups was 26.3% compared to 40.2% in the four inulin-fed groups, with an overall increase in 44Ca absorption of 53%.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section '2 – Effect of animal age and inulin inta':Mean 25Mg absorption in the four rat control groups was 50.6%, compared to 78.0% in the four corresponding inulin-fed rat groups, with an overall increase in 25Mg absorption of 54%.
108. RodentStimulatory effect of inulin on intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium in rats is modulated by dietary calcium intakes short- and long-term balance studies.
     Eur J Nutr, 2005 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 15340751DOI 10.1007/s00394-004-0526-7
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Apparent intestinal absorptions of Ca and Mg were determined at D13 and D36 of the experiment.
     • Food effect · abstract:Each group was divided into three sub-groups to receive one of the following dietary Ca levels 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% in their food.
     • Food effect · abstract:The animals were fed fresh food and water ad libitum for 40 days.
109. RodentBioavailability of phytic acid-phosphorus and magnesium from lentils (Lens culinaris m.) in growing rats: influence of thermal treatment and vitamin-mineral supplementation.
     Nutrition, 2004 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 15325690DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2004.05.018
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
110. RodentInfluence of salt form and concentration on the absorption of magnesium in rat small intestine.
     Boll Chim Farm, 2004 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 15255338
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:At 1 and 5 mM concentrations absorption was most efficient from gluconate whereas at 10 mM absorption from fumrate was more efficient.
     • Key findings · abstract:Mg2+ absorption half-life (t50%) varied with salt and concentration.
     • Key findings · abstract:The Mg2+ absorption half-life for magnesium gluconate at 10 mM concentration was 42 times as long as at 1 mM concentration.
     • Key findings · abstract:The biggest area under the curve, which characterizes substance bioavailability, was observed for each of the investigated salts at 5 mM.
     • AUC · abstract:The biggest area under the curve, which characterizes substance bioavailability, was observed for each of the investigated salts at 5 mM.
111. RodentIndigestible disaccharides open tight junctions and enhance net calcium, magnesium, and zinc absorption in isolated rat small and large intestinal epithelium.
     Dig Dis Sci, 2004 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 14992446DOI 10.1023/b:ddas.0000011613.11671.c7
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The addition of 1-100 mM melibiose, difructose anhydride (DFA) III, or DFA IV to the mucosal medium increased the net absorption of the three minerals and FD4 permeability, while decreasing TEER dose dependently in the four intestinal portions.
     • Key findings · abstract:Positive linear relations were found between the net transport of the three minerals and FD4 passage in all portions of the intestine, whereas negative linear relations were observed between net absorption of the three minerals and TEER.
112. RodentEffects of sulphate- and bicarbonate-rich mineral waters on net and fractional intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of magnesium in rats.
     Eur J Nutr, 2003 · Design: stable-isotope · n: 40 rats · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 14564461DOI 10.1007/s00394-003-0423-5
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We assessed the effects of different Mg-rich mineral waters on overall intestinal Mg absorption and urinary Mg excretion in 40 rats split into four groups: one received distilled water, another a solution of MgCl(2) and the others two different mineral waters, sulphated water (Hépar) and carbonated water (Badoit) mixed with the diet and as drinking water, for four weeks.
     • Key findings · abstract:Mg-rich mineral waters significantly increased net intestinal absorption of Mg by more than 30%, but the proportions of both apparent and true intestinal absorption of Mg were similar in all four groups.
113. RodentEffects of inulin-type fructans of different chain length and type of branching on intestinal absorption and balance of calcium and magnesium in rats.
     Eur J Nutr, 2003 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 12638030DOI 10.1007/s00394-003-0390-x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:BACKGROUND: Inulin-type fructans or chains with mainly beta[2-1] linked fructose molecules escape the ingestion procedure in the small intestine and are fermented by the microflora, and are known to increase colonic absorption of minerals in animals.
     • Food effect · abstract:The rats were distributed into 5 groups and fed for 28 days a fiber-free basal purified diet or diet containing 10 % oligofructose (OF) (DP(av) 4), or 10 % HP-inulin (DP(av) 25), a blend of 50 % OF and 50 % HP-inulin, or a branched-chain inulin.
114. RodentFractional intestinal absorption of magnesium is directly proportional to dietary magnesium intake in rats.
     J Nutr, 2002 · Design: not stated · n: n = 30 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 12097690DOI 10.1093/jn/132.7.2043
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:As expected, plasma Mg levels were lower in the deficient groups than in the control by d 4 and differences were more marked at the end of the experiment.
     • Food effect · abstract:For this purpose, male Wistar rats (n = 30) were fed a basal semipurified diet containing 600 mg Mg/kg (MgO) for 7 d.
     • Food effect · abstract:Three groups of 10 rats were then formed and fed the basal semipurified diet with 600, 300 or 150 mg Mg/kg, for 28 d.
     • Food effect · abstract:Erythrocyte Mg levels were significantly lower at the end of the experiment in the group fed the diet containing 150 mg Mg/kg.
115. RodentAbsorption of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and zinc in growing male rats fed diets containing either phytate-free soybean protein or soybean protein isolate or casein.
     J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 2000 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (gold)
     PMID 10868351DOI 10.3177/jnsv.46.34PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Food effect · abstract:The rats were fed diets containing PFS, soybean protein isolate (SPI) or casein at a 20% level for 5 wk.
     • Food effect · full text, p.1:J Nutr Sci Vitarinol, 46, 34-41, 2000 Absorption of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Iron and Zinc in Growing Male Rats Fed Diets Containing either Phytate-free Soybean Protein or Soybean Protein Isolate or Casein Maya KAMAO,1 Naoko TSUGAWA,1Kimie NAKAGAWA,1Yuko KAWAMOTO,1Kensuke FUKUI,2 Kiyoharu TAKAMATSU,2Goro KUWATA,3Masatake IMAI3 and Toshio OKANOI,* 1 Department of
     • Food effect · full text, p.2:by centrifugation, acid cycle. The room air was ventilated through a HEPA fil precipitation, neutralization with NaOH-KOH (1:3) so ter, The rats were fed the casein diet shown in Table 1 lution, and spray-drying. PFS was prepared by extrac for a week before exchanging it for the test diets, and tion of defatted soybean flour with 2% NaCl solution, then divided into three groups (n=7), which were a
     • Food effect · full text, p.3:36 KAMAO M et al. Table 2. Body weight, tissue weight, food intake and food efficiency ratios of rats fed the diets for 5wk. Values are means•}SE (n=7). Values not sharing a common superscript letter in the same line are significantly different (p<0.05). urine for each group were collected. The animals were ash weighing. The bone ash thus obtained was d
     • Form comparison · full text, p.6:long-term ingestion of the PFS diet. MaCance and Widdiwson (27) reported that a dephy tinized brown bread elevated Mg absorption in humans at 60mg/d compared to a non-dephytinized brown bread. Since brown bread contains a high level of Mg, it is probable that the positive effect of PFS on Mg absorp tion applies to diets over a wide range. Morris et al. (28) reported that, when dietary phytate inta
116. RodentThe bioavailability of magnesium from Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) and Hijiki (Hijikia fusiforme) and the effect of alginic acid on magnesium utilization of rats.
     Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 1999 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 10517285DOI 10.1023/a:1008082112178
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The ratio of apparent magnesium absorption (%) of the control, LMg, Wakame, Hijiki, AW and AH groups was 82.2, 72.7, 66.9, 50.8, 69.3 and 54.2 in the first experimental period, and was 75.3, 52.1, 57.7, 46.9, 62.6 and 60.5 in the second experimental period, respectively.
117. RodentEffect of dietary phytate on magnesium bioavailability and liver oxidant status in growing rats.
     Food Chem Toxicol, 1999 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 10069480DOI 10.1016/s0278-6915(98)00103-3
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Impaired Mg bioavailability due to 15 g PA/kg diet was accompanied by an increase of hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyls as well as by a moderate decline in liver reduced glutathione (GSH) levels.
     • Food effect · abstract:Male albino rats (initial average weight 60 g) were fed semi-synthetic diets based on casein, corn starch and sunflower oil over 21 days.
118. RodentInfluence of age and hormonal treatment on intestinal absorption of magnesium in ovariectomised rats.
     Magnes Res, 1999 · Design: not stated · n: 10 rats · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 10423705
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Food effect · abstract:Three groups of fifteen 6- (mature), 12- (old), and 30-month-old female rats (senescent), fed a diet containing 1.5 g of Mg/kg were used in the present study.
