Zinc Absorption: Which Form Is Best Absorbed?

Showing 60 of 64 Cmax/Tmax/AUC values (human first). All 402 values are in /api/supplements/zinc.

1. Human Pécoud A, Donzel P, Schelling JL. Effect of foodstuffs on the absorption of zinc sulfate. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1975;17(4):469-74. PMID 1091398. doi:10.1002/cpt1975174469 PubMed · DOI · other: single-dose experiments in the same pool of volunteers, repeated at least 5 days apart; Exp 1 four groups of 6; Exp 2 two groups (A, B) of 9, three breakfasts per subject in random-number order; Exp 3 three subjects per set; Exp 4 in vitro, n=33
2. Human Gandia P, Bour D, Maurette JM, Donazzolo Y, Duchène P, Béjot M, Houin G. A bioavailability study comparing two oral formulations containing zinc (Zn bis-glycinate vs. Zn gluconate) after a single administration to twelve healthy female volunteers. International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition. 2007;77(4):243-8. PMID 18271278. doi:10.1024/0300-9831.77.4.243 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover (open, two-way, single-dose), n=12
3. Human Solomons NW, Romero-Abal ME, Weiss G, Michalke B, Schumann K. Bioavailability of zinc from NutriSet zinc tablets compared with aqueous zinc sulfate. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2011;65(1):125-31. PMID 20959856. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.198 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover (random sequence allocation; placebo-controlled, three test days at 7-day intervals plus a fourth make-up aqueous ZnSO4 test in 8 subjects), n=10
4. Human Couturier E, Praet JP, Vis HL. The increase in zincaemia provoked by starvation does not influence the intestinal absorption of zinc. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 1987;163(2):165-9. PMID 3568420. doi:10.1016/0009-8981(87)90019-2 PubMed · DOI · other (within-subject comparison of two oral zinc tolerance tests during starvation; lean control group for serum zinc only), n=25 patients investigated for zinc status (13 obese); 9 underwent oral zinc tolerance tests; 12 lean controls
5. Human Henderson LM, Brewer GJ, Dressman JB, Swidan SZ, DuRoss DJ, Adair CH, Barnett JL, Berardi RR. Effect of intragastric pH on the absorption of oral zinc acetate and zinc oxide in young healthy volunteers. JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition. 1995;19(5):393-7. PMID 8577018. doi:10.1177/0148607195019005393 PubMed · DOI · randomized crossover (two-way crossover, four-phase; order of salts randomized; low pH phase followed high pH phase) plus in vitro dissolution, n=10

1. HumanAbsorption of Zinc from Mixed Diets Containing Conventional Bangladeshi Rice, Zinc-Biofortified Bangladeshi Rice, or Conventional Bangladeshi Rice with Added Zinc among Young Children from a Peri-Urban Community in Bangladesh.
   J Nutr, 2026 · Design: crossover; stable-isotope · n: 47 children · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
   PMID 41713844DOI 10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101422
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:Fractional zinc absorption (FZA) was measured in all diet periods using a triple-isotope tracer (oral 67-Zn and 70-Zn; intravenous 68-Zn) ratio technique;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
   • Food effect · abstract:RESULTS: TDZ was 4.88, 6.14, and 6.70 mg/d when fed Lo-Zn CR-, Lo-Zn CR+Zn-, and Hi-Zn BfR-containing diets, respectively.
2. HumanEnhancement of iron, zinc, and calcium bioaccessibility and bioavailability in green gram (Vigna radiata L.) supplemented with buttermilk through phytate reduction: an in vitro dietary evaluation.
   Front Nutr, 2026 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 41693945DOI 10.3389/fnut.2026.1756171PMC12900709 (free full text)PDF
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   • Key findings · abstract:Moreover, the bioavailability of these micronutrients is evaluated by treating Caco-2 cells with the final digest and analyzing them using ICP-MS.
   • Key findings · abstract:Improved bio accessibility and bioavailability were underlined by a significant rise of 68% in iron, 57% in calcium, and 23% in zinc in the buttermilk treated samples.
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Bio accessibility and bioavailability of':Although zinc bio accessibility increased by 19%, a lesser extent compared to iron and calcium, this trend is consistent with earlier reports indicating that zinc bio accessibility is strongly influenced by the presence of chelating compounds and antinutritional factors; fermentation and probiotic activity in buttermilk may partially mitigate these inhibitory effects by degrading zinc-binding comp
3. HumanDevelopment and bioavailability testing of an estetrol and estetrol-zinc-containing vaginal hydrogel: a novel hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-based formulation.
   Menopause, 2026 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
   PMID 41805135DOI 10.1097/GME.0000000000002759
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:This study aims to develop and evaluate a novel hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)-based bioadhesive vaginal hydrogel containing estetrol (E4) and estetrol-zinc, with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) as an excipient, to enhance drug retention, bioavailability, and patient compliance.
   • Key findings · abstract:Permeability testing confirmed E4 retention within vaginal tissues, reducing systemic exposure.
4. HumanZinc absorption from maize-based meals enriched with edible house crickets: a randomized crossover stable-isotope study in Kenyan pre-school children.
   Nat Commun, 2025 · Design: randomized; crossover; stable-isotope · n: n = 28 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 39856054DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-56259-1PMC11761350 (free full text)PDF
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   • Key findings · abstract:We investigated zinc absorption from house crickets (Acheta domesticus) in a single-center and single-blinded cross-over study with children aged 24-36 months old in Kenya from September-November 2021.
   • Key findings · abstract:Primary endpoints were the differences in amount of absorbed zinc (AZ) from maize-based meals enriched with intrinsically 67Zn-labeled house crickets (2.61 mg Zn, n = 28) in comparison with meals enriched with 68Zn (low-enriched: 0.90 mg Zn, n = 29); high-enriched: 3.24 mg Zn, n = 28) or with intrinsically 67Zn-labeled low-chitin cricket flour (2.51 mg Zn, n = 25), whereas the secondary endpoi[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
   • Fractional absorption · abstract:Primary endpoints were the differences in amount of absorbed zinc (AZ) from maize-based meals enriched with intrinsically 67Zn-labeled house crickets (2.61 mg Zn, n = 28) in comparison with meals enriched with 68Zn (low-enriched: 0.90 mg Zn, n = 29); high-enriched: 3.24 mg Zn, n = 28) or with intrinsically 67Zn-labeled low-chitin cricket flour (2.51 mg Zn, n = 25), whereas the secondary endpoints were the differences in fractional zinc absorption.
   • Food effect · abstract:Primary endpoints were the differences in amount of absorbed zinc (AZ) from maize-based meals enriched with intrinsically 67Zn-labeled house crickets (2.61 mg Zn, n = 28) in comparison with meals enriched with 68Zn (low-enriched: 0.90 mg Zn, n = 29); high-enriched: 3.24 mg Zn, n = 28) or with intrinsically 67Zn-labeled low-chitin cricket flour (2.51 mg Zn, n = 25), whereas the secondary endpoints were the differences in fractional zinc absorption.
   • Food effect · abstract:We found that AZ from meals with whole crickets (geometric mean: 0.36 mg; 95%CI: 0.30, 0.43) was 2.6 times higher than from low-enriched maize mea
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section 'Composition of flours and test meals':Fractionation of the insect biomass resulted in a ∼1.5 times higher polyphenol concentration of EC (464 ± 20 mg/100 g flour DM) compared to WC flour (296 ± 11 mg/100 g flour DM).
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section 'Fractional and total zinc absorption':The amount of zinc absorbed (AZ) from the maize meal with whole crickets (WC, geometric mean: 0.36 mg; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.43 mg) was 2.6-fold greater than from the low-enriched maize meal (LZ, 0.14 mg; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.16 mg; ratio of geometric means: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.9, 3.6;
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section 'Fractional and total zinc absorption':The amount of zinc absorbed from the cricket-containing meals was 1.5-fold (WC) and 1.4-fold (EC) higher than that from the high-enriched meal (HZ, 0.24 mg; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.29 mg; ratio of geometric means, WC vs.
   • Fractional absorption · full text, Table 6:Estimated marginal means of fractional zinc absorption (%) and amount of zinc (mg) absorbed from study meals, and mean differences (95% confidence intervals) between meals in Kenyan children aged 24–36 monthsa Fractional zinc absorption (%)1 Amount of zinc absorbed (mg)2 Meal type Geometric mean (95% C
   • Fractional absorption · full text, Section 'Sample size calculation':Assuming that the fractional absorption of zinc from maize porridge would be 26%, we expected a difference of 0.60 mg in absorbed zinc between the whole cricket (WC) and low zinc (LZ) meals.
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Composition of flours and test meals':Fractionation of the insect biomass resulted in a ∼1.5 times higher polyphenol concentration of EC (464 ± 20 mg/100 g flour DM) compared to WC flour (296 ± 11 mg/100 g flour DM).
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Fractional and total zinc absorption':The amount of zinc absorbed from the cricket-containing meals was 1.5-fold (WC) and 1.4-fold (EC) higher than that from the high-enriched meal (HZ, 0.24 mg; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.29 mg; ratio of geometric means, WC vs.
5. HumanZinc absorption from breakfast flakes produced from sprouted or hydrothermally processed wheat: a randomized cross-over human intervention study.
   Food Funct, 2025 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · n: n = 24 · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (hybrid)
   PMID 41231541DOI 10.1039/d5fo03650jPDF
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   • Key findings · abstract:Steeping wheat at 15 °C for 36 h followed by sprouting at 26 °C for 48 h led to 26% phytate reduction and a 1.4-fold increase in Zn bioaccessibility.
   • Key findings · abstract:Hydrothermal processing of wheat at 60 °C and pH 4.0 for 24 h in a 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer reduced phytate content by 48% and increased Zn bioaccessibility 9.9-fold.
   • Key findings · abstract:Sprouting of wheat did not significantly increase fractional Zn absorption, while hydrothermal processing of wheat resulted in a 1.1-fold increase in fractional Zn absorption compared to untreated wheat.
   • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Steeping wheat at 15 °C for 36 h followed by sprouting at 26 °C for 48 h led to 26% phytate reduction and a 1.4-fold increase in Zn bioaccessibility.
   • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Hydrothermal processing of wheat at 60 °C and pH 4.0 for 24 h in a 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer reduced phytate content by 48% and increased Zn bioaccessibility 9.9-fold.
   • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Sprouting of wheat did not significantly increase fractional Zn absorption, while hydrothermal processing of wheat resulted in a 1.1-fold increase in fractional Zn absorption compared to untreated wheat.
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.1:imited due to chelation with phytic acid. Steeping wheat at 15 °C for 36 h followed by sprouting at 26 °C for 48 h led to 26% phytate reduction and a 1.4-fold increase in Zn bioaccessibility. Hydrothermal processing of wheat at 60 °C and pH 4.0 for 24 h in a 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer reduced phytate content by 48% and increased Zn bioaccessibility 9.9-fold. Here, the potential of sprouting or hyd
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.6:48 h) wheat reduced the phytate content by soluble Zn-citrate chelates into the incubation media. 26% (see above), resulting in mineral release and a 1.4-fold Additionally, Zn ions may also bind to compounds such as increase in Zn bioaccessibility (calculated as the ratio of that nicotinamide, deoxymugineic acid, or sulfate which are easily for flakes made from sprouted wheat compared to that for
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.7:n) outcomes. (n = 24) Fractional Zn 5.02 ± 1.87a 5.52 ± 3.19a p = 0.53 In contrast with the present study, Larsson et al.58 reported absorption (%) a 1.6-fold increase in Zn absorption (n = 10) from porridge (n = 16) made from steeped (15 °C, 6.5 h) and sprouted (15 °C, 120 h) Total Zn 0.12 ± 0.05a 0.18 ± 0.10a p = 0.06 absorption (mg per oats rather than from regular oats. Similarly, Fredlund et
   • Fractional absorption · full text, p.2:1 (Sero, Billingstad, the oral (67Zn and 68Zn) and intravenous (70Zn) tracers in Norway, lot 1706877) was prepared according to Seronorm’s urine, the fractional absorption of the oral Zn dose can be esti- guidelines. Isotopic reference material IRMM-3702 was mated assuming complete isotopic equilibration and similar obtained from the Institute of Reference Materials and renal handling of both isot
   • Fractional absorption · full text, p.7:(hydrothermally 48 h) wheat. Data are presented for all participants (n = 24) and for a sprouted versus processed versus subset excluding those with fractional absorption values below the limit untreated) untreated) of quantification (n = 16). Mean values within a parameter (i.e. same row) Characteristic n = 24 n = 12 labeled with a different letter indicate a significant difference (two-sided paired
   • Fractional absorption · full text, p.8:made from sprouted wheat, resulting in women (n = 12) with marginal iron status did not affect Zn low Zn bioaccessibility and, consequently, limiting fractional absorption from cooked kidney beans. Zn absorption. To meet the threshold proposed by Fredlund In conclusion, sprouting of wheat did not result in et al.,61 a phytate breakdown of 78% would have been required increased fractional or total Z
   • Food effect · full text, p.4:f the first test day at home in a sterile, Zn-free carried out in a class-10 clean laboratory. Urine samples plastic container. Afterwards, they came fasted to the labora- (2.00 mL) were accurately pipetted in pre-cleaned Teflon tory where a 70Zn stable isotope (0.22 mg) was injected intra- Savillex® beakers. The samples were acid digested by adding venously into the antecubital vein over 10 minut
   • Food effect · full text, p.8:ts have only been observed at much higher Fe : Zn molar ratios than those in the present test meals, and primarily with aqueous solutions rather than with food matrices.68 Indeed, Donangelo et al.69 observed that Fe supplementation in present in the flakes made from sprouted wheat, resulting in women (n = 12) with marginal iron status did not affect Zn low Zn bioaccessibility and, consequently, lim
   • Form comparison · full text, p.4:to the intervention) during the entire study period lected, and the isotope ratio (70Zn/total Zn in soluble fraction) were reported. was measured and compared to the ratio in the extrinsically 2.4.4 Sample size calculation. To determine the number of labeled breakfast flakes (70Zn/total Zn in breakfast flakes). participants needed to allocate potential statistical differences Complete isotopic equi
   • Form comparison · full text, p.5:tal Zn absorption were higher for flakes δ ZnðÞ ¼ x  1  1000 ðδx Zn=δ64 ZnÞIRMM‐3072 derived from either sprouted or hydrothermally processed wheat compared to regular flakes. The level of statistical sig- with x = 67, 68 or 70. nificance was set at p < 0.05. Furthermore, the Zn in-house solution (with a previously characterized isotopic signature) was used for quality control at the beginning o
   • Form comparison · full text, p.6:n bioaccessibility (calculated as the ratio of that nicotinamide, deoxymugineic acid, or sulfate which are easily for flakes made from sprouted wheat compared to that for extracted from the wheat kernel,22 resulting in lower Zn regular flakes). Earlier, Platel et al.50 and Luo et al.51 reported content. As a result, the test meals differed in total Zn content, three- and two-fold increases in Zn bi
6. HumanA dual absorption pathway of novel oyster-derived peptide-zinc complex enhances zinc bioavailability and restores mitochondrial function.
   J Adv Res, 2025 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 39955018DOI 10.1016/j.jare.2025.02.005PMC12685519 (free full text)
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   • Key findings · abstract:In Caco-2 and IEC-6 cell models, IE-Zn was shown to significantly improve zinc absorption and retention compared to ZnSO4, driven by the upregulation of ZIP4 and PEPT1 transporters.
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Enhanced zinc absorption efficiency of I':However, IE-Zn complex led to a significantly higher rate of Zn2+ uptake, reaching 77.3 % at the 2-hour mark, compared to ZnSO4, which only achieved an 63.1 % absorption rate under identical conditions (Fig. 3E-F).
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Enhanced zinc absorption efficiency of I':Similarly, in the small intestine, IE-Zn reached 190.5 μg/g, compared to 174.7 μg/g for ZnSO4 (Fig. 4D).
7. HumanThe Antagonistic Influence of Phytic Acid on Zinc Absorption: An In Vitro Comparison of Inorganic and Chelated Trace Mineral Sources.
   Nutrients, 2025 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 41515164DOI 10.3390/nu18010046PMC12788162 (free full text)
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   • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability was assessed by measuring cellular zinc uptake in intestinal cell lines (Caco-2 and IPEC-J2).
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '3.1. Differences in Inorganic and Organi':Zinc proteinate (Zn proteinate) had the highest bioaccessibility at 42% and was 1.8-fold higher than ZnSO4 (p < 0.01) at 24%.
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '3.1. Differences in Inorganic and Organi':Zn proteinate recovery was also 1.5-fold higher than zinc bisglycinate (Zn bisglycinate) (p < 0.01) which had a 28% recovery.
   • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.1. Differences in Inorganic and Organi':In comparison, Zn proteinate had significantly higher recoveries at all molar ratios compared to both ZnSO4 and Zn bisglycinate (Tables S1B and S4), with a recovery of 16% at the 10:100 phytic acid/zinc, in comparison to 8% for both ZnSO4 and Zn bisglycinate (p < 0.01) (Figure 1).
8. HumanAcidic hydrothermal processing of wheat using citrate buffer largely enhances iron and zinc bioaccessibility and bioavailability to Caco-2 cells.
   Food Chem, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (green)
   PMID 39667302DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142340PDF
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   • Key findings · abstract:The in vitro digests were supplied to Caco-2 cells, showing that mineral bioavailabilities in these processed wheat grains were 6-fold (Fe) and 12-fold (Zn) higher than in unprocessed wheat.
   • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The in vitro digests were supplied to Caco-2 cells, showing that mineral bioavailabilities in these processed wheat grains were 6-fold (Fe) and 12-fold (Zn) higher than in unprocessed wheat.
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.2:luble 27 chelates. The in vitro digests were supplied to Caco-2 cells, showing that mineral bioavailabilities 28 in these processed wheat grains were 6-fold (Fe) and 12-fold (Zn) higher than in unprocessed 29 wheat. Thus, hydrothermal processing of wheat using citrate buffer can be used for developing 30 whole grain-based products with increased Fe and Zn bioavailability. 31 32 Keywords: cereals;
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.22:ocessing of wheat at 412 those conditions led to bioaccessible Fe and Zn contents of 17.4 mg/kg dm and 8.9 mg/kg dm, 413 respectively, which is about 6.5-fold higher than noted for unprocessed wheat. Earlier, Ekholm et 414 al. (2000) found a dose-dependent relationship between citric acid content (up to 30 mg/g) and 415 Zn bioaccessibility (up to 80%) in oat bran and flakes. Further, Hemalatha et
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.26:lain the somewhat lower Fe uptake in some of the processes (Table 2). 475 The total Zn uptake by Caco-2 cells, as a fraction of bioaccessible Zn, was 5 times higher than 476 that of Fe. Total Fe uptake could be more adversely affected than total Zn uptake by lower inositol 477 phosphates (IP3 - IP5) formed during hydrothermal processing of wheat. Indeed, Lönnerdal et al. 478 (1989) and Sandström &
   • Fractional absorption · full text, p.29:ity values (see 3.2). Earlier, Fredlund et al. (2006) found that the absorption of Zn 509 from wheat rolls with a molar phytate: Zn ratio of 28.6 (Zn absorption of 5.5%) in humans (n = 510 19) did not significantly increase when this ratio was reduced to 11.5. In contrast, Hallberg et al. 511 (1989) found a dose-dependent effect of phytate content in wheat rolls on Fe absorption in humans 512 (n =
   • Form comparison · full text, p.8:R2) and 133 the actual-by-predicted plot (Supplementary Data, Figure S1). The effects of the different 134 incubation media on phytate reduction were compared to the effect of water. 135 2.4 Moisture content analysis 136 Moisture contents were determined in triplicate according to the AACC Method 44-15.02 137 (AACC International, 1999) from the weight loss of 1.0 g of accurately weighed whole meal
   • Form comparison · full text, p.21:sibility in wheat. Here, hydrothermal processing (60 °C, pH 4.0, 24 h) of wheat using 393 acetate buffer resulted in a phytate: Fe molar ratio of 8.9 compared to the phytate: Fe molar ratio 394 of 20.7 in unprocessed wheat. The phytate: Zn molar ratio of wheat hydrothermally processed 395 under such conditions amounted to 15.0, while it was 37.5 in unprocessed wheat (data not shown). 396 To meet t
   • Form comparison · full text, p.29:labilities of 1.5 and 9.1%, respectively, and thereby 4- and 9-fold higher bioavailable Fe 516 and Zn contents (0.47 and 1.66 mg/kg dm, respectively) compared to unprocessed wheat. Almost 517 all of these positive effects are explained by the effects on bioaccessibility, i.e. by the combination 518 of reduction in phytate and the chelation with citrate. It was shown earlier in a randomized in vivo
9. HumanStingless bee propolis-loaded alginate/zinc nanogels: Enhanced propolis bioavailability and effects on melanoma cells migration.
   Int J Biol Macromol, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
   PMID 41027522DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.147958
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:Encapsulation further enhanced bioavailability, reducing the effective concentration to 0.62 μg mL-1 pNG.
10. HumanEffect of Foods, Including Rice, Miso Soup, and Japanese Tea, on the Absorption of Zinc.
    J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (gold)
    PMID 41485970DOI 10.3177/jnsv.71.544PDF
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    • Key findings · abstract:Only approximately 30% of ingested zinc (Zn) is absorbed.
    • Key findings · abstract:The absorption of Zn acetate with other foods was reduced to 14-66% compared to that when Zn was administered alone.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Only approximately 30% of ingested zinc (Zn) is absorbed.
    • Food effect · abstract:Zn acetate (25 mg as zinc) was administered orally to 13 healthy young volunteers either in the fasting state or with foods, such as 150 g of brown rice, white rice, beef hamburg, 200 mL of miso soup (fermented soybean paste soup), seaweed soup, cow's milk, Japanese tea and orange juice (100% fruit juice).
    • AUC · full text, p.1:ected before and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after administration of Zn alone, food alone (without Zn), or food with Zn. Zn absorption was compared using the area under the curve. The results showed that serum Zn levels hardly increased when Zn was administered with brown rice, whereas the Zn level was not inhibited by coadministration with seaweed soup. The absorption of Zn acetate with other foods was r
    • AUC · full text, p.3:tion, urine was collected Zn levels at 1 and 3 h after Zn administration with the during the 4-h period after administration. food, respectively. The area under the serum concentration–time curve Figure 1 shows that Zn absorption was significantly (AUC) was calculated using serum Zn levels, according reduced to 46.4% of that with Zn administration alone to the method described by Oelshiegel and Br
    • AUC · full text, p.6:o tration of Zn and foods (6, 16). Zn absorption rates have reportedly enhanced by amino acids, including gluta- also been estimated by comparing the AUCs of the mine, histidine, and citrate (6). Seaweed soup contains administration of Zn alone and that of Zn with food (6). some additives and seasonings, including amino acids, In our study, Zn absorption rate was reduced by onion powder, carotenoi
    • Food effect · full text, p.1:examined the effects of food intake on Zn absorption. Zn acetate (25 mg as zinc) was administered orally to 13 healthy young volunteers either in the fasting state or with foods, such as 150 g of brown rice, white rice, beef hamburg, 200 mL of miso soup (fermented soybean paste soup), seaweed soup, cow’s milk, Japanese tea and orange juice (100% fruit juice). Blood samples were collected before an
    • Food effect · full text, p.3:after the intake of each food alone, tolerance tests of Zn only, of food only, and of Zn along whereas serum levels increased significantly until 2 h with food in series. The interval between tolerance tests after Zn administration alone, peaking at 2 h after Zn of the food only and the Zn alone with food was 3 wk. administration. Similarly, seaweed soup, orange juice, Fasting venous blood samples
    • Food effect · full text, p.6:Effect of Food on Zinc Absorption 549 Table 4. The urinary excretion of zinc within 4 h after administration of zinc only and of zinc along with food. Group A (n56) Mean6SD Significant- Sample Group B (n57) (mg/dL) difference Zinc only Group A (n56) 181.7676.3 Group B (n57) 168.4693.3 Hamburg steak and zinc Group A (n56) 187.8649.1 0.612 Cow’s milk and zinc Group B (n57) 144.1654.7 0.600 Seaweed
    • Form comparison · full text, p.1:ce, whereas the Zn level was not inhibited by coadministration with seaweed soup. The absorption of Zn acetate with other foods was reduced to 14–66% compared to that when Zn was administered alone. Our results suggest that brown rice, which is a popu- lar food in Japan and other countries, is associated with decreased Zn absorption. Key Words serum zinc concentration, brown rice, phytate, hamburg
    • Form comparison · full text, p.3:ribed in the AUC reflects the percentage of administered with other foods was reduced to 14–66% the AUC of Zn administration along with food relative compared to that absorbed when Zn was administered to that of Zn alone. Increase in the serum Zn levels in alone.