     • Food effect · abstract:Animals were pair fed 6 g/100 g bw/day and distilled water was available ad libitum.
     • Food effect · abstract:Food intake, urine and feces from each individual rat were measured 1 day per week, during the last 5 weeks.
119. RodentStructure-related enhancing activity of escins Ia, Ib, IIa and IIb on magnesium absorption in mice.
     Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 1999 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 10498191DOI 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00410-2
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We examined the effects of the saponin fraction and its principal saponins, escins Ia (1), Ib (2), IIa (3) and IIb (4), obtained from European horse chestnut, and their hydrolyzed products, desacylescins I (5) and II (6) on magnesium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract in mice.
     • Key findings · abstract:The saponin fraction (12.5-100 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the Mg2+ absorption 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after administration, with maximum enhancement by 48.3% at 50 mg/kg.
     • Key findings · abstract:Escins Ib (2) and IIb (4) (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) also enhanced the absorption, whereas escins Ia (1) and IIa (3) (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) and de[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Test samples were given orally to fasted mice before loading of 0.5 or 1.67 M MgSO4 (10 mL/kg, p.o.).
120. RodentThe absorption of iron, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and zinc in the jejunum-ileum of control and iron-deficient rats.
     Lab Anim, 1998 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 9481697DOI 10.1258/002367798780559374
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
121. RodentEffect of source of iron on duodenal absorption of iron, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, copper and zinc in rats with ferropoenic anaemia.
     Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 1997 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 9129253
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:In anaemic rats iron absorption was greater than in controls, except after perfusion with solution 2 (containing haemoglobin).
     • Key findings · abstract:After perfusion with solution 2 or 3, calcium, copper and zinc absorption were lower than after solution 1.
122. RodentThe effect of calcium gluconate and other calcium supplements as a dietary calcium source on magnesium absorption in rats.
     Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 1997 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 9202982
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The effects of commercially available calcium supplements (calcium carbonate, calcium gluconate, oyster shell preparation and bovine bone preparation) and gluconic acid on the absorption of calcium and magnesium were evaluated for 30 days in male Wistar rats.
123. RodentIn vivo absorption of calcium carbonate and magnesium oxide from the large intestine in rats.
     J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 1997 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (gold)
     PMID 9151239DOI 10.3177/jnsv.43.35PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:We concluded that both CaCO3 and MgO are absorbed in the large intestine, and we ascertained that the increasing effect of FOS on the absorption of Mg took place mainly in the large intestine.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:We concluded that both CaCO3 and MgO are absorbed in the large intestine, and we ascertained that the increasing effect of FOS on the absorption of Mg took place mainly in the large intestine.
     • Food effect · abstract:Rats were fed Ca- and Mg-free diets with and without 5% FOS.
     • Food effect · full text, p.1:lts, and also to determine whether fructooligo saccharides (FOS) stimulate the absorption of these minerals in rat large intestine in vivo. Rats were fed Ca and Mg-free diets with and without 5% FOS. An aqueous suspension of CaCO3 and MgO was infused into the stomach via a gastric tube or into the cecum via an implanted catheter. Coprophagy was prevented by using wire-mesh anal cups throughout the
     • Food effect · full text, p.2:from their salts with low solubility by comparing the apparent absorption of Ca and Mg following the cecal and gastric infusion of Ca and Mg in rats fed diets with and without FOS. In addition, since coprophagy is habitual in rats (18, 19), the experimental animals were fitted with wire-mesh anal cups (20) to prevent the re-ingestion of minerals from their feces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diets and an
     • Food effect · full text, p.3:_??_: concentration of oligosaccharides was greater than 95% of total mixture). *2Prepared according to AIN-76 formulation. the other two groups were fed a FOS-containing diet (50g/kg diet). In half of the rats from each diet group, 0.3ml of the suspension of CaCO3 and MgO, which contained 930ƒÊmol of Ca and 136ƒÊtmol of Mg, was infused into the cecum via the implanted tube. In the remaining rats
124. RodentPrevention of coprophagy modifies magnesium absorption in rats fed with fructo-oligosaccharides.
     Br J Nutr, 1996 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 8695604DOI 10.1079/bjn19960181PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Food effect · abstract:Rats were fed on a FO-free diet or a diet containing 50 g FO/kg for 2 weeks with or without prevention of coprophagy.
     • Food effect · full text, p.7:shed online by Cambridge University Press Table 5 . pH of caecal contents and faecal excretion (pmolld) of individual short-chain fatty acids of rats fed on a control diet (C) or a fructo-oligosaccharides-containingdiet (F)with ( ) or without ( -) coprophagy allowedr + (Mean values with their standard errors for five to ten rats in each group) Diet ... C F Statistical significance of effects of Co
     • Food effect · full text, p.8:m balance (Table 3) During the h s t period (4th-9th day) of the balance study the apparent absorptive ratio of Ca and the Ca-retention ratio in rats fed on FO-containing diets were higher than in rats fed on the control diet. In rats fed on the control diet these values were not altered by preventing coprophagy. However, in the FO groups the apparent absorptive ratio of Ca and the Ca-retention ra
125. RodentAcidic fermentation in the caecum increases absorption of calcium and magnesium in the large intestine of the rat.
     Br J Nutr, 1996 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 8785206DOI 10.1079/bjn19960132PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:The effect of fermentation on colonic absorption of Ca and Mg was investigated in 8-week-old rats adapted to diets containing either digestible wheat starch (DS diets) or including resistant starch, i.e. 350 g raw potato starch/kg (RS diets).
     • Key findings · abstract:As a result of the hypertrophy of the caecal wall and of an elevated concentration of soluble Ca, the caecal absorption of Ca was 5-6-fold higher in the RS groups than in the DS groups.
     • Key findings · abstract:The difference between dietary intake and faecal excretion (DI-FE) of Ca was higher in rats fed on RS diets than in those fed on DS diets, when the dietary Ca level wa[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:As a result of the hypertrophy of the caecal wall and of an elevated concentration of soluble Ca, the caecal absorption of Ca was 5-6-fold higher in the RS groups than in the DS groups.
     • Food effect · abstract:The difference between dietary intake and faecal excretion (DI-FE) of Ca was higher in rats fed on RS diets than in those fed on DS diets, when the dietary Ca level was 2.5 g/kg.
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.4:intake or the growth of the rats. The presence of 350 g raw potato starch/kg in the diet resulted in an enlargement of the caecum, corresponding to a 34-fold increase in the caecal contents together with hypertrophy of the caecal wall (Table 2). In rats fed on the RS diets the caecum was slightly heavier in animals fed at the low-Ca intake, compared with those fed at the high-Ca intake. Caecal blo
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.8:ities and the solubility of Pi in caecal contents. As for Ca, a decrease in Pi concentration was observed in rats fed on RS diets, in parallel with a 34-fold enlargement of the caecum; the accumulation of Pi was markedly higher with the high Ca level. Changes in soluble Pi concentrations were relatively parallel with those of Ca, the percentage of soluble Pi being higher in rats fed on the RS diet
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.10:red to be a site of Mg absorption, even in rats fed on the DS diets (Fig. 1). The enlargement of the caecum in rats fed on RS diets corresponded to a 34-fold higher caecal Mg absorption compared with control (DS) rats. A high Ca intake resulted in a lower Mg absorption by the caecum, consistent with the fall in soluble Mg described previously. As with caecal absorption, dietary Ca exerted a negati
     • Food effect · full text, p.2:microbial fermentations in the large intestine. MATERIALS A N D METHODS Animals and diets Forty male Wistar rats (IFA-CREDO, L'Arbresle, France) were fed on a commercial pelleted diet (UAR, Villemoisson s/Orge, France) until their body weights reached approximately 200 g (8 weeks). Groups of ten rats were fed for 21 d on a basal (fibre-free; DS) purified diet, or diets containing 350 g RS/kg (Tabl
     • Food effect · full text, p.4:he daily food intake was not significantly affected by the diet, but the weight gain was slightly lower in rats adapted to the RS diets than in those fed on the DS diets. In contrast, dietary Ca intake had practically no effect on food intake or the growth of the rats. The presence of 350 g raw potato starch/kg in the diet resulted in an enlargement of the caecum, corresponding to a 34-fold increa
     • Food effect · full text, p.5:* *** *** Ca NS NS NS * * *** NS Starch x Ca NS NS NS * NS *** NS DS, digestible starch. *P<O.O5, * * P < O O l , ***P<OOOI. t Mean values for groups fed on 2.5 g Ca/kg were significantly different from those of groups fed on 7.5 g Ca/kg: t P < 0.05. Mean values for groups fed on DS diets were significantly different from those fed on RS diets: 3 P < 005. 5 For details of composition, see Table 1
     • Form comparison · full text, p.3:rat, collected over 4 d , were homogenized before mineral analysis. Intake of Ca via the drinking water was considered to be negligible (< 0.5 mg/l) compared with that from the diet and was not considered. Values are given as means with their standard errors and, where appropriate, significance
     • Form comparison · full text, p.4:ether with hypertrophy of the caecal wall (Table 2). In rats fed on the RS diets the caecum was slightly heavier in animals fed at the low-Ca intake, compared with those fed at the high-Ca intake. Caecal blood flow was markedly higher in rats fed on RS diets (in the range of 3.2-3.5 ml/min v . about 0.9 ml/min with the DS diets); the dietary Ca level had no noticeable effect on caecal blood flow.
     • Form comparison · full text, p.8:S only in rats adapted to the 7.5 g Ca/kg level. Ca solubility was also enhanced in rats fed on the RS-high-Ca diet; the soluble Ca reached 40 mmol/l compared with 12 mmol/l in rats fed on DS diets. Dietary RS also affected the quantities and the solubility of Pi in caecal contents. As for Ca, a decrease in Pi concentration was observed in rats fed on RS diets, in parallel with a 34-fold enlargeme
126. RodentThe bioavailability of magnesium in spinach and the effect of oxalic acid on magnesium utilization examined in diets of magnesium-deficient rats.
     J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 1995 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (gold)
     PMID 8926539DOI 10.3177/jnsv.41.671PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:The rate of magnesium absorbed by the rats receiving the control, R-sp, B-sp, F-sp, Ox-C, and +Mg diets was 88.9, 80.2, 88.4, 90.4, 88.1, and 87.7%, respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:The rate of apparent absorption of calcium from the control, Mg-deficient, R-sp, B-sp, F-sp, Ox-C and +Mg diet was 87.0, 84.1, 57.3, 66.4, 66.2, 53.3 and 83.5%, respectively.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The rate of magnesium absorbed by the rats receiving the control, R-sp, B-sp, F-sp, Ox-C, and +Mg diets was 88.9, 80.2, 88.4, 90.4, 88.1, and 87.7%, respectively.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The rate of apparent absorption of calcium from the control, Mg-deficient, R-sp, B-sp, F-sp, Ox-C and +Mg diet was 87.0, 84.1, 57.3, 66.4, 66.2, 53.3 and 83.5%, respectively.
     • Food effect · abstract:They were pair-fed for 8 days on the magnesium-deficient diet, magnesium-deficient diet supplemented with raw powdered spinach (R-sp), boiled powdered spinach (B-sp), or fried powdered spinach (F-sp), control diet supplemented with oxalic acid (Ox-C), and control diet (+Mg).
     • Food effect · abstract:On the 10th day, there was no significant difference in the food intake of the rats between the control group and magnesium-deficient group.
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.12:effect of magnesium in each of the additional diets. On the other hand, the calcium content of the kidneys of the rats fed on the Ox-C diet was about 2.5 times higher than that of the+Mg rats. Cook (25) and Hautman et al.(26) have reported that the majority of the stones in the kidney and urinary tract were formed by calcium-oxalate. An especially large amount of calcium accumulation in the kidney
     • Food effect · full text, p.2:672 S.KIKUNAGA et al. amount of calcium was accumulated in the kidneys of the rats fed on the R-sp, B-sp, F-sp and Ox-C diets. However, the kidney calcium of each of the spinach-added groups markedly decreased in comparison with kidney calcium of the magnesium-deficient rats on the 10th day, when the magnesium-deficient rats were sepa
     • Food effect · full text, p.3:y in stainless-steel wire cages in a temperature-controlled room (21-23•‹C) with a 12-h light-dark cycle (lights on 6: 00-18: 00). The rats were pair-fed on either the control diet or the magnesium- Vol.41,No.6,1995
     • Food effect · full text, p.4:e divided on the 10th day into 6 dietary groups consisting of 11rats for the magnesium-deficient group and 6rats for the other groups. They were pair-fed for 8 days on: 1) magnesium-deficient diet, 2) magnesium-deficient diet supplemented with raw powdered spinach (R-sp), 3) magnesium-deficient diet supplemented with boiled powdered spinach (B-sp), 4) magnesium-deficient diet supplemented with fri
     • Form comparison · full text, p.2:not significantly different among any of the groups except for both the R-sp and Ox-C groups, and decreased significantly in the R-sp and Ox-C groups compared with those of the other groups. A highly positive correlation between bone calcium and bone strength was not observed in this study; the breaking force of the left femurs of the B-sp and F-sp rats increased significantly in comparison with t
     • Form comparison · full text, p.10:higher in the control rats than that of each of the additional groups except the+Mg group, and increased significantly in the R-sp, Ox-C and+Mg rats compared with that of both the B-sp and F-sp rats. The apparent absorption of magnesium in the control, R-sp, B-sp, F-sp, Ox-C and+Mg diets was 88.9, 80.2, 88.4, 90.4, 88.1 and 87.7%, respectively; although, the apparent absorption of magnesium was th
     • Form comparison · full text, p.12:ontrol rats. From these results, it is suggested that the high content of phosphorus in the kidneys of the spinach- additional groups and Ox-C groups compared with that of the control and+Mg groups is associated with the accumulation of calcium in the kidneys of the spinach-added groups and Ox-C group. On the 10th day at the time of separation of the magnesium-deficient rats, serum magnesium decre
127. RodentEffects of fructooligosaccharides on the absorption of magnesium in the magnesium-deficient rat model.
     J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 1994 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (gold)
     PMID 7931725DOI 10.3177/jnsv.40.171PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:In the rats fed FO-containing (1 or 5%) diet, apparent absorption of Mg was significantly increased as compared with that of the control (FO 0%) group.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:In the rats fed FO-containing (1 or 5%) diet, apparent absorption of Mg was significantly increased as compared with that of the control (FO 0%) group.
     • Food effect · abstract:And all rats fed the low-Mg (0.25 mg/g diet), high-Ca (10.4 mg/g diet), and high-P (12.0 mg/g diet) diet exhibited auricular and facial peripheral-hyperemia and hemorrhage.
     • Food effect · abstract:In the rats fed FO-containing (1 or 5%) diet, apparent absorption of Mg was significantly increased as compared with that of the control (FO 0%) group.
     • Food effect · abstract:In the rats fed a 5% FO-containing diet and sufficient Mg (0.50 mg/g), auricular and facial peripheral hyperemia and hemorrhage were significantly reduced.
     • Food effect · full text, p.1:ceived October 1, 1993) Summary Magnesium (Mg) is an essential dietary element that plays important roles, acting as a cofactor of many enzymes. Rats fed a Mg-deficient diet have been reported to exhibit auricular and facial peripheral hyperemia and hemorrhage. Moreover, increased intake of calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) has been reported to impair apparent absorption of Mg. We tried to induce suc
     • Food effect · full text, p.2:et al. Mg-deficient rats is caused by increased secretion of histamine from mast cells (6, 7). These symptoms of Mg-deficiency were observed in rats fed a diet containing almost no Mg. Meanwhile, the level of Mg-deficiency responsible for such inflammation is unknown. Increased intake of calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) has been reported to impair apparent absorption of Mg (8, 9). Mg is absorbed fro
     • Food effect · full text, p.4:at p<0.05. RESULTS Exp. 1 The body weight and food consumption are shown in Table 2. The final body Table 2. Body weights and food intake of the rats fed experimental diets for 14 days (Exp. 1). M•}SD (n=6), ns=not significant; values with different superscript letters are significantly different (p<0.05). 1See legend to Table 1. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol.
     • Form comparison · full text, p.1:FO) on absorption of Mg and skin inflammation. In the rats fed FO-containing (1 or 5%) diet, apparent absorption of Mg was significantly increased as compared with that of the control (FO 0%) group. In the rats fed a 5% FO-containing diet and sufficient Mg (0.50mg/g), auricular and facial peripheral hyperemia and hemorrhage were significantly reduced. We concluded that FO increased the Mg absorpti
128. RodentEffects of type of dietary fat and cholecalciferol on magnesium absorption in rats with intestinal resection.
     Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 1994 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 7960493
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We studied the effect of type of dietary fat and supplementation with cholecalciferol on magnesium absorption in the duodenum, jejunum and proximal colon in rats with resection of 50% of the distal small intestine.
     • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium transport against the concentration gradient was found to occur in all three intestinal segments, although transport increased significantly only in the proximal colon of intestinally resected rats fed a diet supplemented with cholecalciferol at a rate of 0.425 mg/kg diet and mixture of equal parts of medium chain triglycerides, sunflower oil and olive oil as the source[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Magnesium transport against the concentration gradient was found to occur in all three intestinal segments, although transport increased significantly only in the proximal colon of intestinally resected rats fed a diet supplemented with cholecalciferol at a rate of 0.425 mg/kg diet and mixture of equal parts of medium chain triglycerides, sunflower oil and olive oil as the source of dietary fat (diet B), in comparison with magnesium absorption in control rats subjected to intestinal transection and fed diet B, and in resected rats fed a diet without cholecalciferol supplementation and in which
129. RodentMagnesium bioavailability from human milk, cow milk, and infant formula in suckling rat pups.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1993 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 8237851DOI 10.1093/ajcn/58.3.392
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Whole-body retention of 28Mg-labeled diets in suckling rat pups 4 h after oral intubation ranged from 51% to 92%.
130. RodentIleal pH and apparent absorption of magnesium in rats fed on diets containing either lactose or lactulose.
     Br J Nutr, 1993 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 8297913DOI 10.1079/bjn19930170PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Replacement of glucose by lactose (100 g/kg) significantly stimulated apparent absorption of Mg.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Replacement of glucose by lactose (100 g/kg) significantly stimulated apparent absorption of Mg.
     • AUC · full text, p.3:et and supernatant fraction were determined. The pH of the supernatant fraction was measured directly (Russell combination pH electrode, Type RS-53 ; Auchtermuchty, Fife, UK). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was added to the supernatant fraction to a final concentration of 54 g/1 and the TCA-soluble fraction obtained by centrifugation (2 min, 10000 g). Pellet and TCA-soluble fractions were analysed for
     • Food effect · full text, p.2:ol was approved by the Animal Experiment Committee of the Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Utrecht State University. On arrival the rats were fed ad lib. on a commercial, pelleted diet (RMH-B; Hope Farms, Woerden, The Netherlands) and tap water. They were housed in wire-topped polycarbonate cages (375 x 225 x 150 mm) with a layer of sawdust as bedding. At 4 d after arrival all rats were fe
     • Food effect · full text, p.4:uated with Tukey's test. The level of significance was preset at P < 0.05. RESULTS Growth and organ weights Final body weight and feed intake of rats fed on the lactulose diet were significantly lower than those of the control group (Table 2). Relative kidney and liver weights were similar
     • Food effect · full text, p.5:* For details of diets and procedures, see Table 1 and pp. 748-750. for all groups. Weight of caecum with contents was significantly elevated in rats fed on lactose or lactulose. Lactulose produced a more than twofold higher caecum weight than did lactose. Excreta production Faeces production of rats fed on the lactulose diets was significantly higher than that of rats fed on the control diet cont
     • Form comparison · full text, p.6:Ca in the liquid phase in the ileal lumen was significantly elevated in the lactulose group and tended to be elevated in the rats fed on lactose when compared with the control group. Group mean amounts of Mg in the liquid and solid phases in rats fed on the lactulose
131. RodentBioavailability of magnesium and calcium from cow's milk and soya-bean beverage in rats.
     Br J Nutr, 1992 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 1390610DOI 10.1079/bjn19920084PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Feeding soya-bean beverage v. cow's milk consistently lowered body-weight gain, enhanced bone turnover, as measured by increased plasma alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity and increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion, and decreased Mg and Ca concentrations in the femur.
     • Food effect · full text, p.2:d that the constituents do not exhibit the anticipated effects when present in the matrix of the intact products. In order to test this suggestion we fed cow's milk and a soya- bean beverage to young growing rats and determined mineral bioavailability. The effect of lactose in intact milk was ascertained by comparing intact and lactase-treated milk. The soya-bean beverage used was deficient in met
     • Food effect · full text, p.3:S M I L K A N D S O Y A - B E A N B E V E R A G E 273 treated milk and soya-bean beverage. The milk, lactase-treated milk and soya-bean beverage were fed in the form of diets shown in Tables 2 and 3. Basically, either a protein- free mixture without minerals or a protein-rich mixture with minerals was added to make a porridge. The experimental diets were freshly prepared twice weekly. Feed consump
     • Food effect · full text, p.6:* For details of procedures, see pp. 272-275. t On a dry weight basis. on cow's milk (Table 4). There were no significant differences between groups fed on the diets containing the protein-mineral-rich mixture. Replacement of the protein-mineral-free mixture by the protein-mineral-rich mixture in the diet with soya-bean beverage significantly increased body-weight gain. Such replacement did not in
     • Form comparison · full text, p.8:ance Intake, absolute absorption, and urinary and faecal excretion of Mg were significantly higher in rats fed on non-supplemented soya-bean beverage compared with milk (Table 6). Percentage Mg absorption was decreased in rats fed on soya-bean beverage. Sup- plementation of soya-bean beverage with methionine alone did not affect Mg balance. Adding P plus Ca to the soya-bean beverage diet caused a
     • Form comparison · full text, p.9:ary hydroxyproline excretion and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly increased in rats fed on non-supplemented soya-bean beverage compared with cow's milk (Table 7). The addition of methionine to the soya-bean-beverage diet did not affect these variables, but addition of either P plus Ca or the combination of P, Ca and inethionine decreased both variables significantly. In rats
132. RodentMagnesium and calcium absorption in Fischer-344 rats influenced by changes in dietary fibre (wheat bran), fat and calcium.
     Magnes Res, 1992 · Design: not stated · n: 344 rats · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 1317206
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium and calcium absorption were affected by changes in dietary wheat bran fibre and calcium, but not fat, in Fischer-344 rats when studied in a full factorial study which was a portion of a larger study of diet and colon carcinogenesis.
     • Food effect · abstract:For four weeks, nine-week-old rats were fed experimental purified diets to which had been added: wheat bran 0, 2.5 10, or 20%; fat 1, 5 or 10%; and calcium 0.18, 0.52, or 1.04% of diet weight.
     • Food effect · abstract:From day 26 to 29 all faeces were collected in metabolic cages, and food consumption noted.
133. RodentInhibitory effect of soybean protein vs. casein on apparent absorption of magnesium in rats is due to greater excretion of endogenous magnesium.
     J Nutr, 1992 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
     PMID 1512642DOI 10.1093/jn/122.9.1910
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:True magnesium absorption was measured with the use of oral and intraperitoneal administration of tracer doses of 28Mg.
134. RodentInhibitory effect of dietary soybean protein vs. casein on magnesium absorption in rats.
     J Nutr, 1991 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
     PMID 1880615DOI 10.1093/jn/121.9.1374
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Food effect · abstract:The magnesium content of femur was significantly lower in rats fed soybean protein, but this effect was seen only when the diet contained 0.82 mmol magnesium/100 g diet.
135. RodentEffect of microflora and lactose on the absorption of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the hindgut of the rat.
     Reprod Nutr Dev (1980), 1983 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 6844718DOI 10.1051/rnd:19830210
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The patterns of TiO2 and 45Ca excretion were similar, indicating that TiO2 was a good marker of unabsorbed calcium transit.
     • Key findings · abstract:The apparent absorption coefficient of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was determined in the ileum, caecum, large intestine and faeces by the mineral/TiO2 ratio.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The patterns of TiO2 and 45Ca excretion were similar, indicating that TiO2 was a good marker of unabsorbed calcium transit.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The apparent absorption coefficient of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was determined in the ileum, caecum, large intestine and faeces by the mineral/TiO2 ratio.
136. RodentEffects of diabetes on intestinal magnesium absorption in the rat.
     Am J Physiol, 1976 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 136204DOI 10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.4.1039
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:At 12 days, mucosal growth is 50% greater in diabetics, and at 32 days, 100% greater.
     • Key findings · abstract:The difference was significant only for duodenum of diabetics at 32 days, when magnesium absorption declined to half that of controls.
     • Key findings · abstract:These findings for magnesium contrast with effects of diabetes on calcium transport: specific absorption and segment absorptive capacity are depressed in diabetics at both 5 and 11 days.
137. Other animalEnhanced Neurophysiological Benefits of Magnesium-Acetyl-Taurate Over Magnesium-L-Threonate: A Comparative pre-clinical Study on Bioavailability, Synaptic Plasticity and Cognitive Functions.
     Neuromolecular Med, 2026 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 42084749DOI 10.1007/s12017-026-08929-6
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:This research aimed to compare the brain effectiveness of MLT (115 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg) and MAT (150 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) in raising magnesium levels in biological samples like blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), muscles and brain tissues.