11. HumanThe impact of wheat sprouting on iron and zinc bioaccessibility and bioavailability to Caco-2 cells.
    Food Chem, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 40974644DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.146332
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Subsequent application of in vitro digests to Caco-2 cells showed that sprouting for 120 h at 26 °C did not enhance wheat Fe bioavailability, while it increased Zn bioavailability 1.6-fold.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Subsequent application of in vitro digests to Caco-2 cells showed that sprouting for 120 h at 26 °C did not enhance wheat Fe bioavailability, while it increased Zn bioavailability 1.6-fold.
12. HumanEnrichment of Zinc-Chelating Peptides from Casein Using IMAC and Their Zinc Binding Modes and Promoting Intestinal Zinc Absorption Activity.
    J Agric Food Chem, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 40490315DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c01240
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    • Key findings · abstract:In the zinc transport experiment, the zinc transport amounts of YPVEPF, EMPFPK, and EAMAPKHKEMPFPK increased by 99.80, 67.40, and 123.37%, respectively, compared with the control group (the ZnSO4), which indicated that all three exhibited strong activities in promoting intestinal zinc absorption.
13. HumanA multifaceted analysis: Unveiling the complexities of wheat genotypes, fortification, and processing on iron and zinc bioavailability in whole wheat flour and chapati.
    Food Chem, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 39869989DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.142907
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14. HumanDiet optimization: modeling iron and zinc absorption by nonlinear programming and piecewise linear approximation using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 40609747DOI 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.022PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:In the worst cases, NLP either found no solution or the deviation was as large as 2.1 mg for absorbable iron.
    • Key findings · abstract:For absorbable zinc, the maximum deviation was only 0.2 mg.
    • Form comparison · full text, p.2:rnal of Clinical Nutrition xxx (xxxx) xxx algorithm with a good initial solution or by initiating it from multiple Diet modeling starting points [7]. Compared with NLP, PLA can offer advantages We tested the performance of NLP and PLA for both a mixed- such as shorter model runtimes and greater robustness in finding an integer and a continuous diet model. The mixed-integer diet model optimal solut
    • Form comparison · full text, p.3:were lower by 0.9 mg and 0.5 mg, respectively, than the highest observed solution. The second main observation is that PLA had shorter model runtimes compared with the Results NLP approaches. The longest observed runtime for PLA was 4.5 min (Conway Omnivorous), whereas NLP frequently reached the time We begin by briefly evaluating the accuracy of linearizing the limit of 1 h. nonlinear iron and zi
15. HumanModeling Zinc Absorption in the Adult Population of Colombia: Insights for Nutritional Evaluation and Intervention Strategies.
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 2025 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 38739259DOI 10.1007/s12011-024-04180-xPMC11700909 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Fractional absorption · full text, Section 'Understanding Zinc Absorption in the Col':This variability, while initially appearing to exceed the commonly cited range of 16–50% for fractional absorption [8], is in fact aligned with the findings from other studies, such as those by Hunt et al. [41], which have documented a similar wide range of absorption efficiencies within populations.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Zinc Intake Deficiency Across Demographi':A sex-based analysis reveals that women have a slightly lower percentage of zinc intake inadequacy compared to men for the IOM EAR, with figures being 55.7%, 66.3%, and 75.0% for the respective age groups.
16. HumanEffects of zinc supplementation in combination with difructose, an enhancer of intestinal zinc absorption, on serum zinc concentration and ratio of apo-/holo-activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme in patients with refractory taste impairment.
    J Med Invest, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (gold)
    PMID 40268438DOI 10.2152/jmi.72.156PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Form comparison · full text, p.2:<0.05. and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were measured before and after zinc supplementation in combination with DFA for three months. Changes in VSA score was calculated as the final RESULTS VAS score minus the initial score. We divided the patients into two groups : the responder group The mean concentration of zinc in serum was 66.1 ± 12.0 μg / and non-responder group, based on changes in V
17. HumanInvestigation of competitive binding of the essential trace elements zinc, iron, copper, and manganese by gastrointestinal mucins and the effect on their absorption in vitro.
    J Nutr Biochem, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 40472908DOI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.109983
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
18. HumanGlycoprotein Matrix Zinc Exhibits Improved Absorption: A Randomized Crossover Trial.
    Nutrients, 2024 · Design: randomized · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 38613045DOI 10.3390/nu16071012PMC11013578 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:GPM zinc concentrations were significantly higher at 120 min (p = 0.02; 12.4 ± 5.1 mcg/dL), 180 min (p = 0.002; 16.8 ± 5.1 mcg/dL), and 240 min (p = 0.007; 14.6 ± 5.1 mcg/dL) in comparison to USP zinc oxide.
    • Key findings · abstract:In addition, GPM zinc significantly increased iAUC by 40% (5840 ± 2684 vs. 4183 ± 1132 mcg/dL * 480 min, p = 0.02), and Cmax values were 10% higher in GPM compared to USP (148 ± 21 mcg/dL vs. 135 ± 17.5 mcg/dL, p = 0.08).
    • Cmax · abstract:In addition, GPM zinc significantly increased iAUC by 40% (5840 ± 2684 vs. 4183 ± 1132 mcg/dL * 480 min, p = 0.02), and Cmax values were 10% higher in GPM compared to USP (148 ± 21 mcg/dL vs. 135 ± 17.5 mcg/dL, p = 0.08).
    • Tmax · abstract:Tmax was 12% slower in GPM compared to USP (112.5 ± 38.7 min vs. 127.5 ± 43.1 min); however, differences in Tmax failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.28).
    • Cmax · full text, Section '3.3. Pharmacokinetics':On average, Cmax values were 10% higher in GPM compared to USP (148 ± 21 mcg/dL vs. 135 ± 17.5 mcg/dL).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.3. Pharmacokinetics':Cohen’s d = 0.66 [moderate]), with 40% larger values in the GPM condition, on average (5840 ± 2684 vs. 4183 ± 1132 mcg/dL X 480 min [mean ± SD];
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.3. Pharmacokinetics':On average, Cmax values were 10% higher in GPM compared to USP (148 ± 21 mcg/dL vs. 135 ± 17.5 mcg/dL).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.3. Pharmacokinetics':Tmax was 12% slower in GPM compared to USP (112.5 ± 38.7 min vs. 127.5 ± 43.1 min); however, differences in Tmax failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.28).
19. HumanCaseinophosphopeptides Overcome Calcium Phytate Inhibition on Zinc Bioavailability by Retaining Zinc from Coprecipitation as Zinc/Calcium Phytate Nanocomplexes.
    J Agric Food Chem, 2024 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 38380599DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07495
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Caseinophosphopeptides-stabilized Zn/CaPA-NCs were found to deliver bioavailable nanoparticulate zinc in mouse jejunal loop ex vivo model and polarized Caco-2 cells, and the treatments with specific inhibitors revealed that intestinal zinc absorption from Zn/CaPA-NCs invoked macropinocytosis, lysosomal release into the cytosol, and transcytosis.
20. HumanEffect of baking on the structure and bioavailability of protein-binding zinc from oyster (Crassoetrea hongkongensis).
    Food Chem, 2024 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 38692241DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139471
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:However, baking did not affect protein-binding zinc's bioavailability which was superior to that of ZnSO4 and C12H22O14Zn.
    • Key findings · abstract:They were digested in the intestine, zinc-binding complexes that were easily transported and uptaken by Caco-2 cells, with transport and uptake rates as high as 62.15% and 15.85%.
    • Key findings · abstract:Consequently, baking can alter the conformation of zinc-binding proteins without any impact on protein-binding zinc's bioavailability which is superior to that of ZnSO4 and C12H22O14Zn.
21. HumanThe zinc absorption of the novel peptide-Zn complex in Caco-2 cells: effects of soybean peptides charge and hydrophobicity.
    J Sci Food Agric, 2024 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 39011979DOI 10.1002/jsfa.13744
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The peptide-Zn complexes (PCP-Zn, NCP-Zn, WHP-Zn, SHP-Zn and SP-Zn) were prepared to compare their promotion zinc absorption capacity in the Caco-2 cells monolayers model.
    • Key findings · abstract:NCP-Zn had a lower Zn-binding capacity but a higher zinc absorption capacity compared to that of PCP-Zn in Caco-2 cells.
    • Key findings · abstract:NCP-Zn could improve the activity of Zn-related enzymes, and the expression levels of PepT1 and ZnT1 were higher than other peptide-Zn complexes.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSION: The promotion zinc absorption capacity of peptide-Zn complexes was not completely dependent on the Zn-binding capacity, but also depended on th[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
22. HumanZinc transporter 1 functions in copper uptake and cuproptosis.
    Cell Metab, 2024 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 39111308DOI 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.07.009
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Structural analysis and functional characterization indicate that Cu2+ and Zn2+ share the same primary binding site, allowing Zn2+ to compete for Cu2+ uptake.
23. HumanFerric Pyrophosphate Forms Soluble Iron Coordination Complexes with Zinc Compounds and Solubilizing Agents in Extruded Rice and Predicts Increased Iron Solubility and Bioavailability in Young Women.
    J Nutr, 2023 · Design: not stated · n: n = 21 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 36931746DOI 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.003PMC10127525 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to 1) investigate the ligand coordination of iron, zinc, and solubilizers in extruded rice and test associations with iron solubility and absorption, 2) assess whether co-extrusion of FePP + CA/TSC rice can protect against inhibition of iron absorption by PA; 3) determine the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) compared with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), and 4) quantify iron absorption from FePP + NaPP rice.
    • Key findings · abstract:We measured in vitro iron solubility and fractional iron absorption (FIA) in young women (n = 21, age: 22 ± 2 y, BMI: 21.3 ± 1.5 kg/m2 geometric mean plasma ferritin, 28.5[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
24. HumanPreliminary Comparison of Fractional Absorption of Zinc Sulphate, Zinc Gluconate, and Zinc Aspartate after Oral Supple-Mentation in Healthy Human Volunteers.
    Nutrients, 2023 · Design: randomized; crossover; double-blind · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 37111104DOI 10.3390/nu15081885PMC10145390 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:(3) Results: The estimated FZA was found to be significantly higher for 70Zn-Asp when compared to the other forms, while the FZA of 70Zn-Glu was found to be significantly higher than 70ZnSO4.
    • Fractional absorption · full text, Section '2.5. Isotopic Zn Absorption':Fractional Absorption of Zn (FZA) was determined via the ‘single-isotope’ methodology [44] using the following equation: FA = k (mg) × (%E of oral dose in urine/oral dose (mg)), where k (mg) is the value of 1.60 mg previously calculated [13], oral dose is 2 mg and %E of oral dose in the urine is calculated as:%E 70Zn = ((70Zn/xZn)enr − (70Zn/xZn)base) × %NAxZn, where xZn refers to 64Zn, 66Zn, and
25. HumanInvestigating the Role of Classical Ayurveda-Based Incineration Process on the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Based Jasada Bhasma Nanoparticles and Zn2+ Bioavailability.
    ACS Omega, 2023 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 36713743DOI 10.1021/acsomega.2c05391PMC9878631 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:A dose-dependent uptake and intracellular accumulation of JB nanoparticles were observed in Caco-2 cells using inductively coupled plasma-based mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS).
    • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability of Zn2+ ions (6% w/w) through JB dissolution in acidic pH 4.0 was observed, representing the stomach and intracellular lysosomal physiological conditions.
    • Key findings · abstract:Therefore, the study showed that the repeated incineration cycles produced biocompatible JB nanoparticles through the physicochemical transformation at molecular levels capable of delivering bioavailable Zn2+ ions under physiological conditions.
26. HumanZinc Uptake by HIV-1 Viral Particles: An Isotopic Study.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2023 · Design: stable-isotope · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 37894953DOI 10.3390/ijms242015274PMC10607083 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:Comprehending the mechanisms underlying zinc absorption by HIV-1 viral particles offers the potential to provide insights for developing future treatments aimed at addressing this specific facet of the virus's life cycle.
27. HumanLight-absorption-driven photocatalysis and antimicrobial potential of PVP-capped zinc oxide nanoparticles.
    Sci Rep, 2023 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 37620547DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-41103-7PMC10449794 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the hybrid nature of the NPs, and UV-Vis spectroscopy showed an absorption peak at 367 nm.
28. HumanReduced Fractional Absorption of Zinc in Children With Environmental Enteropathy in Zambia.
    J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2022 · Design: stable-isotope · n: 33 children · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 34469927DOI 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003292
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: Fractional absorption of a standardized aqueous dose of zinc was measured by a dual isotope ratio technique in a cohort of children ages between 9 and 24 months in Lusaka, Zambia, who all had non-responsive stunting.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: All 33 children had histological features of environmental enteropathy and plasma zinc concentrations below the lower limit of normal.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:METHODS: Fractional absorption of a standardized aqueous dose of zinc was measured by a dual isotope ratio technique in a cohort of children ages between 9 and 24 months in Lusaka, Zambia, who all had non-responsive stunting.
29. HumanBioequivalence of micronutrient powders to Corn-soy Blend on serum zinc concentration of children (6-36 months) with Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Thika urban slums, Kenya: A cluster-randomized controlled trial.
    PLoS One, 2022 · Design: randomized · n: n = 84 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 36121865DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0274870PMC9484639 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:A cluster-randomized clinical trial was designed to establish bioequivalence of MNPs to CSB on serum zinc status among children (6-36 months) with MAM in Thika informal settlements, Kenya.
    • Key findings · abstract:At baseline, 84.4% were zinc deficient (serum zinc <65μg/dL) and zinc intake was sub-optimal (<3 mg/day) for 95.7% of children.
    • Key findings · abstract:Mean change in serum zinc concentration was significantly higher (p = 0.024) in CSB-MNP-A (18.7 ± 2.1) μg/dL compared to control group (11.8 ± 2.6 μg/dL).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Adherence and zinc intake during the int':During the intervention, all children in the study groups met the recommended RNI of zinc intake (<3 mg/day) apart from the CSB-MNP-B which had significant lower proportions (33.4%) of children meeting the RNI compared to the control group (χ2 -test p <0.001).
30. HumanZinc Kinetics Correlate With Length-for-Age z Scores in Bangladeshi Infants.
    J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2022 · Design: stable-isotope · n: n = 10 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 35836322DOI 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003554
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The LAZ score correlated with serum zinc concentration ( R = 0.77, P = 0.001), urinary zinc excretion ( R = 0.66, P = 0.010), and fractional zinc absorption from calculated daily intake ( R = 0.58, P = 0.030).
    • Key findings · abstract:In stunted infants (n = 8), the amount of zinc absorbed did not increase with calculated zinc intake unlike published values for non-stunted infants.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:In stunted infants (n = 8), the amount of zinc absorbed did not increase with calculated zinc intake unlike published values for non-stunted infants.
    • Food effect · abstract:Stable isotopes were administered 2 hours after a meal as oral ( 70 Zn) and intravenous ( 67 Zn) tracers.
31. HumanNutritional Composition and Estimated Iron and Zinc Bioavailability of Meat Substitutes Available on the Swedish Market.
    Nutrients, 2022 · Design: not stated · n: n = 44 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 36235566DOI 10.3390/nu14193903PMC9571894 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.3. Estimated Bioavailability of Iron a':In a recent paper, we showed that non-heme iron absorption from a meal with texturized fava bean meal was as low as 4%, compared with 22% from a beef protein meal, in healthy females [59].
32. HumanZinc in cereal grains: Concentration, distribution, speciation, bioavailability, and barriers to transport from roots to grains in wheat.
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2022 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 34224281DOI 10.1080/10408398.2021.1920883
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
33. Human[Decreased Serum Copper Concentrations by Zinc Administration in Preterm Infants with Hypozincemia Are Associated with a Lower Postmenstrual Age: A Single-center Retrospective Observational Study].
    Yakugaku Zasshi, 2022 · Design: not stated · n: 70 patients · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (gold)
    PMID 36047227DOI 10.1248/yakushi.22-00083PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:The administration of zinc acetate dihydrate decreased serum copper concentrations in 21 out of 70 patients.
    • Key findings · abstract:In comparisons between the two groups with and without a decrease in serum copper concentrations, significant differences were observed in postmenstrual age (34.9 and 35.9 weeks, respectively) and serum zinc concentrations (62.0 and 58.0 μg/dL, respectively) at the start of the zinc acetate dihydrate treatment.
    • Key findings · abstract:In the ROC curve, the cut-off value for postmenstrual age for a decrease in serum copper concentrations was 34.143 weeks.
    • Key findings · abstract:The present results suggest that when zinc acetate[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · full text, p.3:ion analysis was used for a multivariate analysis. The ROC curves were drawn. The ROC curve had an signiˆcance of diŠerences was set to p ＜ 0.05. The AUC (95％ conˆdence interval) of 0.733 (0.595 cut-oŠ value of the ROC curve was selected by 0.870) and a cut-oŠ value of 34.143 weeks, i.e., 34 Youden's index. All statistical analyses were per- weeks and 1 day (Fig. 2). formed with EZR (Saitama Medi
34. HumanSelecting High Zinc Wheat Cultivars Increases Grain Zinc Bioavailability.
    J Agric Food Chem, 2021 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 34528796DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03166
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Results showed that compared to the low-Zn cultivar, the Zn concentration was 103, 50, 76, 33, and 64% higher in the crease region, aleurone layer, scutellum, embryonic axis, and endosperm of the high-Zn cultivar, respectively.
35. HumanZinc absorption and zinc status are reduced after either sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in premenopausal women with severe obesity studied prospectively over 24 postoperative months.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2021 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 33829230DOI 10.1093/ajcn/nqab039
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the effects of SG and RYGBP on zinc absorption and zinc status in premenopausal women with severe obesity up to 24 mo after surgery.
    • Key findings · abstract:A series of anthropometric, dietary, and zinc status parameters (plasma and hair zinc), and the size of the exchangeable zinc pool (EZP), as well as percentage zinc absorption from a standardized dose using a stable isotope methodology were evaluated in the patients before the surgical procedure and at 12 and 24 mo after SG or RYGBP.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: In premenopausal women, zinc absorption was decreased by 71.9% and 52.0% in SG and[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
36. HumanExpanding information on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iron and zinc in biofortified cowpea seeds.
    Food Chem, 2021 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 33482485DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129027
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Biofortified cowpea cultivars showed high levels of Fe and Zn, greater than 60 and 40 mg kg-1 dry weight, respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:Fe levels in cowpea cultivars were ca. 2.5-fold higher than in common beans.
    • Key findings · abstract:Cowpea seeds also had higher Zn levels, reaching 50.1% bioaccessibility and 44.2% bioavailability.
    • Key findings · abstract:The cooked biofortified Aracê cowpea showed a high Zn bioavailability above 60%.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Fe levels in cowpea cultivars were ca. 2.5-fold higher than in common beans.
37. HumanMeta-analysis of the role of zinc in coordinating absorption of mineral elements in wheat seedlings.
    Plant Methods, 2021 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 34641929DOI 10.1186/s13007-021-00805-7PMC8513278 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:With this method, we found low Zn supply (<  1 μM) promoted the absorption of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) in wheat seedling, while high Zn supply (>  1 μM) significantly inhibited the absorption of these elements.
    • Key findings · abstract:Cultivars with the green genes (Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b) showed a higher uptake capability on ammonium (NH4+), and cultivars with Rht-B1b allele can uptake more phosphors (P), K, calcium (Ca), Mn and Zn compared to cultivars with Rht-D1b.
    • Key findings · abstract:Further analysis indicated higher uptake capability of NH4+ in cultivars contained Rhts was independent of Zn.
38. HumanRETRACTED: Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Fortification for Rice Grain Yield and Nutrients Uptake Enhancement.
    Molecules, 2021 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
    PMID 33499293DOI 10.3390/molecules26030584PMC7865578 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The mixture of ZnSO4 and ZnO NP40 ameliorated yield component and nutrients (N, K, and Zn) uptake was enhanced compared to traditional ZnSO4 treatment.
    • Key findings · abstract:Thus, treatment via utilizing ZnO NPs as a foliar with a very small amount (40 ppm) with of basal ZnSO4 led to a good improvement in agronomic and physiological features; eventually, higher yield and nutrient-enriched rice grain were obtained.
39. HumanBioavailability assessment of zinc enriched lactobacillus biomass in a human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2).
    Food Chem, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 31699555DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125583
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Experimental data demonstrated a significantly higher (P < 0.05) bioavailability of Zn chelated by SR4 followed by LGG i.e., 57% and 48%, as compared to the commercially available inorganic (ZnSo4) and even organic (Zinc gluconate) forms tested which has 15.6% and 21.7% respectively.
40. HumanBiological Application of a Fluorescent Zinc Sensing Probe for the Analysis of Zinc Bioavailability Using Caco-2 Cells as an In-Vitro Cellular Model.
    J Fluoresc, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 32946027DOI 10.1007/s10895-020-02608-w
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:To address this issue, NBD-TPEA, a highly sensitive zinc ion sensing probe, have been used in this study towards the development of a novel fluorescence based approach for the analysis of zinc bioavailability in Caco-2 cells as an in-vitro cellular model.
    • Key findings · abstract:The use of this probe showed dose dependent sensitivity towards increasing concentrations of zinc ion uptake by Caco-2 cells.
    • Key findings · abstract:The developed assay was then tested in mushroom and some selected biofortified derivatives of wheat for determining the levels of their bioavailable zinc using Caco-2 cells.
41. HumanThe role of zinc chelate of hydroxy analogue of methionine in cadmium toxicity: effects on cadmium absorption on intestinal health in piglets.
    Animal, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
    PMID 32051055DOI 10.1017/S1751731120000166
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The results showed that, compared with Cd-treated piglets, piglets in the Zn-HMTB and Cd cotreatment groups had less Cd deposition in the stomach, ileum, caecum, colon, liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, heart and muscles (P < 0.05), and lower Cd concentrations in faeces (P < 0.05), suggesting that Zn-HMTB increased Cd absorption and the excretion of Cd in other forms (possibly urine).
    • Key findings · abstract:Zinc chelate of hydroxy analogue of methionine increased Zn deposition in the jejunum and the relative mRNA expression of divalent metal transporters 1 and zinc transporter 5 in the duodenum (P < 0.05), indicating[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
42. HumanBioavailability and cytotoxicity of Cerium- (IV), Copper- (II), and Zinc oxide nanoparticles to human intestinal and liver cells through food.
    Sci Total Environ, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 31733553DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134700
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:This may partly be due to that the more soluble NP material (ZnO > CuO > CeO2) render higher metal ion release and thus higher bioavailability.
43. HumanMeasurement of zinc concentration in blood and breast milk of a Wilson's disease patient taking zinc acetate.
    Pharmazie, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 32393423DOI 10.1691/ph.2020.9765
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
44. HumanZinc Absorption and Endogenous Fecal Zinc Losses in Bangladeshi Toddlers at Risk for Environmental Enteric Dysfunction.
    J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2019 · Design: stable-isotope · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 31033623DOI 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002361PMC6553983 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Food effect · abstract:METHODS: Bangladeshi toddlers (18-24 months) with low (<0.09) and high (≥0.09) L:M were administered isotope-labeled 3 mg aqueous zinc in the fasted state.
45. HumanBioavailability Assessment of Copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, and Zinc from Selenium-Enriched Lettuce.
    J Food Sci, 2019 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 31517998DOI 10.1111/1750-3841.14785
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Selenium (Se), and Zn bioavailability from selenate- and selenite-enriched lettuce plants was studied by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion followed by an assay with Caco-2 cells.
    • Key findings · abstract:After 28 days of cultivation, the plants were harvested, dried, and evaluated regarding the total concentration, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of the analytes.
    • Key findings · abstract:Due to the low concentrations of elements from digested plants, it was not possible to estimate the bioavailability for some elements, and for Mo and Zn, the values are below 6.9% and 3.4% of the total concentration, respectively.
46. HumanZinc supplementation does not influence serum levels of VEGF, BDNF, and NGF in diabetic retinopathy patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
    Nutr Neurosci, 2019 · Design: randomized · n: 50 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 29421993DOI 10.1080/1028415X.2018.1436236
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
47. HumanIn Vitro Bioavailability of Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, and Copper from Gluten-Free Breads Supplemented with Natural Additives.
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 2018 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 28580502DOI 10.1007/s12011-017-1065-4
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
48. HumanEffect of phytase on zinc absorption from a millet-based porridge fed to young Burkinabe children.
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 2017 · Design: crossover; stable-isotope · n: 35 children · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 27759065DOI 10.1038/ejcn.2016.199
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:SUBJECTS/METHODS: Fractional absorption of zinc (FAZ) was estimated in 35 young healthy Burkinabe children using the double-isotopic tracer ratio method with 67Zn as oral tracer and 70Zn as intravenous tracer, in a crossover design.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:SUBJECTS/METHODS: Fractional absorption of zinc (FAZ) was estimated in 35 young healthy Burkinabe children using the double-isotopic tracer ratio method with 67Zn as oral tracer and 70Zn as intravenous tracer, in a crossover design.
    • Food effect · abstract:The test meals were: (a) a millet-based porridge containing 1.4 mg total zinc (native plus 1 mg added as ZnSO4) with a PA:Zn molar ratio of 7.7;
    • Food effect · abstract:RESULTS: Mean FAZ increased from 9.5±3.4 to 16.0±5.1% (P<0.0001), when phytase was added to the meal.
49. HumanIron Bioavailability from Ferric Pyrophosphate in Extruded Rice Cofortified with Zinc Sulfate Is Greater than When Cofortified with Zinc Oxide in a Human Stable Isotope Study.
    J Nutr, 2017 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 28148685DOI 10.3945/jn.116.241778
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:However, it is uncertain if the addition of zinc to iron-fortified rice affects iron absorption and whether this is zinc-compound specific.Objective: We investigated whether zinc, added as zinc oxide (ZnO) or zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), affects human iron absorption from extruded rice fortified with ferric pyrophosphate (FePP).Methods: In 19 iron-depleted Swiss women (plasma ferritin ≤16.5 μ/L) aged between 20 and 39 y with a normal body mass index (in kg/m2; 18.7-24.8), we compared iron absorption from 4 meals containing fortified extruded rice with 4 mg Fe and 3 mg Zn.
    • Key findings · abstract:We also measured relative[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:P = 0.08).Conclusions: In iron-depleted women, iron absorption from FePP-fortified extruded rice cofortified with ZnSO4 was 1.6-fold (95% CI: 1.4-, 1.9-fold) that of rice cofortified with ZnO.
    • Food effect · abstract:However, it is uncertain if the addition of zinc to iron-fortified rice affects iron absorption and whether this is zinc-compound specific.Objective: We investigated whether zinc, added as zinc oxide (ZnO) or zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), affects human iron absorption from extruded rice fortified with ferric pyrophosphate (FePP).Methods: In 19 iron-depleted Swiss women (plasma ferritin ≤16.5 μ/L) aged between 20 and 39 y with a normal body mass index (in kg/m2; 18.7-24.8), we compared iron absorption from 4 meals containing fortified extruded rice with 4 mg Fe and 3 mg Zn.
    • Food effect · abstract:Three of the meals contain
50. HumanUpregulation of Zinc Absorption Matches Increases in Physiologic Requirements for Zinc in Women Consuming High- or Moderate-Phytate Diets during Late Pregnancy and Early Lactation.
    J Nutr, 2017 · Design: stable-isotope · n: n = 14 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 28424260DOI 10.3945/jn.116.245902PMC5443465 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Background: Estimated physiologic requirements (PRs) for zinc increase in late pregnancy and early lactation, but the effect on dietary zinc requirements is uncertain.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine changes in daily fractional absorbed zinc and total absorbed zinc (TAZ) from ad libitum diets of differing phytate contents in relation to physiologic zinc requirements during pregnancy and lactation.Methods: This was a prospective observational study of zinc absorption at 8 (phase 1) and 34 (phase 2) wk of gestation and 2 (phase 3) and 6 (phase 4) mo of lactation.
    • Key findings · abstract:Measured TAZ[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Background: Estimated physiologic requirements (PRs) for zinc increase in late pregnancy and early lactation, but the effect on dietary zinc requirements is uncertain.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine changes in daily fractional absorbed zinc and total absorbed zinc (TAZ) from ad libitum diets of differing phytate contents in relation to physiologic zinc requirements during pregnancy and lactation.Methods: This was a prospective observational study of zinc absorption at 8 (phase 1) and 34 (phase 2) wk of gestation and 2 (phase 3) and 6 (phase 4) mo of lactation.
51. HumanZinc and selenium accumulation and their effect on iron bioavailability in common bean seeds.
    Plant Physiol Biochem, 2017 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 27940270DOI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.11.019
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
52. HumanZinc Absorption from Representative Diet in a Chinese Elderly Population Using Stable Isotope Technique.
    Biomed Environ Sci, 2017 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 28705262DOI 10.3967/bes2017.052
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The absorption rate of 67Zn was 27.9% ± 9.2%.
    • Key findings · abstract:The RNI of zinc, which were calculated by the absorption rate in elderly men and women, were 10.4 and 9.2 mg/d, respectively.
53. HumanIron and Zinc Supplementation Does Not Impact Urinary Arsenic Excretion in Mexican School Children.
    J Pediatr, 2017 · Design: randomized; double-blind · n: 602 children · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 28343659DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.02.040
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: At baseline, children in the highest tertile of serum ferritin concentration had higher excretion of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA; 1.93?±?0.86%;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Key findings · abstract:P?<?.05), but lower excretion of monomethylarsonic acid (-0.91?±?0.39%;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Key findings · abstract:In an intention-to-treat analysis, iron had no effect on arsenic methylation or UAs excretion, but children receiving zinc had lower %DMA in urine (-1.7?±?0.8;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
54. HumanFirst-in-Human Trial of MIV-150 and Zinc Acetate Coformulated in a Carrageenan Gel: Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Acceptability, Adherence, and Pharmacodynamics.
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2016 · Design: randomized; double-blind · n: n = 5 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 27437826DOI 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001136PMC5172848 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:MIV-150 (plasma, CVL, tissue), zinc (plasma, CVL), and carrageenan (CVL) concentrations were determined with LC-MS/MS, ICP-MS, and ELISA, respectively.
55. HumanIncreased risk of iron deficiency and reduced iron absorption but no difference in zinc, vitamin A or B-vitamin status in obese women in India.
    Eur J Nutr, 2016 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 26454657DOI 10.1007/s00394-015-1048-1
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:PURPOSE: Two objectives were investigated: (1) to assess the risk of micronutrient deficiencies in relation to weight status in Indian women with a focus on iron but also including zinc, vitamin A and B vitamins and (2) to compare fractional iron absorption between obese (OB) and normal weight (NW) women.
    • Key findings · abstract:Incorporation of the iron isotope into erythrocytes was measured 14 days later.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: In part 1, compared to NW women, overweight/OB subjects had significantly higher C-reactive protein, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and hepcidin concentrations (p < 0.05).
    • Key findings · abstract:In pa[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:In part 2, 16 OB and 13 NW women consumed a standardized test meal labeled with the stable iron isotope 57Fe.
56. HumanThe effect of zinc supplementation on the urinary excretion of elements in female athletes.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 26826808
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:When compared to resting values, urinary excretion of copper and selenium decreased in exercise (p<0,05), but increased with zinc supplementation (p<0,05).
    • Key findings · abstract:Pre- and post-supplementation exercise resulted in reduced urinary zinc excretion (p<0,05).
    • Key findings · abstract:Zinc supplementation increased urinary zinc excretion in one-week intervals over the course of 4 weeks (p<0,05), and reduced selenium levels (p<0,05).
57. HumanEffect of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce on zinc absorption in children.
    Food Funct, 2015 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 25582850DOI 10.1039/c4fo00722k
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:To investigate whether NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce affects zinc absorption in children, sixty children were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to three groups (10 male children and 10 female children in each group).
    • Key findings · abstract:All children received daily 3 mg of (67)Zn and 1.2 mg of dysprosium orally, while the children in the three groups were supplemented with NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce (6 mg Fe, NaFeEDTA group), FeSO₄-fortified soy sauce (6 mg Fe, FeSO₄ group), and no iron-fortified soy sauce (control group), respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:The Fe intake from NaFeEDTA-fortified and FeSO₄-fortified grou[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
58. HumanZinc absorption from biofortified maize meets the requirements of young rural Zambian children.
    J Nutr, 2015 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 25733467DOI 10.3945/jn.114.204933PMC4770937 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:A secondary objective was to compare total daily zinc absorption when maize flour was fortified with zinc oxide to a total concentration of 60 μg zinc/g.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The mean ± SD total daily zinc intake (milligrams per day) from the biofortified maize (5.0 ± 2.2) was higher (P < 0.0001) than for the control maize (2.3 ± 0.9).
    • Key findings · abstract:Fractional absorption of zinc from control maize (0.28 ± 0.10) did not differ from the biofortified maize (0.22 ± 0.06).
    • Key findings · abstract:Total daily absorption of zinc (milligrams per day) from the biofortified maize (1.1 ± 0.5) was higher (P = 0.0001) than for the control maize (0.6[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Fractional absorption of zinc from control maize (0.28 ± 0.10) did not differ from the biofortified maize (0.22 ± 0.06).
59. HumanZinc Absorption from Fortified Milk Powder in Adolescent Girls.
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 2015 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 25944550DOI 10.1007/s12011-015-0356-x
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The aim of this study was to determine the impact of micronutrient-fortified milk intake during 27 days on Zn absorption in adolescent girls from northwest Mexico.
    • Key findings · abstract:Therefore, Zn absorption was evaluated in 14 healthy adolescent girls (14.1 years old) with adequate plasma Zn levels, before and after 27 days of fortified Zn milk intake.
    • Key findings · abstract:Fractional Zn absorption (FZA) was calculated from urinary ratios of stable isotopic Zn tracers administered orally and intravenously on days 0 and 27, and total absorbed Zn (TZA) was calculated.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Fractional Zn absorption (FZA) was calculated from urinary ratios of stable isotopic Zn tracers administered orally and intravenously on days 0 and 27, and total absorbed Zn (TZA) was calculated.
60. HumanZinc absorption by young adults from supplemental zinc citrate is comparable with that from zinc gluconate and higher than from zinc oxide.
    J Nutr, 2014 · Design: randomized; crossover; stable-isotope · n: 15 healthy adults · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (bronze)
    PMID 24259556DOI 10.3945/jn.113.181487PMC3901420 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:We used the double-isotope tracer method with (67)Zn and (70)Zn to measure zinc absorption from zinc citrate given as supplements containing 10 mg of zinc to 15 healthy adults without food and compared absorption with that from zinc gluconate and zinc oxide (insoluble in water) using a randomized, double-masked, 3-way crossover design.
    • Key findings · abstract:Median (IQR) fractional absorption of zinc from zinc citrate was 61.3% (56.6-71.0) and was not different from that from zinc gluconate with 60.9% (50.6-71.7).
    • Key findings · abstract:Absorption from zinc oxide at 49.9% (40.9-57.7) was significantly lower than from both other supple[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Median (IQR) fractional absorption of zinc from zinc citrate was 61.3% (56.6-71.0) and was not different from that from zinc gluconate with 60.9% (50.6-71.7).
61. HumanZinc absorption in Brazilian subjects fed a healthy meal.
    J Hum Nutr Diet, 2014 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 23634993DOI 10.1111/jhn.12119
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Urinary (67) Zn and (70) Zn enrichments were assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
    • Key findings · abstract:The mean Zn absorption from the labelled meal was 30% (range 11-47%).
    • Food effect · abstract:METHODS: Twelve men, aged 19-42 years, were fed a healthy experimental diet comprising lettuce, tomato, French fries, steak with onions, rice, beans, papaya, orange, pineapple, and passion fruit juice.
    • Food effect · abstract:The mean Zn absorption from the labelled meal was 30% (range 11-47%).
62. HumanZinc absorption from micronutrient powder is low but is not affected by iron in Kenyan infants.
    Nutrients, 2014 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · n: n = 10 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 25493942DOI 10.3390/nu6125636PMC4276989 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:Mean (SEM) TAZ was not different between MNP + Fe (n = 10) and MNP - Fe (n = 9) groups: 0.85 (0.22) and 0.72 (0.19), respectively, but both were higher than C (n = 9): 0.24 (0.03) (p = 0.04).
63. HumanCoadministration of atazanavir-ritonavir and zinc sulfate: impact on hyperbilirubinemia and pharmacokinetics.
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2013 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
    PMID 23689708DOI 10.1128/AAC.00357-13PMC3719779 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Statistically significant declines in total bilirubin C(max) and AUC(0-24) of 16 and 17% were seen in phase2 and 20% in phase 3.
    • Key findings · abstract:Although there were no significant changes in conjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin Cmax and AUC(0-24) of were lower (17 and 19%, phase 2; 20 and 23% during phase 3).
    • Key findings · abstract:The ATV GMRs (90% CI) for C(trough), C(max), and AUC(0-24) were 0.74 (0.62 to 0.89), 0.82 (0.70 to 0.97), and 0.78 (0.70 to 0.88).
    • Cmax · abstract:Statistically significant declines in total bilirubin C(max) and AUC(0-24) of 16 and 17% were seen in phase2 and 20% in phase 3.
    • Cmax · abstract:Although there were no significant changes in conjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin Cmax and AUC(0-24) of were lower (17 and 19%, phase 2; 20 and 23% during phase 3).
    • Cmax · abstract:The ATV GMRs (90% CI) for C(trough), C(max), and AUC(0-24) were 0.74 (0.62 to 0.89), 0.82 (0.70 to 0.97), and 0.78 (0.70 to 0.88).
    • AUC · abstract:Statistically significant declines in total bilirubin C(max) and AUC(0-24) of 16 and 17% were seen in phase2 and 20% in phase 3.
    • AUC · abstract:Although there were no significant changes in conjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin Cmax and AUC(0-24) of were lower (17 and 19%, phase 2; 20 and 23% during phase 3).
    • AUC · abstract:The ATV GMRs (90% CI) for C(trough), C(max), and AUC(0-24) were 0.74 (0.62 to 0.89), 0.82 (0.70 to 0.97), and 0.78 (0.70 to 0.88).
64. HumanZinc uptake by lactic Acid bacteria.
    ISRN Biotechnol, 2013 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 25937974DOI 10.5402/2013/312917PMC4393051 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:The highest amount of cell-bound zinc was obtained in L. acidophilus WC 0203. pH-controlled batch cultures of this strain revealed that zinc uptake started in the growth phase, but occurred mostly during the stationary phase.
    • Key findings · abstract:These results provide new perspectives on the specific use of probiotics, since L. acidophilus WC 0203 could function as an organic matrix for zinc incorporation.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.2. Zinc Uptake':Cell-bound zinc was determined after 48 h of growth in MRS versus MRS supplemented with 10 mmol L−1 zinc.
65. HumanIron and zinc bioavailability in Caco-2 cells: influence of caseinophosphopeptides.
    Food Chem, 2013 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 23411246DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.113
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:A study has been made of the influence of two pools of caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs) obtained from α(s)- and β-casein (CN) fractions, and of three specific CPPs (β-CN(1-25)4P, α(s1)-CN(64-74)4P and α(s2)-CN(1-19)4P), on iron bioavailability (ferritin synthesis) and zinc bioavailability (retention, transport and uptake of zinc) in Caco-2 cells. α-CPP and β-CPP pools did not improve ferritin synthesis, but the three specific CPPs showed an increase in ferritin synthesis in Caco-2 cells versus iron sulphate, β-CN(1-25)4P being the most effective.
    • Key findings · abstract:In relation to zinc bioavailability, α-CPPs, β-C[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
66. HumanMathematical model of zinc absorption: effects of dietary calcium, protein and iron on zinc absorption.
    Br J Nutr, 2013 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
    PMID 22617116DOI 10.1017/S000711451200195XPMC3683099 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Based on the hypotheses that (1) Ca and Fe both promote Zn absorption by binding with phytate and thereby making it unavailable for binding Zn and (2) protein enhances the availability of Zn for transporter binding, the model was modified to incorporate these effects.
    • Key findings · abstract:The proportion of variation in absorbed Zn explained by the new model was 0·88, an increase from 0·82 with the original model.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:The proportion of variation in absorbed Zn explained by the new model was 0·88, an increase from 0·82 with the original model.
    • Fractional absorption · full text, p.2:n-linear Dietary Fe (mg/d) 15·6 5·8 5·5 – 25·4 regression analysis using DataFit version 9.0 (Oakdale Engin- Absorbed Zn (mg/d) 3·04 0·95 1·44 – 5·10 Fractional absorption 0·32 0·12 0·14 – 0·69 eering) and R, a language and environment for statistical com- puting, version 2.13 (The R Foundation for Statistical * The median value is also shown for the phytate data since they had a skewed Computing,
    • Food effect · full text, p.4:but that non-haem Fe administered with was complexing with phytate, thus making it unavailable to Zn in aqueous solution or supplement tablets in the fasting bind Zn. This is the mechanism that we have proposed state does inhibit the absorption of Zn, with the magnitude
    • Form comparison · full text, p.2:ed to each of Data for the three potential new dietary predictors of Zn these variables. Furthermore, all of these relationships were absorption were compared with residuals from the existing positive, indicating that each dietary component enhanced model to examine relationships with the variation in absorp- Zn absorption. tion not accounted for by dietary Zn and phytate. Based on In response to
    • Form comparison · full text, p.3:Fitting the model to the data produced an R 2 of 0·88 and an Table 3. Parameter estimates with approximate 95 % CI from fitting the AIC of 40·0. This compared with an R 2 of 0·82 and an AIC of selected model to the initial dataset and the dataset augmented with the validation data* 50·0 when the original model was fitted to the Zn and phytate measurements for these forty-three data. Fitting of the
    • Form comparison · full text, p.5:tion. J Nutr 130, 1378S– 1383S. Ca– phytate bond at slightly alkaline pH. In contemplating 6. Hunt JR, Gallagher SK, Johnson LK, et al. (1995) High- versus approaches for modelling dietary mineral interactions, it is low-meat diets: effects on zinc absorption, iron status, and conceivable that the phytate binding reaction could serve as calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nitrogen,
67. HumanBioavailability of zinc oxide added to corn tortilla is similar to that of zinc sulfate and is not affected by simultaneous addition of iron.
    Food Nutr Bull, 2012 · Design: randomized; crossover; double-blind; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 23424892DOI 10.1177/156482651203300406PMC3909684 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The mean (+/- SEM) fractional zinc absorption from unfortified tortilla, tortilla fortified with zinc oxide, and tortilla fortified with zinc sulfate did not differ among treatments: 0.35 +/- 0.07, 0.36 +/- 0.05, and 0.37 +/- 0.07, respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:The three treatment groups with 0, 30, and 60 mg/kg of added iron had similar fractional zinc absorption (0.32 +/- 0.04, 0.33 +/- 0.02, and 0.32 +/- 0.05, respectively) and similar amounts of zinc absorbed (4.8 +/- 0.7, 4.5 +/- 0.3, and 4.8 +/- 0.7 mg/day, respectively).
    • Key findings · abstract:Simultaneous addition of zinc and iron to corn tortilla does not modi[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:The three treatment groups with 0, 30, and 60 mg/kg of added iron had similar fractional zinc absorption (0.32 +/- 0.04, 0.33 +/- 0.02, and 0.32 +/- 0.05, respectively) and similar amounts of zinc absorbed (4.8 +/- 0.7, 4.5 +/- 0.3, and 4.8 +/- 0.7 mg/day, respectively).
68. HumanSelenium and zinc internalized by Lactobacillus buchneri Lb26 (DSM 16341) and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb1 (DSM 17850): improved bioavailability using a new biological approach.
    J Clin Gastroenterol, 2012 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 22955356DOI 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318268861d
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: To overcome the difficulties of in vivo animal or human trials, in this work a cell culture model using Caco-2 cells in bicameral chambers (Transwell system) was developed and validated to quantify the bioavailability of some commercial forms of Se and Zn compared with the organic forms accumulated intracellularly by Lactobacillus buchneri Lb26 (DSM 16341) and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb1 (DSM 17850), respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The experimental data collected demonstrated a significantly higher bioavailability of Se and Zn internalized by L. buchneri Lb26 (DSM 16341) and B. lactis Bb1 (DS[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Most notably, Se and Zn internalized by the 2 probiotics studied are the only forms able to reach the Transwell basolateral compartment at a concentration higher than the concentration found in the apical compartment, therefore suggesting a considerably higher in vivo ability to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
69. HumanBiofortification and bioavailability of rice grain zinc as affected by different forms of foliar zinc fertilization.
    PLoS One, 2012 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 23029003DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0045428PMC3447881 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Zinc bioavailability was assessed by in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model.
    • Key findings · abstract:Foliar Zn fertilization was an effective agronomic practice to promote grain Zn concentration and Zn bioavailability among three rice cultivars, especially, in case of Zn-amino acid and ZnSO(4).
    • Key findings · abstract:On average, Zn-amino acid and ZnSO(4) increased Zn bioavailability in polished rice up to 68.37% and 64.43%, respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:The effectiveness of foliar applied Zn-amino acid and ZnSO(4) were higher than Zn-EDTA and Zn-Citrate on improvement of Zn concentration, and reduction of phytic acid, as a results higher accumulation[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Protein, Iron and Calcium Concentration ':Generally, compared to the control, foliar Zn-AA could increase protein content by 1.88–4.79% depending on cultivar.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Zinc Bioavailability of Polished Rice':Regardless of cultivar, compared to the control, amount of bioavailable Zn was increased by 13.85%, 21.96%, 64.43% and 68.37% by Zn-EDTA, Zn-Citrate, ZnSO4 and Zn-AA, respectively.
70. HumanEffect of zinc sulfate fortification in germinated brown rice on seed zinc concentration, bioavailability, and seed germination.
    J Agric Food Chem, 2012 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 22273463DOI 10.1021/jf205025b
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:We investigated the effect of germination and Zn fortification treatment on Zn bioavailability of brown rice from three widely grown cultivars using the Caco-2 cell model to find a suitable fortification level for producing germinated brown rice.
    • Key findings · abstract:Likewise, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was found among cultivars with respect to the capacity for Zn accumulation and Zn bioavailability; these results might be attributed to the difference in the molar ratio of phytic acid to Zn and the concentration of Zn among the cultivars evaluated.
    • Key findings · abstract:Based on global intake of Zn among the world populati[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
71. HumanKinetics of zinc status and zinc deficiency in Berardinelli-Seip syndrome.
    J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2012 · Design: not stated · n: 10 healthy subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 22365073DOI 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.11.002
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
72. HumanBioavailability of zinc from NutriSet zinc tablets compared with aqueous zinc sulfate.
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 2011 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 20959856DOI 10.1038/ejcn.2010.198
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In this study we aimed to compare the relative bioavailability of oral doses of 30 mg of Zn in two dosing forms.
    • Key findings · abstract:Venous blood specimens were collected at baseline, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after ingestion and the plasma Zn was measured for each sample.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The relative bioavailability of oral Zn from a commonly used, tableted (NutriSet) form is only about half of that of a reference dose of aqueous ZnSO(4) as indicated by the area under the curve of serial plasma Zn excursion and maximal change in circulating Zn.
    • AUC · abstract:RESULTS: The relative bioavailability of oral Zn from a commonly used, tableted (NutriSet) form is only about half of that of a reference dose of aqueous ZnSO(4) as indicated by the area under the curve of serial plasma Zn excursion and maximal change in circulating Zn.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:In this study we aimed to compare the relative bioavailability of oral doses of 30 mg of Zn in two dosing forms.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:RESULTS: The relative bioavailability of oral Zn from a commonly used, tableted (NutriSet) form is only about half of that of a reference dose of aqueous ZnSO(4) as indicated by the area under the curve of serial plasma Zn excursion and maximal change in circulating Zn.