     • Key findings · abstract:Levels of Threonate, Taurine, and Mg2+ were also significantly higher in the MAT, MLT, and combined treatment groups.
138. Other animalSafety of magnesium l-threonate as a novel food pursuant to regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and bioavailability of magnesium from this source in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC.
     EFSA J, 2024 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 38481468DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8656PMC10934248 (free full text)PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of magnesium l-threonate as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and to address the bioavailability of magnesium from this source in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC.
     • Food effect · abstract:Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of magnesium l-threonate as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and to address the bioavailability of magnesium from this source in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC.
     • Food effect · abstract:The NF, produced by chemical synthesis, is intended to be used as new source for magnesium in food supplements at a maximum intake level of 3000 mg per day by adults, except for pregnant and lactating women.
     • AUC · full text, Section 'Human data':The latter group, which received 2025 mg Ca l‐threonate within 30 min after breakfast, had a higher area under the curve (AUC0‐t) and C max, which were about 33% and 21% higher than the group that received 2025 mg Ca l‐threonate given after overnight fasting.
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Human data':In a single‐ and multiple‐dose study, 12 generally healthy adult men between 19 and 40 years of age were randomly assigned to receive either a single dose of 675, 2025 or 4050 mg Ca l‐threonate after overnight fasting or a single dose of 2025 mg taken within 30 min after breakfast (Wang et al., 2011).
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Human data':While the mean plasma t max in all single‐dose groups with fasted subjects was 2 h, those who received Ca l‐threonate shortly after breakfast had a t max of about 3 h.
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Human data':The latter group, which received 2025 mg Ca l‐threonate within 30 min after breakfast, had a higher area under the curve (AUC0‐t) and C max, which were about 33% and 21% higher than the group that received 2025 mg Ca l‐threonate given after overnight fasting.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Animal data':The relative absorption of magnesium from Mg l‐threonate (about 60%) was reported to be statistically significantly higher as compared to the relative absorption from magnesium chloride, magnesium gluconate and magnesium citrate (which was about 40%–45%).
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Animal data':At Day 24, this increase was statistically significant by about 7% and 16% as compared to baseline and the control group, respectively.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Human data':EFSA NDA Panel, 2013), the Panel considers that an intake of 2730 mg l‐threonate per day at the proposed maximum intake of the NF, would result in a higher systemic exposure to l‐threonate as compared to l‐threonate arising from vitamin C metabolism.
139. Other animalFibroblast growth factor-23 and parathyroid hormone suppress small intestinal magnesium absorption.
     Physiol Rep, 2022 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 35385223DOI 10.14814/phy2.15247PMC8985197 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:In the present study, we examined the systemic and direct effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) on duodenal, jejunal, and ileal Mg2+ absorption.
     • Key findings · abstract:Direct FGF-23-, PTH-, or FGF-23 plus PTH exposure also suppressed transcellular Mg2+ absorption in the duodenum and jejunum.
     • Key findings · abstract:There was no additional inhibitory effect of PTH and FGF-23 on intestinal Mg2+ absorption.
     • Key findings · abstract:In the present study, we propose a novel magnesiotropic action of PTH and FGF-23 by modulating small intestinal Mg2+ absorption.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Oral Mg2+ supplement modulates intestina':In vehicle‐injected rats, after 2 h of 0.5 g/kg oral Mg2+ supplementation plasma Mg2+ level significantly increased when compared with control rats (Figure 5a), indicating in vivo intestinal absorption after oral Mg2+ supplementation.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Oral Mg2+ supplement modulates intestina':As demonstrated in Figure 5d, after 2 h of 1 g/kg oral Mg2+ supplementation, plasma Mg2+ levels in the control rats significantly increased compared with non‐gavaged rats.
140. Other animalMagnesium bioavailability after administration of sucrosomial® magnesium: results of an ex-vivo study and a comparative, double-blinded, cross-over study in healthy subjects.
     Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2018 · Design: crossover; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 29630135DOI 10.26355/eurrev_201803_14605
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We compared the absorption of magnesium oxide and Sucrosomial® magnesium at two different concentrations: 32.9 mg/ml and 329 mg/ml.
     • Key findings · abstract:In particular, the increase in magnesium concentration from baseline to 24 h was statistically higher in blood and in urine for Sucrosomial® magnesium compared to magnesium oxide, while in red blood cells Sucrosomial® magnesium had a statistically significant advantage compared to magnesium bisglycinate.
141. Other animalThe in vitro digestibility and absorption of magnesium in some edible seaweeds.
     J Sci Food Agric, 2012 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 22351498DOI 10.1002/jsfa.5626
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
142. Other animalQuantitative prediction of magnesium absorption in dairy cows.
     J Dairy Sci, 2008 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 18096949DOI 10.3168/jds.2007-0304
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:On average, Mg absorption (% of intake) was 26.2% and ranged from 9.9 to 73.7%.
     • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium absorption (% of intake) was significantly decreased by 0.31 percentage units/g of K in the DM.
     • Key findings · abstract:To counteract the depressant effect of dietary K on Mg absorption, Mg intake must be increased by 4 g/d when the dietary K concentration increases by 10 g/kg of DM so that the amount of absorbed Mg is maintained.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:To counteract the depressant effect of dietary K on Mg absorption, Mg intake must be increased by 4 g/d when the dietary K concentration increases by 10 g/kg of DM so that the amount of absorbed Mg is maintained.
143. Other animalMagnesium absorption by lactating dairy cows on a grass silage-based diet supplied with different potassium and magnesium levels.
     J Dairy Sci, 2008 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 18218762DOI 10.3168/jds.2007-0309
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
144. Other animalApparent magnesium absorption in dry cows fed at 3 levels of potassium and 2 levels of magnesium intake.
     J Dairy Sci, 2004 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 14762081DOI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73177-X
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Food effect · abstract:To test our hypothesis, 6 ruminally fistulated, nonpregnant dry cows were fed 6 experimental diets in a 6 x 6 Latin square design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments.
145. Other animalDietary magnesium increases calcium absorption of ovine small intestine in vivo and in vitro.
     Reprod Nutr Dev, 2002 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 12199373DOI 10.1051/rnd:2002003
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:In an in vivo experiment, an increase in the infused MgCl2 level (0.0, 25.0 and 75.0 mg Mg x kg BW(-1) x day(-1) with 75.0 mg Ca x kg BW(-1) x day(-1) as CaCl2) into the rumen for ten days significantly decreased fecal excretion but increased urinary excretion (P < 0.05) of Ca in five castrated male sheep.
     • Key findings · abstract:Apparent Ca absorption tended to increase (P = 0.067) whilst the retention and plasma concentration of Ca were not changed.
     • Key findings · abstract:In an in vitro experiment with isolated segments from the rumen, upper jejunum, cecum and upper colon under the presence of an electrochemical gradient, the mucosal[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
146. Other animalDietary lactulose decreases apparent nitrogen absorption and increases apparent calcium and magnesium absorption in healthy dogs.
     J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl), 2001 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 11686774DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0396.2001.00301.x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:To study the effect of lactulose on the route of nitrogen excretion, we fed six healthy, adult dogs on diets containing either 0, 1 or 3 g lactulose/MJ metabolizable energy according to a 3 x 3 Latin square design.
     • Food effect · abstract:To study the effect of lactulose on the route of nitrogen excretion, we fed six healthy, adult dogs on diets containing either 0, 1 or 3 g lactulose/MJ metabolizable energy according to a 3 x 3 Latin square design.
147. Other animalDietary potassium bicarbonate and potassium citrate have a greater inhibitory effect than does potassium chloride on magnesium absorption in wethers.
     J Nutr, 1999 · Design: not stated · n: n = 8 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 10539782DOI 10.1093/jn/129.11.2043
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We addressed the question whether the type of anion in potassium salts affects magnesium absorption and the transmural potential difference by using wethers (n = 8) fed a control diet and diets supplemented with equimolar amounts of KHCO(3), KCl or K-citrate according to a Latin-square design.
     • Key findings · abstract:Compared with the control diet, KHCO(3) and K-citrate significantly reduced apparent Mg absorption by 9.5 and 6.5%, respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:Supplemental KCl tended to reduce (P = 0.070) group mean magnesium absorption by 5.5%.
     • Key findings · abstract:The individual values for the four diets tended to show a negative correlation (r[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:We addressed the question whether the type of anion in potassium salts affects magnesium absorption and the transmural potential difference by using wethers (n = 8) fed a control diet and diets supplemented with equimolar amounts of KHCO(3), KCl or K-citrate according to a Latin-square design.