    • Food effect · abstract:SUBJECTS/METHODS: In total, 10 healthy male volunteers ingested oral Zn doses with 200 ml plain water at about 0830 hours in the fasting state on two occasions, once as 30 mg of Zn in an aqueous solution of reagent grade zinc sulfate (ZnSO(4)) and another time as 1.5 NutriSet Zn tablets (Nutriset, Malaunay, France); on a third occasion, only plain water was consumed.
73. HumanEvaluation of CYP450 inhibitory effects and steady-state pharmacokinetics of genistein in combination with cholecalciferol and citrated zinc bisglycinate in postmenopausal women.
    Int J Womens Health, 2011 · Design: not stated · n: n = 10 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 21792336DOI 10.2147/IJWH.S19309PMC3140810 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Due to specific 2C8 and 2C9 inhibition, a steady-state pharmacokinetic study was performed to assess serum genistein concentrations by high-pressure liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectroscopy in healthy fasting (n = 10) and fed (n = 10) postmenopausal women.
    • Tmax · abstract:After seven days of administration in a steady-state pharmacokinetic study, significant differences were found for unconjugated genistein (including free and protein-bound), regarding time to peak concentration (1.88 ± 1.36 hours), maximum concentration reached (0.052 ± 0.055 μM), elimination half-life (2.3 ± 1.6 hours), and area under the concentration-time curve (53.75 ± 17.59 ng · hour/mL) compared with results for total genistein (including glucuronidated and sulfonated conjugates) time to peak concentration (2.22 ± 1.09 hours), maximum concentration reached (2.95 ± 1.64 μM), elimination h
    • AUC · abstract:After seven days of administration in a steady-state pharmacokinetic study, significant differences were found for unconjugated genistein (including free and protein-bound), regarding time to peak concentration (1.88 ± 1.36 hours), maximum concentration reached (0.052 ± 0.055 μM), elimination half-life (2.3 ± 1.6 hours), and area under the concentration-time curve (53.75 ± 17.59 ng · hour/mL) compared with results for total genistein (including glucuronidated and sulfonated conjugates) time to peak concentration (2.22 ± 1.09 hours), maximum concentration reached (2.95 ± 1.64 μM), elimination h
    • Food effect · abstract:Due to specific 2C8 and 2C9 inhibition, a steady-state pharmacokinetic study was performed to assess serum genistein concentrations by high-pressure liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectroscopy in healthy fasting (n = 10) and fed (n = 10) postmenopausal women.
    • Food effect · abstract:After seven days of administration in a steady-state pharmacokinetic study, significant differences were found for unconjugated genistein (including free and protein-bound), regarding time to peak concentration (1.88 ± 1.36 hours), maximum concentration reached (0.052 ± 0.055 μM), elimination half-life (2.3 ± 1.6 hours), and area un
    • Cmax · full text, Section 'Results':For unconjugated genistein among all fasting subjects, an average Cmax of 14.1 ± 14.8 ng/mL (0.0528 ± 0.077 μM) was reached at an average of 1.88 hours following the final dose of genistein, whereas the average Cmax for fed subjects, 3.01 ± 1.50 ng/mL (0.011 ± 0.006 μM), was reached at an average of 2.1 hours, suggesting that the food matrix decreased and delayed the absorption of genistein (Table
    • Cmax · full text, Section 'Results':In fasting subjects, total genistein reached an average Cmax of 798.0 ± 441.9 ng/mL (2.95 ± 1.64 μM) at an average of 2.22 hours following the final dose of genistein, whereas the average Cmax for fed subjects was 701.6 ± 310.7 ng/mL (2.60 ± 1.15 μM), reached at an average of 3.1 hours after the final dose, again suggesting that the food matrix delayed the time course of absorption (Table 2B).
    • Cmax · full text, Section 'Results':The difference in Cmax of total genistein between fasting and fed subjects was only about 14%.
    • AUC · full text, Section 'Results':Area under the curve of total genistein for the fasting group was 10423.7 ± 6290.0 ng · hr/mL and 9775.1 ± 6157.4 ng · hr/mL for the fed group, showing no significant difference (P = 0.79, Table 2B).
    • Food effect · full text, Section 'Results':For unconjugated genistein among all fasting subjects, an average Cmax of 14.1 ± 14.8 ng/mL (0.0528 ± 0.077 μM) was reached at an average of 1.88 hours following the final dose of genistein, whereas the average Cmax for fed subjects, 3.01 ± 1.50 ng/mL (0.011 ± 0.006 μM), was reached at an average of 2.1 hours, suggesting that the food matrix decreased and delayed the absorption of genistein (Table
    • Food effect · full text, Section 'Results':In fasting subjects, total genistein reached an average Cmax of 798.0 ± 441.9 ng/mL (2.95 ± 1.64 μM) at an average of 2.22 hours following the final dose of genistein, whereas the average Cmax for fed subjects was 701.6 ± 310.7 ng/mL (2.60 ± 1.15 μM), reached at an average of 3.1 hours after the final dose, again suggesting that the food matrix delayed the time course of absorption (Table 2B).
    • Food effect · full text, Section 'Results':The difference in Cmax of total genistein between fasting and fed subjects was only about 14%.
74. Human[Iron and zinc in vitro potential availability in an infant diet with fortified bread with different iron sources or with the addition of different iron absorption promoters].
    Arch Latinoam Nutr, 2011 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 22696901
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:We also used non-fortified bread with absorption promoters: ascorbic acid, sodium citrate, Na2EDTA, combined with different beverages.
    • Key findings · abstract:Regarding absorption promoters, the greater values both in FeD and ZnD were observed in diets with iron nonfortified bread containing Na2EDTA.
    • Food effect · abstract:There were no significant differences in FeD between diets with ferrous sulfate or ferrous bisglycinate fortified bread; in NaFeEDTA fortified bread it increased significantly (p<0.05).
    • Food effect · abstract:The orange-based artificial drink increased FeD, while tea and milk decreased it significantly (p < 0.05).
    • Food effect · abstract:Regarding absorption promoters, the greater values both in FeD and ZnD were observed in diets with iron nonfortified bread containing Na2EDTA.
75. HumanDecreased zinc and downregulation of ZIP3 zinc uptake transporter in the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
    Cancer Biol Ther, 2011 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 21613827DOI 10.4161/cbt.12.4.16356PMC3173731 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Immunohistochemistry identified ZIP3 as the basilar membrane zinc uptake transporter in normal ductal/acinar epithelium; and that the transporter is absent in adenocarcinoma.
76. HumanZinc bioavailability and homeostasis.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2010 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 20200254DOI 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28674IPMC2854914 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Modeling of zinc absorption as a function of dietary zinc and phytate accounts for >80% of the variability in the quantity of zinc absorbed.
    • Key findings · abstract:Fitting the model to new data has resulted in continual improvement in parameter estimates, which currently indicate a maximal absorption in adults of approximately 6 mg Zn/d and that the average estimated dietary requirement doubles with 1000 mg dietary phytate/d.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Modeling of zinc absorption as a function of dietary zinc and phytate accounts for >80% of the variability in the quantity of zinc absorbed.
77. HumanPolyphenol-rich beverages enhance zinc uptake and metallothionein expression in Caco-2 cells.
    J Food Sci, 2010 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 20546406DOI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01582.x
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The effect of red wine (RW), red grape juice (RGJ), green tea (GT), and representative polyphenols on Caco-2 cell (65)Zn uptake was explored.
    • Key findings · abstract:These results suggest that polyphenol-rich beverages, tannic acid, and quercitin bind and stimulate the zinc uptake and MT expression in Caco-2 cells.
78. HumanMeals and dephytinization affect calcium and zinc absorption in Nigerian children with rickets.
    J Nutr, 2009 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 19321589DOI 10.3945/jn.108.101030PMC2714392 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:After 6 wk, calcium and zinc absorption were measured in both groups with and without maize porridge using stable isotopes.
    • Key findings · abstract:Calcium absorption was greater with a meal (61.3 +/- 25.1%) than without (27.8 +/- 14.6%;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption was lower with a meal (16.2 +/- 8.0%) than without (63.4 +/- 23.9%;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Key findings · abstract:Enzymatic dephytinization increased relative zinc absorption from a meal by 101 +/- 81% (P < 0.001) but did not affect calcium absorption.
    • Food effect · abstract:Calcium absorption was greater with a meal (61.3 +/- 25.1%) than without (27.8 +/- 14.6%;
    • Food effect · abstract:Zinc absorption was lower with a meal (16.2 +/- 8.0%) than without (63.4 +/- 23.9%;
    • Food effect · abstract:Enzymatic dephytinization increased relative zinc absorption from a meal by 101 +/- 81% (P < 0.001) but did not affect calcium absorption.
79. HumanEffect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model.
    World J Gastroenterol, 2009 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
    PMID 19399930DOI 10.3748/wjg.15.1977PMC2675088 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:AIM: To test the effect of the dephytinization of three different commercial infant cereals on iron, calcium, and zinc bioavailability by estimating the uptake, retention, and transport by Caco-2 cells.
    • Key findings · abstract:Mineral cell retention, transport, and uptake from infant cereals were measured using the soluble fraction of the simulated digestion and the Caco-2 cells.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Dephytinization of infant cereals significantly increased (P < 0.05) the cell uptake efficiency (from 0.66%-6.05% to 3.93%-13%), retention (from 6.04%-16.68% to 14.75%-20.14%) and transport efficiency (from 0.14%-2.21% to 1.47%-[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
80. HumanEffect of dietary ligands and food matrices on zinc uptake in Caco-2 cells: implications in assessing zinc bioavailability.
    J Agric Food Chem, 2008 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 18947232DOI 10.1021/jf802060q
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The kinetics, depletion/repletion of zinc, and effects of dietary ligands/food matrices on (65)Zn uptake was studied in Caco-2 cells.
    • Key findings · abstract:Tannic acid at a 1:50 molar ratio promoted zinc uptake from wheat- and rice-based food matrices.
    • Key findings · abstract:Further, Caco-2 cells responded similarly with zinc and iron uptake when fed Indian bread prepared from low- and high-extraction wheat flour, representing low and high phytate content.
    • Food effect · abstract:Further, Caco-2 cells responded similarly with zinc and iron uptake when fed Indian bread prepared from low- and high-extraction wheat flour, representing low and high phytate content.
81. HumanAdaptation in human zinc absorption as influenced by dietary zinc and bioavailability.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2008 · Design: randomized · n: n = 109 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 18469257DOI 10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1336
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:DESIGN: In 3 experiments, radiotracers were used to assess zinc absorption by healthy adults (n = 109) from controlled diets, before and after 4 or 8 wk of dietary equilibration.
    • Key findings · abstract:In response to low zinc intakes (<11 mg/d) for 4-8 wk, zinc absorption was up-regulated to as high as 92%, but only if the diets were low in phytate.
    • Key findings · abstract:Possible biomarkers of impaired zinc status, including erythrocyte osmotic fragility, in vitro erythrocyte (65)Zn uptake, and leukocyte expression of the zinc transport proteins Zip1 and ZnT1, were unresponsive to dietary zinc content.
82. HumanClinical evaluation of the bioavailability of zinc-enriched yeast and zinc gluconate in healthy volunteers.
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 2007 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 17916952DOI 10.1007/s12011-007-0072-2
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Zinc gluconate gave higher Zn concentrations in the blood in the first 6 h but also showed greater losses in the feces.
83. HumanA bioavailability study comparing two oral formulations containing zinc (Zn bis-glycinate vs. Zn gluconate) after a single administration to twelve healthy female volunteers.
    Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 2007 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 18271278DOI 10.1024/0300-9831.77.4.243
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The comparison between the two treatments was performed by comparing the C(max), AUC(t), and AUC(inf) using an analysis of variance followed by the calculation of the 90% confidence intervals of the ratio test/reference.
    • Key findings · abstract:Bis-glycinate administration was safe and well tolerated and bis-glycinate significantly increased the oral bioavailability of zinc (+43.4%) compared with the gluconate.
    • Cmax · abstract:The comparison between the two treatments was performed by comparing the C(max), AUC(t), and AUC(inf) using an analysis of variance followed by the calculation of the 90% confidence intervals of the ratio test/reference.
    • AUC · abstract:The comparison between the two treatments was performed by comparing the C(max), AUC(t), and AUC(inf) using an analysis of variance followed by the calculation of the 90% confidence intervals of the ratio test/reference.
84. HumanNew insights about iron bioavailability inhibition by zinc.
    Nutrition, 2007 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 17350802DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2007.01.006
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Iron bioavailability was assessed by erythrocyte incorporation of iron radioisotopes (55)Fe and (59)Fe.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: No significant effect of Zn on Fe bioavailability was observed at lower doses; however, at higher doses Fe bioavailability was inhibited by 56% (P < 0.001, repeated measures analysis of variance).
85. HumanZinc inhibits nonheme iron bioavailability in humans.
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 2007 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 17873388DOI 10.1007/BF02698079
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Iron bioavailability was measured on the basis of erythrocyte incorporation of 55Fe or 59Fe 14 d after administration.
    • Key findings · abstract:No significant effect of zinc on iron absorption was found at Zn:Fe molar ratios up to 2:1.
    • Key findings · abstract:At 5:1,10:1, and 20:1 molar ratios, a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on iron absorption was observed (28-40% of iron absorption inhibition; one-way repeated-measures ANOVA, F=4.48, p=0.02).
86. HumanEffect of high-dose iron supplements on fractional zinc absorption and status in pregnant women.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2007 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · n: 6 women · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 17209188DOI 10.1093/ajcn/85.1.131
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the effect of consuming an iron supplement (100 mg Fe/d as ferrous gluconate) with meals from 16 wk gestation to term on zinc status and absorption.
    • Key findings · abstract:DESIGN: Stable-isotope techniques were used to measure zinc status (exchangeable zinc pool, EZP) and fractional zinc absorption (FZA) in early and late pregnancy from a meal consumed at a different time from that of iron supplement or placebo consumption in 6 women given iron supplements and 7 given a placebo.
    • Key findings · abstract:FZA was significantly higher (P < 0.001) at week 34 than at weeks 16 and 24, and urinary zinc excre[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the effect of consuming an iron supplement (100 mg Fe/d as ferrous gluconate) with meals from 16 wk gestation to term on zinc status and absorption.
    • Food effect · abstract:DESIGN: Stable-isotope techniques were used to measure zinc status (exchangeable zinc pool, EZP) and fractional zinc absorption (FZA) in early and late pregnancy from a meal consumed at a different time from that of iron supplement or placebo consumption in 6 women given iron supplements and 7 given a placebo.
87. HumanCharacterization of zinc, lead, and cadmium in mine waste: implications for transport, exposure, and bioavailability.
    Environ Sci Technol, 2007 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 17612206DOI 10.1021/es0626943
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Bulk mine waste samples contained elevated Zn (9100 +/- 2500 ppm), Pb (650 +/- 360 ppm), and Cd (42 +/- 10 ppm), while particles with the greatest potential for windborne transport and inhalation (< 10 microm) contained substantially higher concentrations, up to 220 000 ppm Zn, 16 000 ppm Pb, and 530 ppm Cd in particles < 1 microm.
88. HumanA mathematical model of zinc absorption in humans as a function of dietary zinc and phytate.
    J Nutr, 2007 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 17182814DOI 10.1093/jn/137.1.135PMC1995555 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:A model of moderate mathematical complexity relating total zinc absorption to total dietary zinc and total dietary phytate was derived and fit to 21 mean data from whole day absorption studies using nonlinear regression analysis.
89. HumanDemonstrating zinc and iron bioavailability from intrinsically labeled microencapsulated ferrous fumarate and zinc gluconate Sprinkles in young children.
    J Nutr, 2006 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 16549451DOI 10.1093/jn/136.4.920
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The objectives of this randomized controlled trial were as follows: 1) to compare the absorption of zinc at 2 doses given as Sprinkles; and 2) to examine the effect of zinc and ascorbic acid (AA) on iron absorption from Sprinkles.
    • Key findings · abstract:The percentage of zinc absorbed did not differ between LoZn (geometric mean = 6.4%; min-max: 1.7-14.6) and HiZn (geometric mean = 7.5%; min-max: 3.3-18.0) groups.
    • Key findings · abstract:However, total zinc absorbed was significantly different between the LoZn (geometric mean = 0.31 mg; min-max: 0.08-0.73) and HiZn (geometric mean = 0.82 mg; min-max: 0.33-1.82) groups (P = 0.0004).
    • Key findings · abstract:Ge[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:The percentage of zinc absorbed did not differ between LoZn (geometric mean = 6.4%; min-max: 1.7-14.6) and HiZn (geometric mean = 7.5%; min-max: 3.3-18.0) groups.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:However, total zinc absorbed was significantly different between the LoZn (geometric mean = 0.31 mg; min-max: 0.08-0.73) and HiZn (geometric mean = 0.82 mg; min-max: 0.33-1.82) groups (P = 0.0004).
90. HumanA single centre, open-label, cross-over study of pharmacokinetics comparing topical zinc/clindamycin gel (Zindaclin) and topical clindamycin lotion (Dalacin T) in subjects with mild to moderate acne.
    J Dermatolog Treat, 2006 · Design: randomized · n: 24 subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 16854755DOI 10.1080/09546630600727115
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Zinc/clindamycin gel (Zindaclin 1%) gel, is a new once-daily topical acne treatment (Strakan Ltd) containing clindamycin phosphate equivalent to 1% clindamycin and zinc acetate in a formulation, which leads to a reduced systemic absorption of clindamycin through the skin.
    • Key findings · abstract:The objective of the study was to compare the systemic absorption of clindamycin from zinc/clindamycin gel and clindamycin lotion (Dalacin T topical lotion, Pharmacia Ltd) after repeated twice-daily topical administration for two periods of 5 days with an intervening gap of 2 weeks in 24 subjects with mild to moderate acne.
    • Cmax · abstract:Plasma Cmax, and AUC0-12 of clindamycin measured after single and multiple applications of zinc/clindamycin gel were between 30% and 50% lower than for clindamycin lotion.
    • AUC · abstract:Plasma Cmax, and AUC0-12 of clindamycin measured after single and multiple applications of zinc/clindamycin gel were between 30% and 50% lower than for clindamycin lotion.
91. HumanZinc absorption in Guatemalan schoolchildren fed normal or low-phytate maize.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2006 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 16400050DOI 10.1093/ajcn/83.1.59
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:During the final week, the fractional absorption of zinc for all meals was measured during 1 d with the use of zinc stable isotopes and a dual isotope ratio technique based on urine enrichment data.
    • Key findings · abstract:Corresponding fractional absorptions of zinc were 0.32 +/- 0.07, 0.28 +/- 0.07, and 0.29 +/- 0.06.
    • Key findings · abstract:The respective values for total absorbed zinc were 2.72 +/- 0.88, 2.30 +/- 0.96, and 2.78 +/- 1.04 mg/d.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:During the final week, the fractional absorption of zinc for all meals was measured during 1 d with the use of zinc stable isotopes and a dual isotope ratio technique based on urine enrichment data.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Corresponding fractional absorptions of zinc were 0.32 +/- 0.07, 0.28 +/- 0.07, and 0.29 +/- 0.06.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:The respective values for total absorbed zinc were 2.72 +/- 0.88, 2.30 +/- 0.96, and 2.78 +/- 1.04 mg/d.
    • Food effect · abstract:Sixty children (20 per group) were randomly assigned to be fed only the low-phytate maize or 1 of 2 control maizes, the isohybrid wild-type maize or a local maize, for a 10-wk period.
    • Food effect · abstract:During the final week, the fractional absorption of zinc for all meals was measured during 1 d with the use of zinc stable isotopes and a dual isotope ratio technique based on urine enrichment data.
92. HumanZinc absorption during late pregnancy in rural southern Ethiopia.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2006 · Design: stable-isotope · n: n = 17 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 17093163DOI 10.1093/ajcn/84.5.1102PMC1987331 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Mean (+/-SD) FAZ was 0.35 +/- 0.11, TDZ was 6.0 +/- 3.2 mg/d, TAZ was 2.1 +/- 1.0 mg/d, phytate intake was 1033 +/- 843 mg/d, plasma zinc was 44.1 +/- 6.0 microg/dL, and the exchangeable zinc pool size was 142 +/- 39 mg.
    • Food effect · abstract:FAZ was determined with a dual-isotope tracer ratio technique that uses measurements of urine enrichment with zinc stable isotopes administered intravenously and orally, as an extrinsic label, with all meals in 1 d.
93. HumanInhibition of iron and copper uptake by iron, copper and zinc.
    Biol Res, 2006 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 16629169DOI 10.4067/s0716-97602006000100011
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In this work, we measure the effects of increasing concentrations of iron, zinc, and copper on iron and copper uptake in Caco-2 cells.
    • Key findings · abstract:When the three metals were given together (1:1:1 ratio), Fe or Cu uptake was inhibited approximately 40%.
94. HumanChanges in zinc absorption during development.
    J Pediatr, 2006 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 17212960DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.06.054
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:When adjusted for differences in length of small intestine, the efficiency of Zn absorption for both term (4 months) and preterm (33 weeks post-conception) infants was comparable with that for adults, suggesting early maturation of mechanisms that regulate absorption.
95. HumanAbsorption of zinc and retention of calcium: dose-dependent inhibition by phytate.
    J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2006 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 16632176DOI 10.1016/j.jtemb.2006.01.003
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The rolls were labelled extrinsically with radioisotopes, 65Zn and 47Ca, and whole-body retention of both minerals was measured.
    • Key findings · abstract:The zinc absorption in meals to which either 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 140, 175 or 250 mg of phytate-P (0, 134, 269, 403, 538, 753, 941 or 1344 micromol phytate) had been added was 22%, 16%, 14%, 11%, 7%, 7%, 7% and 6%, respectively (mean values).
    • Key findings · abstract:The addition of 50 mg phytate-P or more significantly decreased zinc absorption (p=0.01) as compared to absorption from the test meals with no added phytate.
    • Key findings · abstract:The calcium retention at day 7 in the same meals was 31%, 28%, 27[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:Totally 105 meals were served, 36 meals in which no phytate was added and 9-10 meals on each level of phytate.
    • Food effect · abstract:The zinc absorption in meals to which either 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 140, 175 or 250 mg of phytate-P (0, 134, 269, 403, 538, 753, 941 or 1344 micromol phytate) had been added was 22%, 16%, 14%, 11%, 7%, 7%, 7% and 6%, respectively (mean values).
    • Food effect · abstract:The addition of 50 mg phytate-P or more significantly decreased zinc absorption (p=0.01) as compared to absorption from the test meals with no added phytate.
    • Food effect · abstract:The calcium retention at day 7 in the same meals was 31%, 28%, 27%, 26%, 22%, 19%,
96. HumanZinc absorption from zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, zinc oxide + EDTA, or sodium-zinc EDTA does not differ when added as fortificants to maize tortillas.
    J Nutr, 2005 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 15867288DOI 10.1093/jn/135.5.1102
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:A double isotopic tracer ratio method ((67)Zn as oral tracer and (70)Zn as intravenous tracer) was used to estimate zinc absorption in 42 Mexican women living in a periurban community of Puebla State, Mexico.
    • Key findings · abstract:The test meal consisted of maize tortillas, yellow beans, chili sauce, and milk with instant coffee; it contained 3.3 mg zinc and had a phytate:zinc molar ratio of 17.
    • Key findings · abstract:Percent absorptions were (mean +/- SD) zinc oxide, 10.8 +/- 0.9; zinc sulfate, 10.0 +/- 0.02; zinc oxide + EDTA, 12.7 +/- 1.5; and sodium-zinc EDTA, 11.1 +/- 0.7.
    • Key findings · abstract:We conclude that there was no difference in zinc absor[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
97. HumanThe pharmacokinetics of zinc from zinc gluconate: a comparison with zinc oxide in healthy men.
    Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2005 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 16372518DOI 10.5414/cpp43562
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: C(max) was found 18.3% (10.3 - 26.3%) higher following multiple-dose administration of zinc gluconate as compared to zinc oxide (mean; 0.95% confidence interval of the relative differences between both treatment conditions; p < 0.05).
    • Key findings · abstract:AUC(0-24h) was noted 8.1% (1.9 - 14.3%) higher after zinc was given as zinc gluconate when compared to zinc oxide (p < 0.05) whereas t(max) did not differ between both treatment conditions.
    • Cmax · abstract:RESULTS: C(max) was found 18.3% (10.3 - 26.3%) higher following multiple-dose administration of zinc gluconate as compared to zinc oxide (mean; 0.95% confidence interval of the relative differences between both treatment conditions; p < 0.05).
    • Tmax · abstract:AUC(0-24h) was noted 8.1% (1.9 - 14.3%) higher after zinc was given as zinc gluconate when compared to zinc oxide (p < 0.05) whereas t(max) did not differ between both treatment conditions.
    • AUC · abstract:AUC(0-24h) was noted 8.1% (1.9 - 14.3%) higher after zinc was given as zinc gluconate when compared to zinc oxide (p < 0.05) whereas t(max) did not differ between both treatment conditions.
98. HumanThe effect of calcium salts, ascorbic acid and peptic pH on calcium, zinc and iron bioavailabilities from fortified human milk using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model.
    Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 2005 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 16028632DOI 10.1024/0300-9831.75.3.171
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The calcium, zinc, and iron bioavailabilities of human milk with commercial and noncommercial human milk fortifiers (HMFs) were evaluated under a variety of conditions: peptic digestion at pH 2 and pH 4, supplementation of ascorbic acid, and addition of three calcium salts.
    • Key findings · abstract:Results showed that the peptic pH (2 vs. 4) had no effect on mineral bioavailability.
    • Key findings · abstract:Addition of different calcium salts had no effect on calcium cell uptake and cell ferritin levels (an indicator of iron uptake), however, the addition of calcium glycerophosphate/gluconate increased zinc uptake by Caco-2 cells.
    • Key findings · abstract:Among[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
99. HumanLongitudinal measurements of zinc absorption in Peruvian children consuming wheat products fortified with iron only or iron and 1 of 2 amounts of zinc.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2005 · Design: randomized · n: 31 children · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 15755834DOI 10.1093/ajcn/81.3.637
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The objective was to measure FAZ and AZ from diets fortified with different amounts of zinc and to determine whether zinc absorption changes over approximately 7 wk.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: For the breakfast and lunch meals combined, mean total zinc intakes were 2.14, 4.72, and 10.04 mg/d in groups Zn-0, Zn-3, and Zn-9, respectively, during the initial absorption studies; mean (+/-SD) FAZ values were 0.341 +/- 0.111, 0.237 +/- 0.052, and 0.133 +/- 0.041, respectively, on days 2-3 (P < 0.001) and did not change significantly on days 51-52 in the subset of 31 children studied twice.
    • Key findings · abstract:Although con[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:DESIGN: Forty-one stunted, moderately anemic children received daily, at breakfast and lunch, 100 g wheat products fortified with 3 mg Fe (ferrous sulfate) and 0 (group Zn-0), 3 (group Zn-3), or 9 (group Zn-9) mg Zn (zinc sulfate) per 100 g flour.
    • Food effect · abstract:FAZ was measured on days 2-3 and 51-52; meal-specific AZs were calculated as the product of FAZ and zinc intake.
    • Food effect · abstract:RESULTS: For the breakfast and lunch meals combined, mean total zinc intakes were 2.14, 4.72, and 10.04 mg/d in groups Zn-0, Zn-3, and Zn-9, respectively, during the initial absorption studies; mean (+/-SD) FAZ values were 0.341 +/- 0.
100. HumanZinc absorption and kinetics during pregnancy and lactation in Brazilian women.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 2005 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 16002809DOI 10.1093/ajcn.82.1.118
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: We examined longitudinal changes in fractional zinc absorption (FZA) and zinc kinetics in 10 healthy Brazilian women who habitually consumed a marginal zinc diet ( approximately 9 mg Zn/d).
     • Key findings · abstract:FZA was inversely related to plasma zinc at EL (r = -0.73, P = 0.02) and LP (r = -0.72, P = 0.07).
     • Key findings · abstract:Plasma zinc mass was 23% greater at LP than at EP or EL (P < 0.05).
     • Key findings · abstract:The amount of zinc (mg/d) that fluxed between plasma and the most-rapidly-turning-over extravascular pool was 53% greater at LP than at EP or EL (P < 0.05).
     • Key findings · abstract:The zinc flux between plasma and the less-rapidly-turning-over zinc[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
101. HumanZinc absorption from low-phytate hybrids of maize and their wild-type isohybrids.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 2004 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 15159236DOI 10.1093/ajcn/79.6.1053
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Food effect · abstract:DESIGN: Six healthy adults were fed, as the only food for 2 d, maize tortillas prepared from 1 of 2 low-phytate mutants: lpa1-1 (lpa1-1-LP) or Nutridense Low Phytate (ND-LP), which have phytate reductions of approximately 60% and approximately 80%, respectively, compared with their respective wild-type isohybrids.
     • Food effect · abstract:Four additional subjects were fed tortillas prepared from the corresponding wild-type isohybrids (lpa1-1-WT and ND-WT) according to the same study design.
102. HumanBioavailability of iron and zinc from a multiple micronutrient-fortified beverage.
     J Pediatr, 2004 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 15238902DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.02.031
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Iron absorption was significantly lower with a meal than without (9.8 +/- 6.7% versus 11.6 +/- 6.9%, P=.04), but zinc absorption was not (24.5 +/- 10.7% versus 22.8 +/- 7.6%, P=.2).
     • Food effect · abstract:Over 2 consecutive days, subjects received stable isotope-labeled servings of the beverage with and without a meal as well as an intravenous dose of zinc.
     • Food effect · abstract:RESULTS: Iron absorption was significantly lower with a meal than without (9.8 +/- 6.7% versus 11.6 +/- 6.9%, P=.04), but zinc absorption was not (24.5 +/- 10.7% versus 22.8 +/- 7.6%, P=.2).
103. HumanEffect of a micronutrient fortificant mixture and 2 amounts of calcium on iron and zinc absorption from a processed food supplement.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 2004 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 14749230DOI 10.1093/ajcn/79.2.244
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Iron absorption and zinc absorption from the food products were evaluated simultaneously in 13 nonpregnant, adult women by extrinsically labeling the products with radioisotopes of iron and zinc and carrying out whole-body counting 7 d after the food products were consumed in random order.
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The absorption of iron from the NaFeEDTA-containing (novel) food product was 1.7 times that from the ferrous sulfate-containing (standard) product (P = 0.015).
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption was not associated with the form of zinc consumed, but higher dietary calcium was marginally associated with lower zinc[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
104. HumanCalcium, zinc, and iron bioavailabilities from a commercial human milk fortifier: a comparison study.
     J Dairy Sci, 2004 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 15483146DOI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73501-8
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:In this study, the bioavailabilities of calcium, zinc, and iron in S-26/SMA HMF added to HM were compared with those in HM fortified with various bovine milk proteins: alpha-lactalbumin, colostrum, caseinate, casein phosphopeptides, and whey protein concentrate.
     • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability of each mineral was assessed using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model.
     • Key findings · abstract:Results revealed that calcium uptake from HM + S-26/SMA was not different from any of the HM fortified with the bovine milk proteins, except for unfortified HM and HM + colostrum in which calcium uptake was significantly lower (-[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
105. HumanZinc supplementation reduces fractional zinc absorption in young and elderly korean women.
     J Am Coll Nutr, 2004 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
     PMID 15310734DOI 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719373
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:DESIGN: Zinc status and absorption were measured initially in 15 young (20-24 yr) and 15 elderly women (64-75 yr) confined to a metabolic unit and consuming a typical Korean diet.
     • Key findings · abstract:On d 20, the women returned to the unit for measurement of zinc status and absorption.
     • Key findings · abstract:The decline in young women was greater than that in elderly women (p < 0.05).
106. HumanZinc absorption as a function of the dose of zinc sulfate in aqueous solution.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 2004 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · n: 3 men · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 15585770DOI 10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1570
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Aqueous zinc sulfate labeled with 70Zn or 68Zn was orally administered in the postabsorptive state on days 1 and 6, respectively; intravenous 67Zn was administered 1 h after the first oral zinc dose.
     • Key findings · abstract:Two urine samples were collected daily from days 3 to 15; zinc isotopic ratios were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
     • Key findings · abstract:Parameter estimation by nonlinear regression predicted a maximum zinc absorption of 13 mg for larger doses.
     • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: Increases in aqueous zinc doses >20 mg result in relatively small and progressively diminishing increases in AZ postabsorptively[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
107. Human[A study on absorption and utilization of calcium, iron and zinc in mineral-fortified and dephytinized soy milk powder consumed by boys aged 12 to 14 years].
     Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2003 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 12760785
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Calcium in feces was measured with heat ionized mass spectrometry, and recovery of (58)Fe and (70)Zn in feces and content of dysprosium were measured with induction coupling iso-ionic mass spectrometry, and then absorption rates of iron and zinc were calculated and adjusted by the recovery rate of dysprosium.
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Iron absorption rate was (6.7 +/- 3.8)% in soy milk powder group, (15.5 +/- 9.2)% in the cow milk group and (20.6 +/- 7.3)% in dephytinized soy milk powder group, respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:Calcium absorption rate was (43.5 +/- 10.7)%, (64.2 +/- 11.4)%, and (50.9 +/- 6.6)% in the three gr[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
108. HumanIron supplements inhibit zinc but not copper absorption in vivo in ileostomy subjects.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 2003 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 14594790DOI 10.1093/ajcn/78.5.1018
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:BACKGROUND: Iron supplements may inhibit intestinal zinc and copper uptake because these elements may compete for binding to a transporter molecule (divalent metal transporter 1) that is located on the apical side of the small intestinal epithelium.
     • Key findings · abstract:Mean (+/- SEM) zinc absorption was significantly higher in the absence of iron than with the concomitant ingestion of 100 or 400 mg Fe (44 +/- 22% compared with 26 +/- 14% and 23 +/- 6%, respectively;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Key findings · abstract:P < 0.05), whereas zinc absorption did not differ significantly between the 100- and 400-mg Fe doses.
     • Key findings · abstract:Apparent copper absorption was 48 +/- 14%
109. HumanTransport kinetics of zinc, copper, selenium, and iron in perfused human placental lobule in vitro.
     Mol Cell Biochem, 2003 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 14577580DOI 10.1023/a:1025565720489
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
110. HumanCofortification of iron-fortified flour with zinc sulfate, but not zinc oxide, decreases iron absorption in Indonesian children.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 2002 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 12324295DOI 10.1093/ajcn/76.4.813
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: We measured iron and zinc bioavailability from wheat-flour dumplings containing 25 g flour fortified with 60 mg Fe/kg, either alone or with 60 mg Zn/kg as zinc oxide or as zinc sulfate.
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Iron absorption from the flour fortified with iron only was good (15.9 +/- 6.8%), but when corrections were made for hemoglobin concentrations, it was significantly lower from the flour cofortified with zinc sulfate (11.5 +/- 4.9%;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption was not significantly different between the zinc oxide and zinc sulfate cofortified flours (24.1 +/- 8.2% compared with 23.7 +/- 11.2%;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
111. HumanCalcium and zinc absorption from lactose-containing and lactose-free infant formulas.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 2002 · Design: randomized; crossover; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 12145020DOI 10.1093/ajcn/76.2.442
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Isotope absorption studies were conducted with a 4-tracer method in which (70)Zn and (44)Ca were provided orally and (67)Zn and (46)Ca intravenously.
     • Key findings · abstract:For total calcium absorption, the mean difference between formulas was 10.3% (P = 0.002) and 60 mg/d (P = 0.006).
     • Key findings · abstract:For zinc, fractional absorption (32 +/- 11%), total absorption, and intake did not differ significantly between the 2 formulas.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:For zinc, fractional absorption (32 +/- 11%), total absorption, and intake did not differ significantly between the 2 formulas.
     • Food effect · abstract:DESIGN: Eighteen full-term infants (aged 8-12 wk at enrollment) were fed 2 partially hydrolyzed whey-protein-based formulas ad libitum for 2 wk per formula.
112. HumanZinc absorption from a low-phytic acid maize.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 2002 · Design: crossover; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 12197999DOI 10.1093/ajcn/76.3.556
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The corresponding fractional absorptions of zinc were 0.30 +/- 0.13 and 0.17 +/- 0.11, respectively (P < 0.005).
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The corresponding fractional absorptions of zinc were 0.30 +/- 0.13 and 0.17 +/- 0.11, respectively (P < 0.005).
     • Food effect · abstract:All meals on 1 d consisted of polenta prepared from a low-phytic acid maize homozygous for the recessive low phytic acid 1-1 (lpa1-1).
113. HumanA single 60-mg iron dose decreases zinc absorption in lactating women.
     J Nutr, 2002 · Design: crossover; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 12097667DOI 10.1093/jn/132.7.1903
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:This study determined whether a single 60-mg dose of ferrous sulfate interferes with fractional zinc absorption (FZA) at 7-9 wk of lactation.
     • Key findings · abstract:Hemoglobin, plasma ferritin and transferrin receptor, and plasma 5'-nucleotidase, plasma zinc and erythrocyte zinc did not differ before the two measurements of zinc absorption.
     • Food effect · abstract:A 0.7-micromol intravenous (IV) infusion of (70)Zn as ZnCl(2) in saline was followed by a 0.03-mmol oral dose of (67)Zn as ZnCl(2) given with a standardized meal.
114. HumanZinc absorption and exchangeable zinc pool sizes in breast-fed infants fed meat or cereal as first complementary food.
     J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2002 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · n: n = 9 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 11753162DOI 10.1097/00005176-200201000-00009
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to compare the absorption efficiency of zinc from rice cereal and meat, with and without human milk, in 7-month-old breast-fed infants and to compare the size of exchangeable zinc pools in the infants according to the assigned complementary food.
     • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: Fractional absorption of zinc was measured in male infants using extrinsic labeling with a stable isotope of zinc in a test meal of either pureed beef (n = 9) or iron-fortified infant rice cereal (n = 9).
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Fractional absorption of zinc did not statistically differ between the beef (0.41 +/-[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The higher intake of zinc from the beef versus cereal test meal resulted in a 16-fold greater amount of absorbed zinc ( P = 0.0002).
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:METHODS: Fractional absorption of zinc was measured in male infants using extrinsic labeling with a stable isotope of zinc in a test meal of either pureed beef (n = 9) or iron-fortified infant rice cereal (n = 9).
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:RESULTS: Fractional absorption of zinc did not statistically differ between the beef (0.41 +/- 0.11) and cereal (0.36 +/- 0.05) test meals, although the trend showed that beef had higher fractional absorption than cereal.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The higher intake of zinc from the beef versus cereal test meal resulted in a 16-fold greater amount of absorbed zinc ( P = 0.0002).
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The addition of human mil
     • Food effect · abstract:BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to compare the absorption efficiency of zinc from rice cereal and meat, with and without human milk, in 7-month-old breast-fed infants and to compare the size of exchangeable zinc pools in the infants according to the assigned complementary food.
     • Food effect · abstract:METHODS: Fractional absorption of zinc was measured in male infants using extrinsic labeling with a stable isotope of zinc in a test meal of either pureed beef (n = 9) or iron-fortified infant rice cereal (n = 9).
     • Food effect · abstract:RESULTS: Fractional absorption of zinc did not statistically differ between the beef (0.41 +/-
115. HumanSemi-automated enzymatic measurement of serum zinc concentration.
     Clin Biochem, 2002 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 11937077DOI 10.1016/s0009-9120(02)00270-9
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:P-nitrophenyl acetate was used as the substrate and the change of absorbance of p-nitrophenol which was produced was followed at 400 nm.
     • Key findings · abstract:There was excellent agreement with the results obtained using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) (y = 0.98X + 0.18, r = 0.99).
116. HumanFractional zinc absorption using a single isotope tracer.
     Eur J Clin Nutr, 2001 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 11781677DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601273
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:There was no difference in the mean fractional absorption of Zn calculated using the single compared to the dual isotope method: 12.58% (95% CI 2.22, 22.94) vs 12.68% (95% CI 4.52, 20.85), respectively (P=0.89).
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:There was no difference in the mean fractional absorption of Zn calculated using the single compared to the dual isotope method: 12.58% (95% CI 2.22, 22.94) vs 12.68% (95% CI 4.52, 20.85), respectively (P=0.89).
117. HumanCalcium, iron, and zinc uptake from digests of infant formulas by Caco-2 cells.
     J Agric Food Chem, 2001 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 11453795DOI 10.1021/jf010106t
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Our aim was to estimate the bioavailability of calcium, iron, and zinc from infant formulas using a model that includes in vitro digestion and a Caco-2 cell culture to estimate the uptake.
118. HumanPrenatal iron supplements impair zinc absorption in pregnant Peruvian women.
     J Nutr, 2000 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · n: 47 women · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 10958820DOI 10.1093/jn/130.9.2251
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:To examine the impact of prenatal iron supplements on supplemental zinc absorption, fractional zinc absorption was measured in 47 pregnant Peruvian women during the third trimester of pregnancy (33 +/- 1 wk gestation).
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc concentrations were measured in plasma, urine and cord blood and percentage zinc absorption was determined following dosing with oral ((67)Zn) and intravenous ((70)Zn) stable zinc isotopes.
     • Key findings · abstract:Percentage zinc absorption was significantly lower than controls in fasting women receiving iron- containing prenatal supplements (20.5 +/- 6.4 vs. 20.2 +/- 4.6 vs. 47.0 +/- 12.6%, F[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Percentage zinc absorption was significantly lower than controls in fasting women receiving iron- containing prenatal supplements (20.5 +/- 6.4 vs. 20.2 +/- 4.6 vs. 47.0 +/- 12.6%, Fe, Fe + Zn and C groups, respectively, P: < 0.0001, n = 40).
119. HumanThe bioequivalence study of folifer-Z: a new formulation of sustained-release iron and zinc.
     Int J Pharm, 1999 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 10205637DOI 10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00368-8
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The pharmacokinetic parameters of Folifer-Z were Cmax (103 +/- 46.2 micrograms/dl), Tmax (5.93 +/- 2.94 h) and AUC0-24 h (1937 +/- 706 micrograms/dl per h), whereas the corresponding Fefol-Z values were Cmax (109 +/- 41.5 micrograms/dl), Tmax (6.64 +/- 2.54) and AUC0-24 h (1865 +/- 699 micrograms/h per dl).
     • Key findings · abstract:Analysis of variance on log-transformed data for Cmax and AUC0-24 h revealed lack of significant differences among the two formulations.
     • Key findings · abstract:The mean relative bioavailability of AUCtest/AUCreference was 1.07 (90% confidence interval range: 99-115%) and for Cmax test/Cmax reference was 0.96[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Cmax · abstract:The pharmacokinetic parameters of Folifer-Z were Cmax (103 +/- 46.2 micrograms/dl), Tmax (5.93 +/- 2.94 h) and AUC0-24 h (1937 +/- 706 micrograms/dl per h), whereas the corresponding Fefol-Z values were Cmax (109 +/- 41.5 micrograms/dl), Tmax (6.64 +/- 2.54) and AUC0-24 h (1865 +/- 699 micrograms/h per dl).
     • Cmax · abstract:Analysis of variance on log-transformed data for Cmax and AUC0-24 h revealed lack of significant differences among the two formulations.
     • Cmax · abstract:The mean relative bioavailability of AUCtest/AUCreference was 1.07 (90% confidence interval range: 99-115%) and for Cmax test/Cmax reference was 0.96
     • Tmax · abstract:The pharmacokinetic parameters of Folifer-Z were Cmax (103 +/- 46.2 micrograms/dl), Tmax (5.93 +/- 2.94 h) and AUC0-24 h (1937 +/- 706 micrograms/dl per h), whereas the corresponding Fefol-Z values were Cmax (109 +/- 41.5 micrograms/dl), Tmax (6.64 +/- 2.54) and AUC0-24 h (1865 +/- 699 micrograms/h per dl).
     • Tmax · abstract:Regarding the zinc results, the pharmacokinetic parameters of Folifer-Z values were Cmax (101 +/- 20.7 micrograms/dl), Tmax (4.86 +/- 1.53 h) and AUC0-24 h (1944 +/- 202 micrograms/h per dl), while the corresponding Fefol-Z values were Cmax (102 +/- 20.7), Tmax (4.93 +/- 1.51) and AUC0-24
     • AUC · abstract:The pharmacokinetic parameters of Folifer-Z were Cmax (103 +/- 46.2 micrograms/dl), Tmax (5.93 +/- 2.94 h) and AUC0-24 h (1937 +/- 706 micrograms/dl per h), whereas the corresponding Fefol-Z values were Cmax (109 +/- 41.5 micrograms/dl), Tmax (6.64 +/- 2.54) and AUC0-24 h (1865 +/- 699 micrograms/h per dl).
     • AUC · abstract:Analysis of variance on log-transformed data for Cmax and AUC0-24 h revealed lack of significant differences among the two formulations.
     • AUC · abstract:The mean relative bioavailability of AUCtest/AUCreference was 1.07 (90% confidence interval range: 99-115%) and for Cmax test/Cmax reference was 0.96
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The mean relative bioavailability of AUCtest/AUCreference was 1.07 (90% confidence interval range: 99-115%) and for Cmax test/Cmax reference was 0.96 (90% confidence interval range: 88-105%).
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The mean relative bioavailability of AUCtest/AUCreference was 0.98 (90% confidence interval range; 95-101%) and for Cmax test/Cmax reference was 0.92 (90% confidence interval range: 89-96%).
120. HumanZinc absorption, distribution, excretion, and retention by healthy preterm infants.
     Pediatr Res, 1999 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 10022589DOI 10.1203/00006450-199902000-00006
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:A stable Zn isotope (70Zn) was administered orally or i.v., and plasma, red blood cells, urine, and feces were sampled for up to 30 d.
     • Key findings · abstract:Absorption was 36+/-5% or 7+/-1 micromol/kg per d; distribution in plasma was 15+/-1 micromol Zn/L and in RBC was 41+/-4 micromol Zn/L; excretion in urine was 0.55+/-0.03 micromol Zn/kg per d and in feces was 17+/-3 micromol Zn/kg per d and retention was 5+/-1 microl/kg per d.
     • Key findings · abstract:Results show that healthy preterm infants with Zn intake of 23 micromol/kg per d and expected growth rates (> 15 g/kg per d) absorb and retain Zn at rates comparable to in utero accre[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
121. HumanEffect of pancreatic enzymes on zinc absorption in cystic fibrosis.
     J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 1998 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 9481626DOI 10.1097/00005176-199802000-00003
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:All fecal samples were collected quantitatively for 10 days after label administration and were analyzed individually for total zinc and isotopic enrichment using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Fractional absorption while receiving enzymes was 0.50 +/- 0.29 versus 0.38 +/- 0.24 while not taking enzymes (p = 0.05).
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:RESULTS: Fractional absorption while receiving enzymes was 0.50 +/- 0.29 versus 0.38 +/- 0.24 while not taking enzymes (p = 0.05).
     • Food effect · abstract:Stable isotope labels, 70Zn and 67Zn, were administered orally in divided doses on consecutive days with meals.
     • Food effect · abstract:Meals were identical on the first 2 study days.
122. HumanAbsorption of calcium, zinc, and iron from breast milk by five- to seven-month-old infants.
     Pediatr Res, 1997 · Design: stable-isotope · n: n = 10 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 9078540DOI 10.1203/00006450-199703000-00014
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We measured the absorption of Ca, Zn, and Fe in 14 healthy, nonanemic 5-7-mo-old breast-fed infants whose mothers milk was extrinsically labeled with stable isotopes (44Ca, 70Zn, and 58Fe) of these minerals.
     • Key findings · abstract:Ca and Zn absorption was calculated using the urinary excretion of the isotopes during the 24 h after dosing (Ca) or their urinary ratio 72 h after dosing (Zn).
     • Key findings · abstract:Fe absorption was calculated using the red blood cell incorporation at 14 d.