148. Other animalBioavailability of magnesium contained in roasted and ground soybean (kinako) as evaluated by serum and bone magnesium contents, kidney calcification, and magnesium absorption.
     J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 1998 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (gold)
     PMID 9742463DOI 10.3177/jnsv.44.437PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability of roasted and ground soybean (kinako) magnesium (Mg) in Fischer 344 strain male rats with respect to serum Mg level, bone Mg contents, kidney calcification, and Mg absorption was evaluated.
     • Key findings · abstract:After a 4-week experimental period, rats were decapitated and blood serum, right femur, and right kidney were collected, and Mg, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) concentration in those tissues were determined.
     • Key findings · abstract:The serum Mg concentration in the 1/3 Mg20SC group was half the level in the 20SC group, and the serum Ca concentration was higher than in the 20SC group, indicating apparent[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Form comparison · full text, p.4:erum levels of Mg, Ca, and P Serum levels of Mg, Ca, and P are shown in Table 2. Serum Mg levels were significantly decreased in the 1/3 Mg20SC group compared with that in the control group (20SC). There was no significant difference observed among the 20SCK, 20SCDK, and 20SC groups. Serum Ca level was increased in the 1/3 Mg20SC group compared with the other groups, indicating hypercalcemia. Decr
149. Other animalMagnesium absorption by wethers fed potassium bicarbonate in combination with different dietary magnesium concentrations.
     J Dairy Sci, 1998 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 9785240DOI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)70140-7
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:For wethers fed the low K diets, absolute Mg absorption rose by 0.32 g/d for each 1 g/d of Mg intake that was in excess of requirements.
     • Key findings · abstract:The high K diets reduced absolute Mg absorption by a mean of 0.36 g/d; this reduction was independent of Mg intake.
     • Food effect · abstract:To test the hypothesis, six rumen-fistulated wethers were fed diets at two concentrations of K and three concentrations of Mg in a 6 x 6 Latin square design.
     • Food effect · abstract:For wethers fed the low K diets, absolute Mg absorption rose by 0.32 g/d for each 1 g/d of Mg intake that was in excess of requirements.
     • Food effect · abstract:Rumen pH was elevated by a mean of 0.45 units when the high K diets were fed.
150. Other animalA model of magnesium metabolism in young sheep. Magnesium absorption and excretion.
     Br J Nutr, 1997 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 9497447DOI 10.1079/bjn19970213PDF
     Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
151. Other animalHigh- versus low-meat diets: effects on zinc absorption, iron status, and calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nitrogen, phosphorus, and zinc balance in postmenopausal women.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1995 · Design: randomized · n: 14 women · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 7661125DOI 10.1093/ajcn/62.3.621
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The effects of three diets--high meat (HM), low meat (LM), or low meat with mineral supplements (LS)--on zinc absorption, elemental balance, and related clinical indexes were investigated in a metabolic study of 14 women aged 51-70 y.
     • Key findings · abstract:These results indicate that 0.8 g protein/kg body wt meets protein requirements in older women, and that high meat consumption increases zinc retention without compromising calcium status and may reduce indexes of iron status, in contrast with iron absorption results from studies with radiolabeled test meals.
     • Food effect · abstract:These results indicate that 0.8 g protein/kg body wt meets protein requirements in older women, and that high meat consumption increases zinc retention without compromising calcium status and may reduce indexes of iron status, in contrast with iron absorption results from studies with radiolabeled test meals.
152. Other animalBioavailability of magnesium ions from solid dosage forms.
     Acta Pol Pharm, 1993 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 8067256
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
153. Other animalBioavailability of magnesium in beef cattle fed magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide.
     J Anim Sci, 1990 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2262427DOI 10.2527/1990.68113765x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Two experiments were conducted to compare Mg bioavailability from Mg oxide (MgO) vs Mg hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) fed in either a completely mixed diet or a mineral supplement.
     • Key findings · abstract:Mg supplementation increased (P less than .01) fecal and urinary Mg excretions, whereas apparent Mg absorption (%) and retention were similar (P greater than .10) for all treatments.
     • Key findings · abstract:Plasma Mg concentrations were similar (P less than .10) for calves supplemented with MgO and Mg(OH)2 but were higher (P less than .05) for Mg supplemented than for control calves on d 7.
     • Key findings · abstract:Plasma Mg concentrations were not different (P greater[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Two experiments were conducted to compare Mg bioavailability from Mg oxide (MgO) vs Mg hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) fed in either a completely mixed diet or a mineral supplement.
     • Food effect · abstract:Each calf was fed 5 kg/d of the respective diet during 10-d adjustment and 7-d collection periods.
154. Other animalComparison of calcium and magnesium absorption: in vivo and in vitro studies.
     Am J Physiol, 1990 · Design: not stated · n: n = 6 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2240216DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.5.G720
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Transport characteristics of Ca and Mg were compared at three different levels of the absorptive process in male (120-170 g) Wistar rats.
     • Key findings · abstract:Everted duodenal sacs demonstrated the presence of active Ca absorption with serosal-to-mucosal (S/M) ratio of 2.65 +/- 0.20 (n = 6), which was greater than unity (P less than 0.001).
     • Key findings · abstract:Mucosal duodenal Ca uptake exhibited a large saturable (Michaelis constant of 4.80 +/- 0.34 mM, maximal velocity of 4.71 +/- 0.13 nmol.min-1.mg-1) and a small nonsaturable component (0.12 +/- 0.01 nmol.min-1.mg-1) in 5-wk-old rats (120 g).
     • Key findings · abstract:In 72-wk-old rats (600 g) the di[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
155. Other animalSite and extent of apparent magnesium absorption by lambs fed different sources of magnesium.
     J Anim Sci, 1990 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2401639DOI 10.2527/1990.6882181x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Ten abomasally cannulated crossbred wether lambs (avg wt, 33 kg) were used in a replicated 5 x 5 latin square design to determine the site and extent of apparent absorption of Mg when fed different sources of Mg.
     • Key findings · abstract:Apparent absorption of Mg was .17, .55, .85, .78 and .82 g/d for lambs fed the control, MgO, MgC, Mg-Mica and MgOH diets, respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:Apparent absorption of Mg (g/d) was similar (P greater than .05) in the lambs fed the supplemented diets and greater (P less than .05) than in those fed the control diet.
     • Key findings · abstract:Preintestinal absorption of Mg was .21, .57, 1.08, .14 and .92 g/d when th[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Ten abomasally cannulated crossbred wether lambs (avg wt, 33 kg) were used in a replicated 5 x 5 latin square design to determine the site and extent of apparent absorption of Mg when fed different sources of Mg.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Apparent absorption of Mg was .17, .55, .85, .78 and .82 g/d for lambs fed the control, MgO, MgC, Mg-Mica and MgOH diets, respectively.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Apparent absorption of Mg (g/d) was similar (P greater than .05) in the lambs fed the supplemented diets and greater (P less than .05) than in those fed the control diet.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Lambs fed the control and Mg-Mica diets absorbed similar (P greater than .
     • Food effect · abstract:Ten abomasally cannulated crossbred wether lambs (avg wt, 33 kg) were used in a replicated 5 x 5 latin square design to determine the site and extent of apparent absorption of Mg when fed different sources of Mg.
     • Food effect · abstract:Lambs were fed twice daily 220 g of chopped mixed grass hay and 180 g of a corn-based supplement (control; .13% mg, DM basis), or the control diet supplemented with Mg (.26% Mg, DM basis) from MgO, magnesium citrate (MgC), smectite-vermiculite (Mg-Mica) or MgOH.
     • Food effect · abstract:Apparent absorption of Mg was .17, .55, .85, .78 and .82 g/d for lambs fed the control, MgO, MgC, Mg-Mica and MgOH diets
156. Other animalStudies in sheep on the absorption of magnesium from a low molecular weight fraction of the reticulo-rumen contents.
     Br J Nutr, 1988 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 3345310DOI 10.1079/bjn19880014PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:The net absorption of Mg from the temporarily isolated and washed reticulo-rumen was studied using either 100,000 g supernatant fractions of rumen contents from sheep fed on one or other of the two diets, or inorganic buffers containing the same concentration of Mg and other macroelements. 5.
     • Key findings · abstract:The Mg was readily absorbed from the 100,000 g supernatant fraction placed in the rumen with the rate of absorption being 7.3 mumol/l per min (505 mg/d) from the supernatant fraction obtained from sheep fed on frozen grass and 11.3 mumol/l per min (781 mg/d) from the supernatant fraction from sheep fed[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The Mg was readily absorbed from the 100,000 g supernatant fraction placed in the rumen with the rate of absorption being 7.3 mumol/l per min (505 mg/d) from the supernatant fraction obtained from sheep fed on frozen grass and 11.3 mumol/l per min (781 mg/d) from the supernatant fraction from sheep fed on grass-maize pellets.
     • Food effect · abstract:Six sheep, three animals per diet, were prepared with rumen fistulas and fed on frozen grass or grass-maize pellets to give magnesium intakes of 1.79 and 2.23 g/d respectively.
     • Food effect · abstract:The mean apparent availabilities of Mg in sheep fed on frozen grass and grass-maize pellets were 0.31 and 0.36 respectively. 2.
     • Food effect · abstract:The net absorption of Mg from the temporarily isolated and washed reticulo-rumen was studied using either 100,000 g supernatant fractions of rumen contents from sheep fed on one or other of the two diets, or inorganic buffers containing the same concentration of Mg and other macroelements.
     • Fractional absorption · full text, p.14:https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19880014 Published online by Cambridge University Press 106 N. D. G R A C E A N D OTHERS Table 4. Absorption of 24Mgand "Mg, expressed as a percentage of the initial amount of Mg added, by the temporarily-isolated and washed rumen from 100000 g supernatant fractions and buflers containing diflerent potassium concentrations (Mean values with their standard error
     • Food effect · full text, p.1:Leeds, Leeds L S 2 9JT (Received 13 April 1987 - Accepted 28 August 1987) 1. Six sheep, three animals per diet, were prepared with rumen fistulas and fed on frozen grass or grass-maize pellets to give magnesium intakes of 1.79 and 2.23 g/d respectively. The mean apparent availabilities of Mg in sheep fed on frozen grass and grass--maizepellets were 0.31 and 0.36 respectively. 2. The rumen contents
     • Food effect · full text, p.3:' and returned to the rumen. To increase the supply of the lOOOOOg supernatant fraction, rumen contents were also collected from two extra sheep, one fed on frozen grass and the other grass-maize pellets. A 9 d balance study commenced at day 17 of the control period. Blood samples were taken at days 24 and 25 and continued for a further 7 d. At the end of the control period the K intake was increa
     • Food effect · full text, p.4:nts comparing the absorption of Mg from supernatant fractions with that from inorganic buffers. The order of experimental solutions used in the sheep fed on frozen grass was as follows: E,, low-K high-Na buffer (Table 1); E,, high-K low-Na buffer (Table 1); E,, 100000 g supernatant fraction from rumen contents of sheep 16 h after feeding frozen grass; E,, inorganic buffer with similar Mg, Ca, Na a
     • Form comparison · full text, p.5:ical validity of the technique. The rate of Mg absorption from E, was always less than that from El as K inhibits Mg absorption. Results from E, were compared with E, and similarly E, with E, in an attempt to compare the absorption of Mg in either the presence or absence of potential Mg-binding compounds capable of reducing the absorption rate of Mg. Three sheep were used for experiments where the
     • Form comparison · full text, p.15:l. 1978). The use of "Mg in 1OOOOOg supernatant fractions and inorganic buffers in the isolated, washed rumen enabled the one-way efflux of Z8Mgto be compared with net 24Mgabsorption. In all three sheep studied, the net rates of efflux of 24Mgand "Mg from supernatant fractions and buffers were decreased when the K concentration was increased, and the decreases were similar for both isotopes (Table
157. Other animalThe effect of diet, intraruminal pH and osmolarity on sodium, chloride and magnesium absorption from the temporarily isolated and washed reticulo-rumen of sheep.
     Q J Exp Physiol, 1987 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 3423197DOI 10.1113/expphysiol.1987.sp003092
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Hypertonicity (422 mosmol l-1) of the artificial rumen fluid caused net influx of water into the rumen but did not influence net absorption of the electrolytes irrespective of the feeding regimen.
     • Key findings · abstract:When only hay was fed after the period of feeding 90% concentrate diets the surface area of the papillae, the absorptive capacity of the rumen epithelium and the resistance against low pH returned to control levels.
     • Food effect · abstract:When only hay was fed after the period of feeding 90% concentrate diets the surface area of the papillae, the absorptive capacity of the rumen epithelium and the resistance against low pH returned to control levels.
158. Other animalAbsorption of magnesium and other macrominerals in sheep infused with potassium in different parts of the digestive tract.
     J Anim Sci, 1985 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 4077768DOI 10.2527/jas1985.6151219x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Two metabolism trials were conducted with 12 crossbred wether lambs, each surgically equipped with a ruminal catheter and abomasal and ileal cannulae, to study the effect of K infusion in different sites of the digestive tract on site of absorption and flow of minerals.
     • Key findings · abstract:Each trial consisted of a minimum 5-d preliminary period, five 3-d collection periods to determine mineral balance and a 6-d sampling period to determine mineral flow and site of absorption.
     • Key findings · abstract:Absorption of Mg in the entire tract was decreased (P less than .05) 43% when K was infused into the rumen.
     • Key findings · abstract:The infusion of K into t[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
159. Other animalMagnesium absorption from the digestive tract of sheep.
     Q J Exp Physiol, 1984 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 6473696DOI 10.1113/expphysiol.1984.sp002844
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The addition of ammonium chloride (30 mmol/l) to the rumen contents also led to a reduction in net Mg absorption but to no significant change in potential difference.
160. Other animalMagnesium absorption in mature ewes infused intrarumenally with magnesium chloride.
     Br J Nutr, 1984 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 6498146DOI 10.1079/bjn19840120PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • AUC · full text, p.1:.00 hours over the last 6 d of each period. The volume of urine was recorded and 100-ml * Present address: The West of Scotland Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr. t For reprints.
161. Other animalEffect of supplemented magnesium from magnesium oxide or dolomitic limestone upon digestion and absorption of minerals in sheep.
     J Anim Sci, 1983 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 6674291DOI 10.2527/jas1983.5761545x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium supplementation resulted in an increase (P less than .05) in preintestinal Mg absorption, with magnesium oxide having the highest value.
     • Key findings · abstract:Supplementation had no effect (P greater than .05) on secretion or absorption of Mg from the small and large intestines or total retention of Mg.
     • Key findings · abstract:Serum minerals were unchanged (P greater than .05) due to treatment, but the levels of Mg, K and inorganic P tended to be higher in lambs supplemented with either of the Mg sources.
     • Food effect · abstract:Magnesium intake was 1.09 g/d for the lambs fed the control diet and 2.21 and 2.10 g for those fed the dolomitic limestone and magnesium oxide supplemented diets, respectively.
162. Other animalSite of magnesium and other macromineral absorption in steers fed high levels of potassium.
     J Anim Sci, 1983 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 6619018DOI 10.2527/jas1983.572503x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium absorption decreased linearly (P less than .05) with increasing level of dietary K.
     • Key findings · abstract:Preintestinal Mg absorption was decreased 39% when 4.8% K was fed.
     • Key findings · abstract:When .6% K was fed, the primary site of K absorption was the small intestine, but with the high levels of K, the preintestinal region was also an important site of absorption.
     • Food effect · abstract:Preintestinal Mg absorption was decreased 39% when 4.8% K was fed.
     • Food effect · abstract:When .6% K was fed, the primary site of K absorption was the small intestine, but with the high levels of K, the preintestinal region was also an important site of absorption.
163. Other animalUse of nonabsorbable markers for gastrointestinal contents in in vivo measurement of magnesium bioavailability.
     J Nutr, 1981 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 7463166DOI 10.1093/jn/111.2.219
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium absorption from five leafy vegetables was measured in rats using 28Mg as an extrinsic label and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chromium-mordanted vegetable fibers (cr-mordants) as unabsorbable markers of soluble and particulate gut and fecal contents, respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:The test meals used in this investigation were identical to those used in a previous test in which we found: a) that stable 26Mg biologically incorporated into the vegetables was freely exchangeable with an extrinsic 28Mg tracer; b) PEG consistently preceded Cr-mordants in transit through the gut; and c) fecal Mg isotope[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:As before, Cr-modants lagged behind PEG and unabsorbed 28Mg, and thus do not seem suitable to monitoring intestinal transit of Mg.
     • Food effect · abstract:The test meals used in this investigation were identical to those used in a previous test in which we found: a) that stable 26Mg biologically incorporated into the vegetables was freely exchangeable with an extrinsic 28Mg tracer; b) PEG consistently preceded Cr-mordants in transit through the gut; and c) fecal Mg isotope excretion 12 hours after the test meal was inadequate for measurement of Mg absorption.