     • Key findings · abstract:Fe absorption averaged 20.7 +/- 14.8% from the 58Fe given with human milk (geometric mean, 14.8%) and 17.7 +/- 15.1% (geometric mean, 11.0%) from th[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:At the intake levels in this study, total daily Fe, Ca, and Zn intakes from beikost were not significantly correlated to their fractional absorption from breast milk, but Fe intake from beikost was significantly negatively correlated to absorption of Fe from the non-meal dose (r = -0.61, p = 0.021).
     • Food effect · abstract:We measured the absorption of Ca, Zn, and Fe in 14 healthy, nonanemic 5-7-mo-old breast-fed infants whose mothers milk was extrinsically labeled with stable isotopes (44Ca, 70Zn, and 58Fe) of these minerals.
     • Food effect · abstract:In addition, Ca and Zn stable isotopes (46Ca and 67Zn) were administered i.v., and a second isotope of Fe (57Fe) was given orally without food as a non-meal dose.
     • Food effect · abstract:Fe absorption averaged 20.7 +/- 14.8% from the 58Fe given with human milk (geometric mean, 14.8%) and 17.7 +/- 15.1% (geometric mean, 11.0%) from the 57Fe non-meal dose.
     • Food effect · abstract:Absorption of Fe (natural logarithm) from the non-mea
123. HumanZinc absorption in women during pregnancy and lactation: a longitudinal study.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1997 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 9209173DOI 10.1093/ajcn/66.1.80
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:FZA measured from urinary enrichments of two stable isotopes of zinc increased from 14% preconception to 25% during lactation (P = 0.023) but the increase to 19% at 34-36 wk gestation was not significant.
     • Key findings · abstract:FZA was negatively correlated with plasma zinc concentration at 34-36 wk gestation and with urinary zinc excretion at all time points.
124. HumanHigh dietary calcium intakes reduce zinc absorption and balance in humans.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1997 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 9174476DOI 10.1093/ajcn/65.6.1803
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We investigated the effects of calcium supplementation on zinc absorption and balance in 18 relatively healthy, postmenopausal women aged 59-86 y.
     • Key findings · abstract:Net zinc absorption and zinc balance were significantly reduced by approximately 2 mg/d during both high-calcium treatments.
     • Key findings · abstract:In a second study, conducted in a separate group of men and women aged 21-69 y, a whole-gut lavage, zinc-absorption test was used to investigate the acute effect of a 15-mmol CaCO3 (600 mg Ca) supplement, with and without extra zinc, on zinc absorption from a single test meal supplying 111.7 mumol (7.3 mg) Zn.
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absor[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:In a second study, conducted in a separate group of men and women aged 21-69 y, a whole-gut lavage, zinc-absorption test was used to investigate the acute effect of a 15-mmol CaCO3 (600 mg Ca) supplement, with and without extra zinc, on zinc absorption from a single test meal supplying 111.7 mumol (7.3 mg) Zn.
     • Food effect · abstract:Zinc absorption was reduced significantly by 50% when the calcium supplement was given with the meal.
125. HumanEffect of soluble or partly soluble dietary fibres supplementation on absorption and balance of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in healthy young men.
     Eur J Clin Nutr, 1997 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 9192195DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600417
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:During the 20 d adaptation period to fibre ingestion, experimental fibres were incorporated into bread (60%) and liquid foods (40%) up to a maximum of 40 g/d.
     • Key findings · abstract:Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn were measured in diets and in a 8 d urine and faecal composites to assess mineral absorption and balance.
     • Key findings · abstract:The apparent absorption of minerals from the control diet was (%) Ca: 21.3 +/- 12.5;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The apparent absorption of minerals from the control diet was (%) Ca: 21.3 +/- 12.5;
126. HumanIn vitro study of percutaneous absorption, cutaneous bioavailability and bioequivalence of zinc and copper from five topical formulations.
     Skin Pharmacol, 1996 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 8896117DOI 10.1159/000211423
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Percutaneous absorption and cutaneous bioavailability of zinc and copper from zinc 2-pyrrolidone 5-carboxylate (ZnPC), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), copper 2-pyrrolidone 5-carboxylate (CuPC) and copper sulfate (CuSO4) were compared using 5 formulations (3 emulsions and 2 ointments) that were applied topically on human skin in vitro.
     • Key findings · abstract:After application for 72 h, percutaneous absorption of zinc from ointments containing ZnO and ZnSO4 was found to be lower than that from a ZnPC-containing emulsion (0.36 and 0.34 versus 1.60% of applied dose).
127. HumanUse of zinc tolerance test and 24-hour urinary zinc content to assess oral zinc absorption.
     J Am Coll Nutr, 1996 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 8632120DOI 10.1080/07315724.1996.10718568
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVES: The sensitivity of one plasma and two urinary methods to assess zinc absorption after oral dosing were compared over the dose range of 10 to 100 mg.
     • Key findings · abstract:Plasma zinc concentrations were measured at baseline (pre-zinc administration) and hourly intervals post-zinc administration for 9 hours.
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The area under the plasma zinc concentration versus time curve (PZAUC) increased linearly with doses between 10 and 50 mg, then flattened out.
     • Key findings · abstract:By contrast, urinary zinc excretion was approximately linear with doses in the 25 to 100 mg range, but no differences were observed in urinary[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • AUC · abstract:RESULTS: The area under the plasma zinc concentration versus time curve (PZAUC) increased linearly with doses between 10 and 50 mg, then flattened out.
128. HumanZinc absorption and intestinal losses of endogenous zinc in young Chinese women with marginal zinc intakes.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1996 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 8602591DOI 10.1093/ajcn/63.3.348
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Subsequently, all feces were collected quantitatively until the second visible marker had been excreted and 12-h urine samples were collected on days 3-9.
     • Key findings · abstract:Fractional absorption was determined by measuring cumulative fecal excretion of nonabsorbed 67Zn and endogenous fecal zinc by isotope-dilution technique (70Zn).
     • Key findings · abstract:Fractional absorption values for L and M groups, respectively, were 0.31 +/- 0.03 and 0.34 +/- 0.03 (P=0.45).
     • Key findings · abstract:Both the estimated total size of the pools of zinc that exchange with zinc in plasma within 2 d (r=0.762, P<0.001) and the excretion of endogenous zinc in the feces (r=[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Fractional absorption was determined by measuring cumulative fecal excretion of nonabsorbed 67Zn and endogenous fecal zinc by isotope-dilution technique (70Zn).
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Fractional absorption values for L and M groups, respectively, were 0.31 +/- 0.03 and 0.34 +/- 0.03 (P=0.45).
     • Food effect · abstract:The phytate-zinc molar ratio in the diet of both groups was approximately 10:1. 70Zn was administered intravenously before breakfast and 67Zn orally with three main meals in 1 d.
129. HumanZinc absorption in infants fed iron-fortified weaning food.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1995 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 7572710DOI 10.1093/ajcn/62.4.785
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The effect of fortification iron (reduced iron) on zinc absorption from a commercial vegetable-based weaning food was assessed in 11 9-mo-old infants.
     • Key findings · abstract:A complete fecal collection was carried out for 3-4 d, and the amount of unabsorbed isotope measured by thermal-ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry.
     • Key findings · abstract:Apparent zinc absorption (isotope intake minus fecal excretion, expressed as the % of dose administered) was 31.1 +/- 8.3% (x +/- SD) from the iron-fortified food and 28.6%28.6 +/- 10.5% from the unfortified food.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:A complete fecal collection was carried out for 3-4 d, and the amount of unabsorbed isotope measured by thermal-ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry.
     • Food effect · abstract:Each infant was fed a test meal of unfortified or iron-fortified product, labeled extrinsically with 1 mg 67Zn or 70Zn (as citrate), and the next day was fed the second product labeled with the other isotope.
130. HumanZinc absorption in adult humans: the effect of iron fortification.
     Br J Nutr, 1995 · Design: randomized · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 7547854DOI 10.1079/bjn19950145PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:The effect of Fe fortification on the absorption of Zn was studied by radioisotopic labelling of single meals, followed by measurements of whole-body retention of 65Zn at 14 d after intake.
     • Key findings · abstract:Fractional Zn-absorption values from Fe-fortified v. non-fortified meals were 31.1 (SD 11.9) v. 30.7 (SD 7.0)% (weaning cereal; 200 mg Fe/kg), 37.7 (SD 16.6) v. 30.2 (SD 9.9)% (weaning cereal; 500 mg Fe/kg), 36.5 (SD 14.4) v. 38.2 (SD 18.1)% (bread; 65 mg Fe/kg flour) and 41.6 (SD 8.1) v. 38.9 (SD 14.5)% (infant formula; 12 mg Fe/l).
     • Food effect · abstract:The effect of Fe fortification on the absorption of Zn was studied by radioisotopic labelling of single meals, followed by measurements of whole-body retention of 65Zn at 14 d after intake.
     • Food effect · abstract:Fractional Zn-absorption values from Fe-fortified v. non-fortified meals were 31.1 (SD 11.9) v. 30.7 (SD 7.0)% (weaning cereal; 200 mg Fe/kg), 37.7 (SD 16.6) v. 30.2 (SD 9.9)% (weaning cereal; 500 mg Fe/kg), 36.5 (SD 14.4) v. 38.2 (SD 18.1)% (bread; 65 mg Fe/kg flour) and 41.6 (SD 8.1) v. 38.9 (SD 14.5)% (infant formula; 12 mg Fe/l).
     • Fractional absorption · full text, p.4:.1 (SD 11.9) v. 30.7 (SD 7.0)% when no Fe was added. The same weaning cereal studied at a higher Fe-fortification level (500 mg Fe/kg) resulted in Zn absorption of 37.7 (SD 166) v. 30.2 (SD9.9) % when no Fe was added. Wheat bread fortified at 65 mg Fe/kg flour resulted in Zn absorption of 36.5 (SD 14.4) v. 38.2 (SD 18.1)% for non-
     • Fractional absorption · full text, p.5:.6 9.9 Fe-fortified bread. The Zn absorption from infant formula was also unaffected by the level of Fe-fortification; 41.6 (SD 8.1) v. 38.9 (SD 14.5)% was absorbed from formula containing 12 mg Fe/l compared with when no Fe was added. The fractional Zn-absorption values for each subject are given in Tables 3-6. The mean effective dose equivalent was calculated to be 0.57 mSv (range 0.25-0.97 mSv)
     • Food effect · full text, p.8:ng any influence. For example, no significant effect on the level of Zn in serum in infants could be related to the Fe-content of the infant formulas fed in the study by Bradley et af. (1993), and in a study of low-birthweight infants by Salvioli et al. (1986) the addition Fe given as medicinal Fe, together with Fe-fortified formula, did not influence plasma Zn levels. Furthermore, no effect on se
     • Form comparison · full text, p.1:ntical test meals containing no added Fe. No statistically significant differences were found when Zn absorption from the Fe-fortified test meals was compared with that from non-Fe-fortified test meals. Fractional Zn-absorption values from Fe-fortified v. non-fortified meals were 31.1 (SD 11.9) v. 30.7 (SD 7*0)%(weaning cereal; 200 mg Fe/kg), 37.7 (SD 16.6) v. 30.2 (SD 9.9)% (weaning cereal; 500 m
     • Form comparison · full text, p.5:infant formula was also unaffected by the level of Fe-fortification; 41.6 (SD 8.1) v. 38.9 (SD 14.5)% was absorbed from formula containing 12 mg Fe/l compared with when no Fe was added. The fractional Zn-absorption values for each subject are given in Tables 3-6. The mean effective dose equivalent was calculated to be 0.57 mSv (range 0.25-0.97 mSv) per subject. DISCUSSION Mild Zn deficiency has be
     • Form comparison · full text, p.7:must still be regarded as a point source, surrounded by the body. The systematic error introduced by measuring the point source before administration compared with measurements after ingestion has been estimated to be a maximum of 10 % (A. Cederblad, personal communication, 1994). The error is relatively small due to the characteristics of the whole-body counter used in our studies. Large detector
131. HumanEffect of intragastric pH on the absorption of oral zinc acetate and zinc oxide in young healthy volunteers.
     JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 1995 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: 10 healthy subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
     PMID 8577018DOI 10.1177/0148607195019005393
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The objectives of this 2-way 4-phase crossover study were to evaluate the effect of high (> or = 5) and low (< or = 3) intragastric pH on the absorption of zinc from the acetate and oxide salt in young healthy volunteers.
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The mean plasma zinc area under the curve for zinc acetate at low pH (AL), zinc acetate at high pH (AH), zinc oxide at low pH (OL), and zinc oxide at high pH (OH) were 524, 378, 364, and 66 micrograms x h/dL, respectively.
     • AUC · abstract:RESULTS: The mean plasma zinc area under the curve for zinc acetate at low pH (AL), zinc acetate at high pH (AH), zinc oxide at low pH (OL), and zinc oxide at high pH (OH) were 524, 378, 364, and 66 micrograms x h/dL, respectively.
132. HumanAbsorption of zinc from lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)-based foods.
     Br J Nutr, 1994 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 7827007DOI 10.1079/bjn19940091PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:The absorption of Zn from a lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) milk fortified with Ca, a bread containing lupin flour (230 g/kg), a sauce containing lupin flour and a sauce containing a lupin-protein isolate was determined in humans by measuring the whole-body retention of radioisotope from meals labelled with 0.02 MBq 65Zn, allowing for endogenous excretion of Zn, after 14 d.
     • Key findings · abstract:The absorption of Zn from the Ca-enriched milk (16.2%) and the bread made with lupin flour (27.0%) was similar to literature figures for comparable soya-bean products.
     • Key findings · abstract:The absorption from composite meals made with lupin f[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:The absorption of Zn from a lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) milk fortified with Ca, a bread containing lupin flour (230 g/kg), a sauce containing lupin flour and a sauce containing a lupin-protein isolate was determined in humans by measuring the whole-body retention of radioisotope from meals labelled with 0.02 MBq 65Zn, allowing for endogenous excretion of Zn, after 14 d.
     • Food effect · abstract:The absorption from composite meals made with lupin flour (28.2%) and protein isolate (32.7%) was significantly higher than that reported for comparable soya-bean products.
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.3://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19940091 Published online by Cambridge University Press Z I N C A B S O R P T I O N FROM L U P I N FOODS 867 'flour' was diluted 12-fold with water and the slurry passed through a laboratory-scale Fryma carborundum stone colloid mill (Fryma-Maschinen AG, Reinfelden, Switzerland). Sucrose (29 g/l) and CaCl, (2 g/l) were blended into the suspension and the pH adjusted to 6.0 by
     • Fractional absorption · full text, p.3:ted by adding Ca (26-5%). Similarly the absorption of Zn from the soya-bean-milk base, 17-6%, was not affected by adding Ca (15.1 YO). DISCUSSION The fractional absorption of Zn from lupin flour and isolate 'sauces' was higher than from comparable soya-bean products, even though the phytate: Zn molar ratios were similar. A phytate :Zn ratio higher than 10 would be expected to reduce absorption to
     • Fractional absorption · full text, p.5:Ca intake that can be found in human diets the phytate-Zn-Ca interaction does not seem to be of nutritional significance. The observed differences in fractional absorption of Zn from the lupin milk (16.2 YO)and the milk base (26-3%) cannot be explained in terms of phytate :Zn ratios as the fractional absorption was higher than could be expected from the rather small differences in ratio (10.6 v. 7
     • Food effect · full text, p.3:gustifolius cv. Gungurru, was soaked in five volumes of NaHCO, (5 g/l) and glucono-b-lactone (10 g/l) for 1 h and drained. The soaked beans were then fed into a Fryma perforated disk mill, 4 mm holes, with 3.5 volumes water and about 1 volume NaOH (5 g/l) to maintain pH (approximately 8.5). The slurry then passed through a Fryma colloid mill, a heat treatment (90-92" for 200 s), followed by rapid
     • Form comparison · full text, p.1:han that reported for comparable soya-bean products. In a second experiment the absorption of Zn from a lupin-milk base and a soya-bean-milk base was compared with that from Ca-supplemented bases. The absorption of Zn from the lupin-milk base (26.3%) was significantly higher than from the soya-bean-milk base (17.6%), and neither was significantly altered by the addition of Ca. Overall the absorpti
     • Form comparison · full text, p.6:ity or mineral and phytate binding properties might have resulted from these procedures. A lower small- intestinal digestibility of soya-bean protein compared with animal protein has been observed in studies of human ileostomized subjects (Sandstrom et al. 1986). The binding of phytic acid to glycinin, the major protein of soya beans, is highly pH-dependent (Okubo et al. 1976) and it is reasonable
133. HumanThe effect of calcium carbonate and calcium citrate on the absorption of zinc in healthy female subjects.
     Eur J Clin Nutr, 1994 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 8194505
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The area under the plasma zinc curve (AUC) (mean +/- SEM) following the coingestion of zinc with calcium carbonate (438.4 +/- 129.0 mumol Zn.min/100 g albumin) and calcium citrate (308.0 +/- 110.5) was significantly lower (P < 0.017) than when zinc was ingested alone (1561.7 +/- 240).
     • Key findings · abstract:Urinary excretion of calcium was significantly higher (P < 0.017) at 4 h after supplementation with calcium citrate (0.83 +/- 0.12 mumol Ca/mumol creatinine) compared with calcium carbonate (0.40 +/- 0.11).
     • AUC · abstract:RESULTS: The area under the plasma zinc curve (AUC) (mean +/- SEM) following the coingestion of zinc with calcium carbonate (438.4 +/- 129.0 mumol Zn.min/100 g albumin) and calcium citrate (308.0 +/- 110.5) was significantly lower (P < 0.017) than when zinc was ingested alone (1561.7 +/- 240).
134. HumanZinc bioavailability and tea consumption. Studies in healthy humans consuming self-selected and laboratory-controlled diets.
     Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 1994 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 7855098DOI 10.1007/BF01088999
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
135. Human[Some factors influencing the bioavailability of zinc in oral pharmaceutical dosage forms].
     J Pharm Belg, 1993 · Design: not stated · n: 10 subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 8483101
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Absorption and distribution of zinc in 6 dosage forms were determined in 10 subjects by performing a pharmacokinetic study of the serum zinc profile after oral administration of a dose corresponding to 45 mg elemental zinc.
     • Key findings · abstract:Finally, the division in 3 parts of the dose of zinc sulfate given in gelatin capsules very significantly improves zinc absorption.
136. HumanZinc absorption in healthy elderly humans and the effect of diet.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1993 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
     PMID 8237876DOI 10.1093/ajcn/58.5.690
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Absorption of a zinc stable isotope was measured on two consecutive occasions in nine young and eight elderly healthy men aged 24-40 and 70-83 y, respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:A zinc stable-isotope label (0.8 mg 70Zn) was added to a test meal of either high or low zinc bioavailability, depending mainly on phytic acid content.
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption from the high-bioavailability test meal was not significantly different (P > 0.05) in the young (38.9 +/- 9.8%, mean +/- SD) and elderly (35.0 +/- 10.9%) subjects.
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption from the low-bioavailability test meal was 40% and 43% lower, at 23.4 +/- 10.2% and 19[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:A zinc stable-isotope label (0.8 mg 70Zn) was added to a test meal of either high or low zinc bioavailability, depending mainly on phytic acid content.
     • Food effect · abstract:Zinc absorption from the high-bioavailability test meal was not significantly different (P > 0.05) in the young (38.9 +/- 9.8%, mean +/- SD) and elderly (35.0 +/- 10.9%) subjects.
     • Food effect · abstract:Zinc absorption from the low-bioavailability test meal was 40% and 43% lower, at 23.4 +/- 10.2% and 19.8 +/- 6.1% in these young and elderly men, respectively.
137. HumanStudies of human zinc kinetics using the stable isotope 70Zn.
     Clin Sci (Lond), 1993 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 8382129DOI 10.1042/cs0840113
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The 70Zn enrichment of plasma was found closely to obey two-compartment kinetics and the derived two-component decay equation has been used to calculate the size and turnover of the initial two rapidly exchanging pools of body Zn. 3.
     • Key findings · abstract:The fractional turnover rate of pool b was found to be fivefold slower than that of pool a. 4.
138. HumanAbsorption and metabolism of oral zinc gluconate in humans in fasting state, during, and after a meal.
     Biol Trace Elem Res, 1992 · Design: not stated · n: 10 subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 1375057DOI 10.1007/BF02784604
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The absorption and metabolism of zinc in a commercial form for oral use (Rubozinc, 15 mg zinc as gluconate) were investigated in 10 subjects by a kinetic study of the serum zinc profile after administration of 45 mg zinc under three conditions: after an overnight fast, during a standardized breakfast, and 2 h after this meal.
     • Key findings · abstract:In fasting state, the parameters were comparable to those previously collected in the same subjects with oral 45 mg zinc as sulfate, except with very significantly higher Cmax and area under curve (AUC), showing a better bioavailability for zinc in the commercial form.
     • Cmax · abstract:In fasting state, the parameters were comparable to those previously collected in the same subjects with oral 45 mg zinc as sulfate, except with very significantly higher Cmax and area under curve (AUC), showing a better bioavailability for zinc in the commercial form.
     • Cmax · abstract:The Cmax only moderately decreased during the meal (31%) as did the AUC (-28%).
     • Tmax · abstract:The light meal perturbed the absorption process as evidenced by the significant increases in the lag time (+180%), the tmax (+57%), and the lag times for the first two cycles during the meal.
     • AUC · abstract:In fasting state, the parameters were comparable to those previously collected in the same subjects with oral 45 mg zinc as sulfate, except with very significantly higher Cmax and area under curve (AUC), showing a better bioavailability for zinc in the commercial form.
     • AUC · abstract:The Cmax only moderately decreased during the meal (31%) as did the AUC (-28%).
     • Food effect · abstract:The absorption and metabolism of zinc in a commercial form for oral use (Rubozinc, 15 mg zinc as gluconate) were investigated in 10 subjects by a kinetic study of the serum zinc profile after administration of 45 mg zinc under three conditions: after an overnight fast, during a standardized breakfast, and 2 h after this meal.
     • Food effect · abstract:In fasting state, the parameters were comparable to those previously collected in the same subjects with oral 45 mg zinc as sulfate, except with very significantly higher Cmax and area under curve (AUC), showing a better bioavailability for zinc in the commercial form.
139. HumanBioavailability of energy, nitrogen, fat, zinc, iron and calcium from rural and urban Mexican diets.
     Br J Nutr, 1992 · Design: randomized · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 1390616DOI 10.1079/bjn19920065PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:The Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (World Health Organization, 1985) recommended factors for correction of digestibility of fibre intake overestimate energy and protein absorption from RMD.
     • Key findings · abstract:The diets provided similar amounts of zinc, and its apparent absorption from RMD was 0.5 mg/d (4.6%) and its balance was 0.1 mg/d.
     • Key findings · abstract:Iron intake was higher from RMD (17.4 v. 11.6 mg/d;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Key findings · abstract:P < 0.01), but apparent absorption was 17 v. 35% and balance was 2.7 and 3.8 mg/d (P < 0.001) for RMD and UMD respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:RMD also contained more calcium (745 v.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The diets provided similar amounts of zinc, and its apparent absorption from RMD was 0.5 mg/d (4.6%) and its balance was 0.1 mg/d.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:P < 0.01), but apparent absorption was 17 v. 35% and balance was 2.7 and 3.8 mg/d (P < 0.001) for RMD and UMD respectively.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:RMD also contained more calcium (745 v. 410 mg/d) but apparent absorption from RMD was negative (-136 v. 15 mg/d) and balance was more negative (-197 v. -77 mg/d;
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.6:/d higher when R M D was fed. An increase in faecal water was responsible for 78% of this difference, and there was a highly significant ( P < 0.001) 2.8-fold increase in faecal dry matter. The higher faecal weight was associated with a significantly increased daily number of defaeca tio ns. PEG recovery was 79 (SE 2)% with R M D and 65 (SE 6)% with UMD. In the eight subjects for whom the balance
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.9:ch (1 978) found an 8 9 % apparent absorption of energy from a ‘Guatemalan’ diet compared with 97% from an egg-formula diet. Faecal fat excretion was 2.3 times greater with RMD, explaining only a small proportion of the higher faecal energy. A lower apparent digestibility of fat has also been observed by other investigators using different sources of dietary fibre (Southgate & Durnin, 1970; Callow
     • Fractional absorption · full text, p.1:compared with values for UMD of 1.6 mg/d (16%) and 1.2 mg/d respectively. Iron intake was higher from RMD (17.4 v. 116 mg/d; P < 0.01), but apparent absorption was 17 v. 35% and balance was 2.7 and 3.8 mg/d (P< 0.001) for RMD and UMD respectively. RMD also contained more calcium (745 v. 410 mg/d) but apparent absorption from RMD was negative ( - 136 v. 15 mg/d) and balance was more negative ( - 19
     • Fractional absorption · full text, p.9:https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19920065 Published online by Cambridge University Press NUTRIENT UTILIZATION FROM MEXICAN DIETS 53 absorption was 3 % of intake for UMD and was negative from RMD. Ca retention was negative with both diets and was about 2.5 times lower from RMD (P< 0.05). DISCUSSION Nutrient intake There was close agreement between analysed macronutrient composition and compositio
     • Fractional absorption · full text, p.11:6 YO.Factors of 85 or 95 YOare suggested for mixed diets based on whole grains and vegetables or refined cereals respectively. We found an apparent N absorption of 65 % from a diet moderately rich in fibre and similar to that typically consumed by the population in rural Mexico. This value was 90% with a typical more refined urban diet. Recommended correction factors for plant-based mixed diets ma
     • Food effect · full text, p.2:METHODS Subjects The study was divided into two metabolic periods in which either a typical rural Mexican diet (RMD) or urban Mexican diet (UMD) was fed in a randomized cross-over design. From 14 to 32 d elapsed between each period. Each period consisted of an initial stage (lasting 4-12 d) in which the subjects became equilibrated to the diet, judged by constancy of polyethylene glycol excretion,
     • Food effect · full text, p.4:line by Cambridge University Press 48 J . L. R O S A D O A N D O T H E R S were prepared. The menus differed only in the form of preparation and were fed in 3 d cycles in order to add variety. The similarity of the nutrient compositions of the three menus was confirmed initially by direct analysis of diets in two subjects (values not shown). Table I also shows the average amount of each food consu
     • Food effect · full text, p.6:ore phytic acid (1.62 v. 0.09 mmol/d). Faecal characteristics are presented in Table 2. The weight of faecal matter was 133 g/d higher when R M D was fed. An increase in faecal water was responsible for 78% of this difference, and there was a highly significant ( P < 0.001) 2.8-fold increase in faecal dry matter. The higher faecal weight was associated with a significantly increased daily number o
     • Form comparison · full text, p.1:representative rural Mexican diet (RMD) and a representative urban Mexican diet (UMD) were evaluated by balance experiments in sixteen Mexican women. Compared with UMD, the plant-based RMD led to a higher number of defaecations and higher faecal excretion of dry matter, fat, nitrogen and energy. Apparent digestibility of N from RMD was only 67 % compared with 90% from UMD. N balance was 0.4 and 2.
     • Form comparison · full text, p.2:(but not mineral) utilization of a rural Guatemalan diet, which is similar to the Mexican rural diet, was investigated by Calloway & Kretsch (1978). Compared with that from a fibre-free egg formula, the digestibilities of energy, protein and fat were reduced. The present research was designed to compare the availability of energy, protein, fat, Zn, Fe and Ca from diets representing the usual dieta
     • Form comparison · full text, p.6:of energy, N and fat. Gross energy intake was significantly lower from R M D by 694 kJ/d. In addition, apparent digestible energy was only 6769 kJ/d compared with 7780 kJ/d with faecal energy almost twice that from UMD. U M D provided significantly more N while faecal N was less than half that for RMD, the apparent digestibility being 65 and 90% for R M D and UMD respectively. Of the sixteen subje
140. HumanInhibitory effects of isolated inositol phosphates on zinc absorption in humans.
     J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis, 1992 · Design: not stated · n: 18 women · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 1422186
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption in humans was measured in 18 women (22-37 a) by use of extrinsic labelling of meals with 65Zn and measurement of whole body retention.
     • Key findings · abstract:The absorption of zinc (65Zn) from white bread with no detectable phytate content was 43.3 +/- 17.9% (mean +/- SD) and from the breads with added 400 mumol of IP-6: 14.3 +/- 3.2%; 200 mumol of IP-5: 27.1 +/- 5.3%; 400 mumol of IP-5: 18.1 +/- 4.2%; and 400 mumol of IP-4: 41.5 +/- 11.3%.
     • Key findings · abstract:The results indicate that IP-6 and IP-5 have zinc-absorption depressing properties, while IP-4 added in isolated form is relatively inert as regards zinc abso[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Zinc absorption in humans was measured in 18 women (22-37 a) by use of extrinsic labelling of meals with 65Zn and measurement of whole body retention.
     • Food effect · abstract:The zinc content of the meal was 22 mumol.
141. Human[Effect of folic acid and folinic acid on zinc absorption].
     Ann Nutr Metab, 1992 · Design: not stated · n: 10 healthy subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 1530284DOI 10.1159/000177711
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Serum zinc was measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h.
     • Key findings · abstract:The areas under the curves varied from 48.2 +/- 20.0 mumol/6 h (1) to 57.0 +/- 10.3 mumol/6 h (3), peak zinc concentration from 28.8 +/- 7.3 mumol/l (1) to 32.1 +/- 4.1 mumol/l (3), half-life from 3.12 +/- 1.12 h (3) to 3.42 +/- 1.48 h (1), elimination rate constant from 0.22 +/- 0.08 (1) to 0.24 +/- 0.07 (3), mean urinary zinc excretion from 58.1 mumol/6 h (2) to 98.7 mumol/6 h (1) and mean zinc clearance from 1.15 l/h (3) to 3.26 l/h (1).
     • Food effect · abstract:These three oral loading doses were given after overnight fasting to each of the 10 subjects, at weekly intervals.
142. HumanPharmacokinetic study of orally administered zinc in humans: evidence for an enteral recirculation.
     Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet, 1991 · Design: not stated · n: 10 subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 1823876DOI 10.1007/BF03189977
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Starting from the experimental design of the established 'Zinc Tolerance Tests', the absorption and distribution of the essential trace element zinc in humans was investigated in 10 subjects by performing a pharmacokinetic study of the serum zinc profile after oral administration of a pharmacological dose of the metal, i.e. 0.69 mmol (45 mg) zinc as ZnSO4.7 H2O.
     • Key findings · abstract:The adopted experimental conditions include frequent measurements of serum concentrations, a total investigation time of 8 h after ingestion, and a correction of basal zinc levels taking into account the circadian variation.
     • Key findings · abstract:The fi[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The subsequent ones, maximum 5 during the investigation period, appeared at regular intervals of approximately 1.2 h, with a decrease in the quantity reabsorbed.
143. HumanCompetitive inhibition of iron absorption by manganese and zinc in humans.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1991 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2058577DOI 10.1093/ajcn/54.1.152
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The effects of zinc and manganese on iron absorption were studied in human subjects by using paired observations and a dual-radioisotope method (55Fe and 49Fe).
     • Key findings · abstract:Adding 2.99 mg Mn to 0.01 mg Fe reduced iron absorption to the same extent as increasing the iron dose 300-fold to 3 mg, strongly indicating a direct competitive inhibition of manganese on iron absorption.
     • Key findings · abstract:An intraluminal interaction may occur, because a fivefold excess of zinc to iron (15 mgZn/3 mg Fe) reduced iron absorption by 56% when given in a water solution but not when given with a hamburger meal.
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Adding 2.99 mg Mn to 0.01 mg Fe reduced iron absorption to the same extent as increasing the iron dose 300-fold to 3 mg, strongly indicating a direct competitive inhibition of manganese on iron absorption.
     • Food effect · abstract:An intraluminal interaction may occur, because a fivefold excess of zinc to iron (15 mgZn/3 mg Fe) reduced iron absorption by 56% when given in a water solution but not when given with a hamburger meal.
144. HumanHomeostatic regulation of zinc absorption and endogenous losses in zinc-deprived men.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1991 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2000832DOI 10.1093/ajcn/53.3.755
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The latter was caused by an increase in the efficiency of zinc absorption from 38 +/- 3% to 93 +/- 1% after 15 d of zinic deprivation and by a reduction in intestinal endogenous losses of zinc.
     • Key findings · abstract:In a fifth subject, who had some evidence of a resolving alcohol-induced hepatitis, urine and fecal zinc were reduced by 64% and 41%, respectively, in 15 d and zinc absorption increased from 46% to 93%.
145. HumanSelenium status and absorption of zinc (65Zn), selenium (75Se) and manganese (54Mn) in patients with short bowel syndrome.
     Eur J Clin Nutr, 1990 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 2269247
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Selenium level and activity of glutathione peroxidase in plasma were studied in seven patients with extensive short bowel resection due to Crohn's disease, before and during 27-54 weeks of intake of a vitamin and trace element supplement containing 50 micrograms of selenium as sodium selenite.
146. HumanFacilitated uptake of zinc into human erythrocytes. Relevance to the treatment of sickle-cell anaemia.
     Biochem Pharmacol, 1990 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2322289DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(90)90278-s
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
147. HumanEffect of low zinc intake on absorption and excretion of zinc by infants studied with 70Zn as extrinsic tag.
     J Nutr, 1989 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2600669DOI 10.1093/jn/119.11.1647
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Extrinsically labeled formula was fed for 24 h and excreta were collected for 72 h.
     • Key findings · abstract:When zinc intake was high, net zinc absorption was 9.1 +/- 8.7% (mean +/- SD) of intake and net zinc retention was 74 +/- 91 micrograms/(kg.d).
     • Key findings · abstract:True zinc (70Zn) absorption was 16.8 +/- 5.8% of intake and fecal excretion of endogenous zinc was 78 +/- 56 micrograms/(kg.d).
     • Key findings · abstract:When zinc intake was low, net absorption of zinc increased significantly (P less than 0.001) to 26.0 +/- 13.0% of intake, but net retention was not significantly different at 42 +/- 33 micrograms/(kg.d).
     • Key findings · abstract:True absorption of zinc also inc[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Extrinsically labeled formula was fed for 24 h and excreta were collected for 72 h.
148. HumanZinc absorption and achlorhydria.
     Eur J Clin Nutr, 1989 · Design: stable-isotope · n: 8 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 2697554
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption from 40 mumol of zinc in a water solution and from a test meal containing 22 mumol of zinc was studied in 8 patients with achlorhydria (no basal acid secretion and no secretion after pentagastrin stimulation).
     • Key findings · abstract:The test dose and the meal was labelled with 0.1 MBq of 65Zn and absorption was determined from measurement of the whole-body retention of the isotope.
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption was 68 +/- 16 per cent (mean +/- s.d.) from the water solution and 33 +/- 10 per cent from the test meal.
     • Food effect · abstract:Zinc absorption from 40 mumol of zinc in a water solution and from a test meal containing 22 mumol of zinc was studied in 8 patients with achlorhydria (no basal acid secretion and no secretion after pentagastrin stimulation).
     • Food effect · abstract:The test dose and the meal was labelled with 0.1 MBq of 65Zn and absorption was determined from measurement of the whole-body retention of the isotope.
     • Food effect · abstract:Zinc absorption was 68 +/- 16 per cent (mean +/- s.d.) from the water solution and 33 +/- 10 per cent from the test meal.
149. HumanZinc absorption in human small intestine.
     Am J Physiol, 1989 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2912154DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.1989.256.1.G87
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:During intestinal perfusion of a balanced electrolyte solution containing 0.1 mM zinc acetate, zinc absorption occurred throughout the entire small intestine.
     • Key findings · abstract:However, the jejunum had the highest rate of absorption (357 +/- 14 nM.min-1.40 cm-1) compared with the duodenum (230 +/- 33 nM.min-1.40 cm-1) and ileum (84 +/- 10 nM.min-1.40 cm-1).
     • Key findings · abstract:Over a range of zinc concentrations infused into the jejunum (0.1, 0.9, and 1.8 mM) there were linear increases in the rate of zinc absorption (P less than 0.05).
     • Key findings · abstract:Intestinal absorption of zinc was significantly stimulated by the addition of glucose (20[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
150. HumanStudies on the mechanism of zinc uptake by human fibroblasts.
     J Cell Physiol, 1988 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 3397388DOI 10.1002/jcp.1041350322
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The process of uptake is saturable, with an apparent association constant of 1.1 X 10(7) M-1.
151. HumanComparative absorption of zinc picolinate, zinc citrate and zinc gluconate in humans.
     Agents Actions, 1987 · Design: randomized; crossover; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 3630857DOI 10.1007/BF01974946
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The comparative absorption of zinc after oral administration of three different complexed forms was studied in 15 healthy human volunteers in a double-blind four-period crossover trial.
152. HumanBioavailability of zinc from zinc-histidine complexes. I. Comparison with zinc sulfate in healthy men.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1987 · Design: clinical trial · n: 10 healthy volunteers · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 3591728DOI 10.1093/ajcn/45.6.1480
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:To test its influence on zinc absorption in humans, we studied the bioavailability of zinc from zinc-histidine complexes as compared to zinc sulfate in 10 healthy volunteers.
     • Key findings · abstract:Ingestion of zinc complexed with histidine at a ratio of 1:2 or 1:12 increased serum-zinc concentration 25% more than ingestion of zinc sulfate.
     • Key findings · abstract:Calculated uptake was 30-40% increased with zinc histidine over zinc sulfate.
     • Key findings · abstract:Application of 15 mg zinc as zinc histidine 1:2 gave an identical serum-zinc response as 45 mg zinc taken as zinc sulfate.
153. HumanAbsorption of zinc from soy protein meals in humans.
     J Nutr, 1987 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 3559747DOI 10.1093/jn/117.2.321
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The absorption of zinc from soy protein-containing meals was studied in healthy human subjects by means of extrinsic labelling with 65Zn and whole body counting.
     • Key findings · abstract:Thirty and 100% of the protein of the meat sauce and 50% of the protein of bread was replaced with the soy protein products.
     • Key findings · abstract:Replacement of 30% of the protein in meat sauce had a marginal effect on the percentage absorption of zinc, whereas the absolute amount of zinc absorbed was lower due to the lower zinc content in soy products than in meat.
     • Key findings · abstract:The absorption of zinc from the whole-meal bread was low and did not change when 50%
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Replacement of 30% of the protein in meat sauce had a marginal effect on the percentage absorption of zinc, whereas the absolute amount of zinc absorbed was lower due to the lower zinc content in soy products than in meat.
     • Food effect · abstract:The absorption of zinc from soy protein-containing meals was studied in healthy human subjects by means of extrinsic labelling with 65Zn and whole body counting.
     • Food effect · abstract:The absorption of zinc from the whole-meal bread was low and did not change when 50% of the flour protein was replaced by soy protein.
154. HumanRetention of selenium (75Se), Zinc (65Zn) and manganese (54Mn) in humans after intake of a labelled vitamin and mineral supplement.
     J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis, 1987 · Design: not stated · n: 12 healthy volunteers · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 2856562
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The whole body retention of 75Se, 65Zn, and 54Mn after intake of a labelled vitamin and mineral supplement was followed in 12 healthy volunteers.
     • Key findings · abstract:Retention day 14 was 48 +/- 6%, 33 +/- 6% and 5 +/- 2% (mean +/- SD) for selenium, zinc and manganese, respectively, when the supplement was taken fasting and 45 +/- 3%, 8 +/- 1% and 1.0 +/- 0.2% when it was taken with food.
     • Key findings · abstract:During day 1-14, 27%, 1% and less than 0.01% of the administered selenium, zinc and manganese radionuclides, respectively, were excreted in the urine.
     • Key findings · abstract:Based on the rate of turnover of the radionuclides and the urinary losse[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Retention day 14 was 48 +/- 6%, 33 +/- 6% and 5 +/- 2% (mean +/- SD) for selenium, zinc and manganese, respectively, when the supplement was taken fasting and 45 +/- 3%, 8 +/- 1% and 1.0 +/- 0.2% when it was taken with food.
     • Food effect · abstract:Based on the rate of turnover of the radionuclides and the urinary losses of 75Se, the absorption of selenium, zinc and manganese from the supplement was estimated to be 89 +/- 5%, 38 +/- 7%, 9 +/- 3% (mean +/- SD) in the fasting state and 87 +/- 4%, 10 +/- 2% and 2 +/- 1% with food.
155. HumanEffect of zinc supplements on the intestinal absorption of calcium.
     J Am Coll Nutr, 1987 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
     PMID 3584729DOI 10.1080/07315724.1987.10720165
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Calcium absorption studies were carried out during the normal and high zinc intake by using an oral tracer dose of Ca47 and determining plasma levels and urinary and fecal excretions of Ca47.
     • Key findings · abstract:The study has shown that, during zinc supplementation, the intestinal absorption of calcium was significantly lower during a low calcium intake than in the control study, 39.3% vs 61% respectively, p less than 0.001.
     • Key findings · abstract:However, during a normal calcium intake of 800 mg/day, the high zinc intake had no significant effect on the intestinal absorption of calcium.
156. HumanThe increase in zincaemia provoked by starvation does not influence the intestinal absorption of zinc.
     Clin Chim Acta, 1987 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 3568420DOI 10.1016/0009-8981(87)90019-2
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Serum zinc, measured in obese patients undergoing two weeks of therapeutic starvation (0 kcal, water ad libitum) increased significantly during the starvation period (+48% at day 10) and returned to prestarvation values after refeeding with a 500 kcal diet.
     • Key findings · abstract:Intestinal absorption of zinc was investigated by an oral zinc tolerance test (with 75 mg of zinc acetate) on the second and the tenth day of starvation.
157. HumanStable isotope studies of zinc absorption and retention in young and elderly men.
     J Nutr, 1986 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 3746461DOI 10.1093/jn/116.7.1239
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption was determined with 67Zn and 70Zn, stable isotopes of zinc, in six young men and six elderly men who were confined to a metabolic unit for 12 wk.
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption was determined twice for each subject by combining zinc enriched with either 70Zn or 67Zn with the formula diet.
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption averaged 17% in elderly men, significantly less than average zinc absorption of 31% in young men.
158. HumanEffects of calcium carbonate and hydroxyapatite on zinc and iron retention in postmenopausal women.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1986 · Design: crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 3014855DOI 10.1093/ajcn/44.1.83
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We measured the effect of calcium carbonate and hydroxyapatite on whole-body retention of zinc-65 in 11 and iron-59 in 13 healthy, postmenopausal women.
     • Key findings · abstract:Mean (SEM) zinc retention was 18.1 +/- 1.0% with placebo (control) and did not vary significantly with calcium carbonate (110.0 +/- 8.6% of control) or hydroxyapatite (106.0 +/- 7.9% of control).
     • Key findings · abstract:Iron retention, 6.3 +/- 2.0% with placebo, was significantly reduced with both calcium carbonate (43.3 +/- 8.8% of control, p = 0.002) and hydroxyapatite (45.9 +/- 10.0% of control, p = 0.003).
     • Food effect · abstract:In a single-blind, controlled, crossover study, each subject, on three occasions, ingested a standard test meal supplemented with iron-59 or zinc-65 and capsules containing placebo or 500 mg elemental calcium as calcium carbonate or hydroxyapatite.
     • Food effect · abstract:Whole-body countings were performed prior to, 30 min after, and 2 wk after each meal.
159. HumanThe effect of dentifrices containing zinc citrate on plaque growth and oral zinc levels.
     J Clin Periodontol, 1986 · Design: clinical trial · n: 88 participants · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 3458726DOI 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1986.tb02226.x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
160. HumanGlucose polymer increases jejunal calcium, magnesium, and zinc absorption in humans.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1986 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 3728361DOI 10.1093/ajcn/44.2.244
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:When 4 mM glucose polymer was perfused net calcium absorption increased by fourfold (95 vs 488 mumol/30 cm/h), and net jejunal uptake of magnesium (393 mumol/30 cm/h) was observed, as compared to net magnesium secretion in the absence of glucose polymer.
     • Key findings · abstract:In addition, coadministration of glucose polymer doubled net zinc absorption (13 vs 29 mumol/30 cm/h).
     • Key findings · abstract:The rate of water absorption increased from 49 to 111 ml/30 cm/h.
     • Key findings · abstract:No further change in jejunal water and mineral absorption was observed when glucose polymer in the perfusate was increased from 4 to 8 mM.
161. HumanZinc absorption in inflammatory bowel disease.
     Dig Dis Sci, 1986 · Design: not stated · n: 29 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2873002DOI 10.1007/BF01296450
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption was measured in 29 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and a wide spectrum of disease activity to determine its relationship to disease activity, general nutritional state, and zinc status.
     • Key findings · abstract:The mean 65ZnCl2 absorption, in the patients, determined using a 65Zn and 51Cr stool-counting test, 45 +/- 17% (SD), was significantly lower than the values, 54 +/- 16%, in 30 healthy controls, P less than 0.05.
     • Key findings · abstract:Low 65ZnCl2 absorption was related to undernutrition, but not to disease activity in the absence of undernutrition or to zinc status estimated by leukocyte zinc measurements[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:In another group of nine patients with inflammatory bowel disease of mild-to-moderate severity and minimal nutritional impairment, 65Zn absorption from an extrinsically labeled turkey test meal was 31 +/- 10% compared to 33 +/- 7% in 17 healthy controls, P greater than 0.1.
162. HumanZinc absorption and leukocyte zinc in alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhosis.
     Dig Dis Sci, 1985 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 3979239DOI 10.1007/BF01403841
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:To determine if malabsorption of zinc contributes to the zinc deficiency found in cirrhosis, the absorption of an oral dose of ZnCl2, labeled with 65Zn and a nonabsorbed marker 51CrCl3, was determined from the ratio of these isotopes in a stool specimen.
     • Key findings · abstract:Average 65Zn absorption in 25 alcoholic cirrhotics, 37 +/- 17% (SD), was low compared to 55 +/- 16% in 31 healthy volunteer controls (P less than 0.01).
     • Key findings · abstract:In contrast, mean 65Zn absorption, 47 +/- 11%, in 11 nonalcoholic cirrhotics was not significantly different from the average result in healthy controls.
     • Key findings · abstract:Low 65Zn absorption was accompan[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:To determine if malabsorption of zinc contributes to the zinc deficiency found in cirrhosis, the absorption of an oral dose of ZnCl2, labeled with 65Zn and a nonabsorbed marker 51CrCl3, was determined from the ratio of these isotopes in a stool specimen.
163. HumanZinc absorption in alcoholics using zinc-65.
     Digestion, 1985 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 4065445DOI 10.1159/000199243
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Using a dual isotope absorption technique the absorption of 65Zn in 18 alcoholic patients was 37% (13 +/- SD) and 56% (10 +/- SD) in a normal control group (p less than 0.001).
     • Key findings · abstract:The mean serum zinc in 55 alcoholic patients was 11.6 mumol/l (3.0 +/- SD) and in 36 normal volunteers the mean serum zinc was 13.6 mumol/l (1.8 +/- SD; p less than 0.001).
164. HumanOral iron, dietary ligands and zinc absorption.
     J Nutr, 1985 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 3973750DOI 10.1093/jn/115.3.411
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The effect of iron on zinc absorption in humans was investigated by using 65Zn and whole-body counting after 2 wk.
     • Key findings · abstract:Increasing the molar ratio of ferrous iron (with ascorbic acid) to zinc from 1:1 to 2.5:1 did not affect absorption of zinc from water when given in a fasting state; 59 and 58% was absorbed, respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:However, at an Fe:Zn ratio of 25:1, zinc absorption from water decreased significantly to 34%.
     • Key findings · abstract:Addition of the zinc ligand, histidine, to the water solution decreased the inhibitory effect of the higher dose of iron, resulting in a zinc absorption of 47%.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Increasing the molar ratio of ferrous iron (with ascorbic acid) to zinc from 1:1 to 2.5:1 did not affect absorption of zinc from water when given in a fasting state; 59 and 58% was absorbed, respectively.
     • Food effect · abstract:Increasing the molar ratio of ferrous iron (with ascorbic acid) to zinc from 1:1 to 2.5:1 did not affect absorption of zinc from water when given in a fasting state; 59 and 58% was absorbed, respectively.
     • Food effect · abstract:When oral iron in the same ratio to zinc was given with a meal, no inhibitory effect was observed (25, 23 and 22%, respectively).