     • Food effect · abstract:Accordingly, in the present investigation, all measurements in feces and gut contents were made 24 hours after the test meal.
164. Other animalEffect of isolated soybean protein on magnesium bioavailability.
     J Nutr, 1980 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 7189208DOI 10.1093/jn/110.4.829
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Food effect · abstract:Low magnesium basal diets were supplemented with graded levels of magnesium from magnesium carbonate and fed to weanling Sprague-Dawley rats for 28 days.
165. Other animalEffect of lactose supplement on digestion of lucerne hay by sheep. II. Absorption of magnesium and calcium in the stomach.
     J Anim Sci, 1980 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 7410271DOI 10.2527/jas1980.511186x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:With lactose, absorption of Mg before the duodenum was significantly increased (41 vs 19%), and the increased Mg absorption from the stomach was associated with a net secretion of Mg into the small intestine.
     • Key findings · abstract:When hay was fed with lactose, more Ca was absorbed before the duodenum (30%) than when hay was fed alone (2%) and secretion of Ca into the small intestine was increased.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:When hay was fed with lactose, more Ca was absorbed before the duodenum (30%) than when hay was fed alone (2%) and secretion of Ca into the small intestine was increased.
     • Food effect · abstract:When hay was fed with lactose, more Ca was absorbed before the duodenum (30%) than when hay was fed alone (2%) and secretion of Ca into the small intestine was increased.
166. Other animalStudies on the absorption of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and zinc by sheep fed on roughage-cereal diets.
     Br J Nutr, 1978 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 718831DOI 10.1079/bjn19780151PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Food effect · abstract:Two groups of four 18-month-old ewes fitted with a rumen cannula and re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum were fed on one of two diets based on varying proportions of dried-grass meal, ground straw and barley. 2.
     • Food effect · full text, p.2:rements of the animal by the inclusion of mineral supplements but an injection of retinol, cholecalciferol and a-tocopherol was given. The diets were fed to the animals at a level slightly above maintenance. This was achieved by feeding 653 g dry matter (DM)/d of diet I and 535 g DM/d of diet 2. Sufficient quantities of both diets were weighed into individual bags at the start of each preliminary
     • Food effect · full text, p.3:ected to IOO yorecovery of the Cr203given (MacRae & Armstrong, 1969). The mean recovery of Cr203fed was 0.80 (SE k 0.1I 5). The intake of Ca by sheep fed on diet I was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that for sheep fed on diet 2. A significant difference was also found in the amounts entering the proximal duodenum and excreted in the faeces. Although the amounts of Ca entering the proximal du
     • Food effect · full text, p.4:he adjusted mean amounts of Cu and Zn consumed, entering the proximal duodenum and excreted in the faeces and urine and apparently retained for sheep fed on diets I and 2. There were no significant differences between diets for Cu and Zn with respect to all measurements made. However, there were considerable increases in the amounts of both Cu and Zn entering the proximal duodenum relative to that
167. Other animalExperimental studies on the intestinal uptake of organic and inorganic magnesium and potassium compounds given alone or simultaneously.
     Arzneimittelforschung, 1978 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 581960
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Magnesium or potassium given as chlorides are significantly better absorbed than the corresponding aspartates. 2.
     • Key findings · abstract:In the presence of aspartate in higher concentrations the absorption of both magnesium and potassium is inhibited to a certain degree. 3.
     • Key findings · abstract:Increasing amounts of chloride cannot abolish the inhibitory effect of aspartate on potassium absorption, in contrast magnesium, which, in the presence of aspartate is better taken up when chloride is provided. 4.
     • Key findings · abstract:High concentrations of magnesium may perhaps impede the uptake of potassium to a small degree but not vice versa. 5.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Magnesium or potassium given as chlorides are significantly better absorbed than the corresponding aspartates. 2.
168. Other animalAbsorption of magnesium by the young steer.
     Br J Nutr, 1978 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 31168DOI 10.1079/bjn19780149PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Results indicated, but not unequivocably, that negligible amounts of Mg were absorbed in the first few hours. 3.
     • Key findings · abstract:Relative recoveries of Mg and markers at the duodenum indicated that proportions of Mg intake absorbed (net) varied from approximately zero for pasture to 0.2--0.5 for flaked maize.
     • Key findings · abstract:Significant correlations between absorption efficiency and sodium:potassium in rumen contents (positive) and rumen pH (negative) were observed. 4.
     • Key findings · abstract:Little net change in Mg relative to an unabsorbed marker was found between these sites even for a diet containing an Mg supplement of 8 g/kg dry matter.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Results indicated, but not unequivocably, that negligible amounts of Mg were absorbed in the first few hours. 3.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Relative recoveries of Mg and markers at the duodenum indicated that proportions of Mg intake absorbed (net) varied from approximately zero for pasture to 0.2--0.5 for flaked maize.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Little net change in Mg relative to an unabsorbed marker was found between these sites even for a diet containing an Mg supplement of 8 g/kg dry matter.
     • Food effect · full text, p.2:ter adding these substances to the rumen. It was necessary to correct for Mg entering the digesta from other sources ('background Mg'). For the stall-fed calves this interference was minimized by withdrawing the Mg supplement from the diet for 4 d before starting the experiment (preliminary observations showed that the effects of a supplement on rumen Mg concentration disappeared in less than 3 d)
     • Food effect · full text, p.3:an experiment was carried out. On the day before an experiment 200 g PEG were added to the evening feed. On the day of an experiment the calves were fed at 09.00 hours. At 12.30 hours approximately IOO g digesta were collected from the duodenal cannula and then 5 ml of a solution containing 20 g phenol red (sodium salt)/l and 9 g NaCl/l were injected at this site. A further IOO g sample of duodena
     • Food effect · full text, p.5:and other relations reported. The lack of significance was probably due to the small numbers of observations and when all experiments with the stall- fed calves were considered together (there were no significant differences in the trends shown with time between diets or calves) and paired comparisons made between I and 8 h samples (16 df) it was shown that the latter were significantly ( P < 0.02
     • Form comparison · full text, p.9:om the control approached significance ( P < 0.1)) but estimated Mg absorption up to the duodenum was markedly and significantly increased ( P < 0.01)compared to the control (Table 3). Net exchange of M g in the small intestine Results are given in Table 5 for Mg : PEG in samples of duodenal and related ileal contents from steers given diet C . Comparisons of Mg : PEG indicated that, on average, t
169. Species unclearSafety of magnesium orotate dihydrate as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and bioavailability of magnesium from this source in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC.
     EFSA J, 2025 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 40642284DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9528PMC12242050 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of magnesium orotate dihydrate as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and to address the bioavailability of magnesium from this source in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC.
     • Food effect · abstract:Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of magnesium orotate dihydrate as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and to address the bioavailability of magnesium from this source in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC.
     • Food effect · abstract:The NF is produced by chemical synthesis and is proposed to be used in food supplements at a maximum intake level of 6100 mg per day by adults.
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section 'Absorption, distribution, metabolism and':(2019), several commercially available magnesium formulations including magnesium orotate dihydrate (‘Magnerot®’; 32.8 mg Mg/tablet) were examined for ‘relative bioavailability’.
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Information on existing evaluations and ':(1993) reported this tumour‐promoting effect in a 20‐week rat study when the animals were fed with a diet containing 1% orotic acid (500 mg/kg bw per day), but not when exposed to a 0.1% orotic acid in the diet.
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Absorption, distribution, metabolism and':Under acidic (stomach) conditions, magnesium orotate dihydrate exhibited limited solubility (32% in fasted and 46% in fed states).
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Absorption, distribution, metabolism and':However, its small‐intestinal absorption efficiency (expressed as % of the initial dose absorbed) was the highest among the tested products (90% under fasted and 85% under fed conditions).
170. Species unclearTimeline (Bioavailability) of Magnesium Compounds in Hours: Which Magnesium Compound Works Best?
     Biol Trace Elem Res, 2019 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 29679349DOI 10.1007/s12011-018-1351-9
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Following a single dose 400 mg/70 kg magnesium administration to Sprague Dawley rats, bioavailability was evaluated by examining time-dependent absorption, tissue penetration, and the effects on the behavior of the animals.
171. Species unclearDose-Dependent Absorption Profile of Different Magnesium Compounds.
     Biol Trace Elem Res, 2019 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 30761462DOI 10.1007/s12011-019-01663-0
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Brain, muscle tissues, and serum magnesium levels measured in all experimental groups and control 24 h later.