165. HumanAssociation between urinary zinc excretion and lymphocyte dysfunction in patients with lung cancer.
     Am J Med, 1985 · Design: not stated · n: 75 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2992269DOI 10.1016/0002-9343(85)90011-7
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Mean (+/- SEM) serum zinc concentration in 75 patients with cancer was 67.4 +/- 2.2 micrograms/dl versus 96.0 +/- 8.0 micrograms/dl for normal subjects.
     • Key findings · abstract:Patients with low serum zinc levels (less than 70 micrograms/dl) had significantly higher urine zinc excretion than patients with normal serum zinc levels (1,385 +/- 240 micrograms per 24 hours versus 392 +/- 107 micrograms per 24 hours) (p less than 0.001).
     • Key findings · abstract:When lymphocyte data were analyzed according to serum zinc concentrations and urinary zinc excretion, low serum zinc concentration and high urine zinc excretion both correlated with de[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
166. HumanThe effect of individual components of soy formula and cows' milk formula on zinc bioavailability.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1984 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 6541868DOI 10.1093/ajcn/40.5.1064
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption from human milk, cows' milk formulas, and soy formulas was studied in human adults by a radioisotope technique using 65Zn and whole body counting.
     • Key findings · abstract:Phytate was found to have a strong inhibitory effect on zinc absorption; addition of phytate to cows' milk formula (yielding a phytate concentration similar to that of soy formula) resulted in a decrease in zinc absorption from 31 to 16% similar to the absorption for soy formula (14%).
     • Key findings · abstract:Iron supplementation of cows' milk formula decreased zinc absorption from 24 to 18% although this decrease was not found to be significant (p less[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
167. HumanA stable isotope study of zinc absorption in young men: effects of phytate and alpha-cellulose.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1984 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 6496386DOI 10.1093/ajcn/40.5.1071
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:A 63-day study was conducted with young men confined to a metabolic unit to study the effects of a alpha-cellulose and phytate on zinc absorption.
     • Key findings · abstract:During each of three dietary treatments, (basal diet, basal diet + alpha-cellulose, or basal diet + phytate), 67Zn, a stable isotope of zinc, was added to the diets to measure zinc absorption.
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption was determined by fecal monitoring of 67Zn, measured by thermal ionization mass spectrometry.
     • Key findings · abstract:Average zinc absorption was 34.0 +/- 6.2% from the basal diet and 33.8 +/- 2.9% from the diet with 0.5 g alpha-cellulose per kg body weight adde[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
168. HumanEffects of iron, tin, and copper on zinc absorption in humans.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1984 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 6475824DOI 10.1093/ajcn/40.3.536
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption as measured by body retention of [65Zn]zinc chloride or a turkey test meal extrinsically labeled with 65Zn was determined in human subjects by whole body counting after 7 days.
     • Key findings · abstract:Average 65Zn absorption from zinc chloride in persons with a high iron-absorbing capacity was similar to persons with a low capacity to absorb iron.
     • Key findings · abstract:Inorganic iron, 920 mumol (51 mg), or HB iron, 480 mumol (26 mg), inhibited 65Zn absorption from 92 mumol (6 mg) of zinc chloride.
     • Key findings · abstract:When 610 mumol of iron (34 mg) was added to a turkey test meal containing 61 mumol of zinc (4 mg), 65Zn absorption was no[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Zinc absorption as measured by body retention of [65Zn]zinc chloride or a turkey test meal extrinsically labeled with 65Zn was determined in human subjects by whole body counting after 7 days.
     • Food effect · abstract:When 610 mumol of iron (34 mg) was added to a turkey test meal containing 61 mumol of zinc (4 mg), 65Zn absorption was not inhibited.
     • Food effect · abstract:Tin, 306 mumol (36 mg), given with zinc chloride or turkey test meals (61 mumol, 4 mg, of Zn) significantly reduced 65Zn absorption.
     • Food effect · abstract:Inorganic iron had no effect, however, on 65Zn absorption from the turkey test meal.
     • Food effect · abstract:Tin in a large dose also inhibited 65Zn absorpt
169. HumanStudies on the bioavailability of zinc in humans: intestinal interaction of tin and zinc.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1983 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
     PMID 6837491DOI 10.1093/ajcn/37.4.566
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We have explored the tin/zinc interaction using the change-in-plasma-zinc-concentration method with a standard dosage of 12.5 mg of zinc as zinc sulfate in 100 ml of Coca-Cola.
     • Key findings · abstract:Sn/Zn ratios of 2:1, 4:1, and 8:1, constituted by addition of 25, 50, and 100 mg of tin as stannous chloride, had no significant overall effect on zinc uptake.
     • Key findings · abstract:Addition of iron as ferrous sulfate to form ratios of Sn/Fe/Zn of 1:1:1 and 2:2:1 with the standard zinc solution and the appropriate doses of tin produced a reduction of zinc absorption not dissimilar from that seen previously with zinc and iron alone, and a[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
170. HumanZinc absorption from human milk, cow's milk, and infant formulas.
     Am J Dis Child, 1983 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 6869328DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1983.02140340010002
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Zinc absorption from 450 mL of human milk, cow's milk, humanized cow's milk formula, cereal-cow's milk formula, and soy formula was determined in healthy adults.
     • Key findings · abstract:The milks and formulas were extrinsically labeled with zinc chloride Zn 65 and the absorption was determined from measurement of the whole-body retention of the isotope.
     • Key findings · abstract:Absorption of zinc was 41% +/- 9% from human milk and 28% +/- 15% from cow's milk.
     • Key findings · abstract:Absorption was 31% +/- 7% from the humanized cow's milk formula, 22% +/- 11% from the cereal-cow's milk formula, and 14% +/- 4% from the soy formula.
171. HumanStudies on the bioavailability of zinc in humans: mechanism of the intestinal interaction of nonheme iron and zinc.
     J Nutr, 1983 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
     PMID 6822907DOI 10.1093/jn/113.2.337
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The mechanisms of the previously described competitive zinc:iron interaction were explored in healthy human volunteers, using the increment in plasma zinc concentration after an oral dose of 25 mg of zinc as zinc sulfate as the index of zinc absorption.
     • Key findings · abstract:Ferric iron in a 2:1 Fe/Zn ratio reduced the plasma uptake of zinc, but to a significantly lesser degree than ferrous iron; addition of 1 g of ascorbic acid increased the magnitude of the inhibitory effect of ferric iron to that seen with ferrous iron.
     • Key findings · abstract:Saturation of the intestinal mucosa with consecutive-day doses of therapeutic iron did no[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
172. HumanOral iron and the bioavailability of zinc.
     Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 1983 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 6412928DOI 10.1136/bmj.287.6398.1013PMC1549576 (free full text)
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The oral bioavailability of zinc was studied in nonpregnant adults before and 24 hours after two weeks of oral supplementation with iron and folic acid.
173. HumanBioavailability of zinc from a diet based on isolated soy protein: application in young men of the stable isotope tracer, 70Zn.
     J Nutr, 1982 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 6889635DOI 10.1093/jn/112.10.1809
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:With the aid of the stable isotope, 70Zn, as a tracer and neutron activation analysis, a combination of extrinsic labeling of meals and fecal monitoring of isotope excretion was used as a safe and noninvasive approach for assessing the effects of the vegetable (soy) and animal (milk, beef) proteins on the absorption of zinc in healthy, adult human volunteers.
     • Key findings · abstract:The mean absorption of 70Zn from milk, soy and soy/milk was 41 +/- 4, 34 +/- 4, and 41 +/- 7% (mean +/- SEM), respectively, the presence of soy protein having no effect on absorption of the extrinsic label.
     • Key findings · abstract:For beef bologna and soy bo[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:For beef bologna and soy bologna, fractional absorption of the 70Zn tracer was 41 +/- 4 and 30 +/- 3%, respectively.
     • Food effect · abstract:With the aid of the stable isotope, 70Zn, as a tracer and neutron activation analysis, a combination of extrinsic labeling of meals and fecal monitoring of isotope excretion was used as a safe and noninvasive approach for assessing the effects of the vegetable (soy) and animal (milk, beef) proteins on the absorption of zinc in healthy, adult human volunteers.
     • Food effect · abstract:A known amount of 70Zn was added as ZnCl2, to six consecutive meals over a 2-day period during which either one of three isonitrogenous liquid formulas (skim milk; soy isolate; or a 50:50 mixture) or one of two bologna sausages (soy iso
174. HumanZinc and zinc ligands in human seminal plasma. III. The principal low molecular weight zinc ligand in prostatic secretion and seminal plasma.
     Acta Physiol Scand, 1982 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 7158392DOI 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1982.tb10600.x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Spectrographical scanning of LMW-Zn preparations obtained by gel chromatography of prostatic fluid or seminal plasma on a Sephadex G-25 column gave identical absorption curves with those obtained by scanning of a zinc-citrate solution.
175. HumanStudies on the bioavailability of zinc in humans: effects of heme and nonheme iron on the absorption of zinc.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1981 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 7223699DOI 10.1093/ajcn/34.4.475
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:With zinc sulfate as the source of inorganic zinc, and ferrous sulfate as the source of nonheme iron, a ratio of Fe/Zn of 1:1 slightly inhibited zinc absorption while Fe/Zn ratio of 2:1 and 3:1 substantially inhibited zinc uptake.
     • Key findings · abstract:No effect on zinc absorption was observed, however, when heme iron, as heme chloride, was ingested in a 3:1 Fe/Zn ratio with inorganic zinc.
176. HumanZinc absorption in Crohn's disease.
     Gut, 1980 · Design: stable-isotope · n: 33 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 7429301DOI 10.1136/gut.21.5.387PMC1419071 (free full text)
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Serum zinc concentrations in 33 patients suffering from Crohn's disease were significantly lower than in 58 normal control subjects (9 . 18 +/- 2 . 3 mumol compared with 13 . 6 +/- 1 . 73 mumol, P < 0 . 0005).
     • Key findings · abstract:We studied zinc absorption in seven patients with Crohn's disease and compared it with the results obtained previously in five normal subjects using a new technique involving a short-lived isotope of zinc (69mZn).
     • Key findings · abstract:Compared with normal subjects, zinc absorption was considerably impaired in patients with Crohn's disease (range 9--45%, compared with 38--75%).
177. HumanStudies on the bioavailability of zinc in man. III. Effects of ascorbic acid on zinc absorption.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1979 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 506973DOI 10.1093/ajcn/32.12.2495
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The index of absorption was the change in plasma zinc concentration after a 110-mg aqueous dose of ZnSO4.7H2O (containing 25 mg of elemental zinc).
     • Key findings · abstract:Doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g of ascorbic acid, representing a spectrum of Zn:ascorbic acid molar ratios from the dietary to the pharmacological range, failed to produce any significant change in the pattern of zinc absorption.
     • Key findings · abstract:Moreover, 2.0 g of ascorbic acid, equivalent to a Zn:ascorbic acid ratio of 0.145 failed to improve the absorption of 108 mg of elemental zinc incorporated into 120 g of black bean gruel.
178. HumanOral zinc therapy of acne. Absorption and clinical effect.
     Arch Dermatol, 1978 · Design: double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 150813
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
179. HumanAbsorption of mono- and polyglutamyl folates in zinc-depleted man.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1978 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 717270DOI 10.1093/ajcn/31.11.1984
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:After zinc depletion, the rise in serum folate after an oral dose of pteroylheptaglutamate was reduced by an average of 53% while pteroylmonoglutamate absorption appeared to be unchanged.
180. HumanSome aspects of the intestinal absorption of zinc in man.
     Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1976 · Design: not stated · n: 8 healthy volunteers · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 971705DOI 10.1007/BF00606559
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Serum zinc concentrations in peripheral venous blood were determined in 8 healthy volunteers at various times after oral administration of 50 mg Zn++.
     • Key findings · abstract:In the healthy volunteers the mean serum zinc concentration before dosing was 0.89 mug/ml and a mean peak concentration of 2.39 mug/ml was found after 3 h.
     • Key findings · abstract:In the patients the areas under the serum concentration-time curve was approximately 1/3 of that in the healthy subjects.
     • Key findings · abstract:Zn++ 50 mg was also given to 3 patients undergoing transumbilical catheterization of the portal vein for diagnostic purposes and serum zinc concentrations were measu[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
181. HumanEffect of foodstuffs on the absorption of zinc sulfate.
     Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1975 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 1091398DOI 10.1002/cpt1975174469
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
182. PrimateEquivalent uptake of organic and inorganic zinc by monkey kidney fibroblasts, human intestinal epithelial cells, or perfused mouse intestine.
     Biol Trace Elem Res, 1998 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 9498328DOI 10.1007/BF02784037
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Steady-state uptake of 65Zn by human intestine epithelial cells, and monkey kidney fibroblasts was not significantly different with zinc chloride (ZnCl2), ZnMet, or zinc propionate (ZnProp) (P > 0.05).
     • Key findings · abstract:Uptake of 65Zn from zinc chelated with EDTA was significantly lower (P < 0.01).
     • Key findings · abstract:In live mice, 65Zn uptake by perfused intestine and deposition in intestine and liver showed no significant difference between ZnCl2 and ZnMet.
     • Key findings · abstract:Cellular uptake of the radiolabeled methionine was <0.1% of the radiolabeled Zn from these complexes, indicating separate uptake of the Zn and methionine.
     • Key findings · abstract:Gel filtrat[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
183. PigProtective impacts of berberine in weaned piglets fed without zinc oxide: Insight of jejunal barrier function, water absorption, and gut microbiota and metabolism.
     Anim Nutr, 2026 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 41716830DOI 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.05.012PMC12914866 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:The transcriptomic analysis further corroborated that basal diet +50 mg/kg berberine regulates gene expression and functional pathways related to intestinal nutrient absorption and immunity.
     • Food effect · full text, Table 1:Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (as-fed basis, %). Item Phase 1 (d 0–14) Phase 2 (d 15–28) Ingredients Corn 55.00 68.00 Soybean meal 6.00 19.00 Enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal 12.00 0.00 Extruded soybeans 10.00 0.00 Whey powder 8.00 0.00 Glucose 2.50 2.50 Soybean oil 1.50 1.00 Dical
184. PigDietary zinc-di-tripeptide enhances zinc relative bioavailability and reduces fecal zinc losses compared to zinc sulfate, without compromising performance of growing pigs.
     J Anim Sci, 2025 · Design: randomized · n: 10 pigs · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
     PMID 41288969DOI 10.1093/jas/skaf409PMC12739280 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:This study aimed to evaluate the bioavailability of a Zn-di-tripeptide (Zn-di-tripep) chelate compared to Zn sulfate (ZnSO4) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility of Zn and Zn concentrations in feces, serum, liver, and bone in growing pigs.
     • Key findings · abstract:Pigs fed Zn-di-tripep showed a slight decrease and increase in fecal Zn (P = 0.105) and liver Zn (P = 0.109), respectively, and higher bone Zn concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) than ZnSO4.
     • Key findings · abstract:Serum Zn increased over time (P ≤ 0.05) in all Zn-supplemented pigs, with a trend (P ≤ 0.10) toward higher concentrations in pigs fed Zn-di-tripep than Zn[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Pigs fed Zn-di-tripep or ZnSO4 showed improved performance (P ≤ 0.05) compared to unsupplemented pigs, particularly for average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI).
     • Food effect · abstract:From day 0 to 30, pigs fed Zn-di-tripep exhibited a quadratic response (P ≤ 0.05) for ADG and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), and a linear increase (P ≤ 0.05) in final BW (FBW) and ADFI.
     • Food effect · abstract:Pigs fed Zn-di-tripep showed a slight decrease and increase in fecal Zn (P = 0.105) and liver Zn (P = 0.109), respectively, and higher bone Zn concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) than ZnSO4.
     • Food effect · abstract:Serum Zn increased over time (P ≤ 0.05) in all Zn
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, Table 10.:Relative bioavailability values of linear slope-ratio equations for zinc-di-tripeptide compared to zinc sulfate fed to growing pigs1 Item Source Bioavailability (%)2  ,  3 Growth performance (day 0 to 60)  ADG, kg/d Zn-di-tripep 115  G:F, kg:kg Zn-di-tripep 136
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section 'Relative bioavailability':The estimated average relative bioavailability of Zn-di-tripep in relation to ZnSO4 was 134%, that is, 100 mg of ZnSO4/kg could be replaced by 74.62 mg of Zn-di-tripep/kg of diet, on a Zn basis (Table 10).
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section 'Relative bioavailability':Since Zn ATTD included negative-very low values in the ZnSO4 group, we also reported bioavailability in non-ATTD variables (performance, serum, liver, bone), obtaining a relative bioavailability of 117%.
     • Food effect · full text, Table 1.:Composition of diets fed to growing male pigs during the experiment (as-fed)1 Ingredients (%) Growing Adaptation3 Control4 Ground corn (22.2 mg of Zn/kg), 7.86% CP 69.858 69.267 Soybean meal (44.1 mg of Zn/kg), 45.4% CP 23.646 23.736 Soybean oil 2.925 3.127 Dicalcium
     • Food effect · full text, Table 6.:Serum zinc concentrations (mcg/dL) in growing pigs fed different sources and levels of zinc at 3 times after bolus feeding (on day 60) Item1 Dietary treatments SEM² P-value3   Controlα Zn-di-tripep (mg/kg diet) Zn sulfate (mg/kg diet) 0 30 60 90 120 30 60 90 120 Source Level* Inter 0 h 25.37 76.77 92
     • Food effect · full text, Table 7.:Linear and quadratic contrasts for serum zinc concentrations in growing pigs fed different sources and levels of zinc Item Sources Polynomial contrasts P-value 0 h Zn-di-tripep Linear 0.001 Quadratic 0.001 Zn sulfate Linear 0.001 Quadratic 0.001 1 h Zn-di-tripep Linear 0.001 Quadratic 0.001 Zn sulfate Linear 0.001 Quadratic
     • Form comparison · full text, Table 10.:Relative bioavailability values of linear slope-ratio equations for zinc-di-tripeptide compared to zinc sulfate fed to growing pigs1 Item Source Bioavailability (%)2  ,  3 Growth performance (day 0 to 60)  ADG, kg/d Zn-di-tripep 115  G:F, kg:kg Zn-di-tripep 136 Zn in liver, mg/kg DM Zn-di-tripep 115 Zn in blood (0 h), mcg/dL Zn-di-tripe
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Growth performance':In phase I (from day 0 to 30), pigs fed diets supplemented with 120 mg Zn/kg tended (P ≤ 0.10) to show higher ADFI compared to the other Zn levels (Table 2).
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Growth performance':Regarding the level effect (P ≤ 0.05), pigs fed diets supplemented with 120 mg Zn/kg had higher FBW and ADFI compared to those fed 90 mg Zn/kg.
185. PigEfficacy of TurmiZn, a Metallic Complex of Curcuminoids-Tetrahydrocurcumin and Zinc on Bioavailability, Antioxidant, and Cytokine Modulation Capability.
     Molecules, 2023 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 36838654DOI 10.3390/molecules28041664PMC9958618 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:In vitro uptake assay using pig intestinal epithelial cells showed that TurmiZn has an ~3-fold increase (p ≤ 0.01) in uptake compared to curcumin and a ~2-fold increase (p ≤ 0.01) over tetrahydrocurcumin (THC).
     • Key findings · abstract:In a chicken model, an oral 1-g dose of TurmiZn showed a ~2.5-fold increase of a specific metabolite peak compared to curcumin (p = 0.004) and a ~3-fold increase compared to THC (p = 0.001).
     • Key findings · abstract:Oral doses (5 g/Kg) of TurmiZn in rats also showed the presence of curcumin and THC metabolites in plasma, indicating bioavailability across cell membranes in animals.
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:In vitro uptake assay using pig intestinal epithelial cells showed that TurmiZn has an ~3-fold increase (p ≤ 0.01) in uptake compared to curcumin and a ~2-fold increase (p ≤ 0.01) over tetrahydrocurcumin (THC).
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:In a chicken model, an oral 1-g dose of TurmiZn showed a ~2.5-fold increase of a specific metabolite peak compared to curcumin (p = 0.004) and a ~3-fold increase compared to THC (p = 0.001).
     • Food effect · abstract:In vivo cytokine modulations were also observed when TurmiZn was fed for 6 weeks to newborn chickens.
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '2.2. TurmiZn In Vivo Avian Bioavailabili':The height of the retention of the 1.8 min peak of the TurmiZn complex at 2 h in the chicken blood is about 2.5 times higher than the equivalent peak in curcuminoids (p = 0.004) or about 3-fold higher than the THC group (p = 0.001) (Figure 3A).
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '2.4. Antioxidant Capabilities ':TurmiZn had a 4-fold to 13-fold higher antioxidant capability as compared to the THC or curcuminoids respectively at the 0.125 mg/mL level.
     • Food effect · full text, Section '2.2. TurmiZn In Vivo Avian Bioavailabili':The analytes were fed to three chickens and blood samples were taken at 2, 4, and 24 h to be processed for HPLC analysis at 425 nm as described in the methods.
     • Food effect · full text, Section '2.2. TurmiZn In Vivo Avian Bioavailabili':The HPLC chromatograms of the TurmiZn complex (Figure 2C) show the appearance of a unique HPLC peak at the 1.4 min retention time in the 2 h plasma of chickens when fed a 1 g TurmiZn complex.
     • Food effect · full text, Section '2.6. TurmiZn In Vivo Cytokine Modulation':TurmiZn was fed at 0, 0.5%, and 1% w/w rate in feed to newborn chickens daily for 6 weeks.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section '2.4. Antioxidant Capabilities ':TurmiZn had a 4-fold to 13-fold higher antioxidant capability as compared to the THC or curcuminoids respectively at the 0.125 mg/mL level.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section '2.6. TurmiZn In Vivo Cytokine Modulation':The results of cytokine levels in chickens fed the TurmiZn complex at the 1% rate for 6 weeks non-significantly reduced the amount of IL-1-beta (p = 0.07, Figure 8A) and IL-6 (p = 0.11, Figure 8B) compared to control chickens while significantly reducing IL-10 (p ≤ 0.01, Figure 8C) compared to control chickens.
186. PigEffects of Zinc Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Zinc Status, Expressions of Zinc Transporters, and Zinc Bioavailability in Weaned Piglets.
     Animals (Basel), 2021 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 34573481DOI 10.3390/ani11092515PMC8470440 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Additionally, the bioavailability of CS-Zn was higher than that of ZnSO4 in piglets.
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, Table 5:Relative bioavailability of CS–Zn based on multiple linear regression of zinc content in the liver and pancreas. Item Regression Equation R2 p ZnSO4 CS–Zn Liver zinc content Y = 68.747 + 0.366X1 + 0.330X2 0.899 0.000 100% 110.9% Pancreas zinc content Y = 20.186 + 0.4
     • Food effect · full text, Section '2.4. Oral Acute Toxicity in Mice':The mice were housed by sex and fed on commercial pellet diet, given deionized water ad libitum, and kept in plastic cages in a 21–26 °C controlled temperature, 50–70% relative humidity room.
     • Food effect · full text, Section '2.5.1. Animal Treatment':Compared to the control, the other 6 dietary treatments were fed a basal diet supplemented with 50 mg kg−1 of Zn as ZnSO4, 100 mg kg−1 of Zn as ZnSO4, 150 mg kg−1 of Zn as ZnSO4, 50 mg kg−1 of Zn as CS–Zn, 100 mg kg−1 of Zn as CS–Zn, and 150 mg kg−1 of Zn as CS–Zn, respectively.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section '2.5.1. Animal Treatment':Compared to the control, the other 6 dietary treatments were fed a basal diet supplemented with 50 mg kg−1 of Zn as ZnSO4, 100 mg kg−1 of Zn as ZnSO4, 150 mg kg−1 of Zn as ZnSO4, 50 mg kg−1 of Zn as CS–Zn, 100 mg kg−1 of Zn as CS–Zn, and 150 mg kg−1 of Zn as CS–Zn, respectively.
187. PigZinc Supplementation Forms Influenced Zinc Absorption and Accumulation in Piglets.
     Animals (Basel), 2020 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 33375418DOI 10.3390/ani11010036PMC7824504 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:In conclusion, Zn-Met added in feed and ZnSO4 dissolved in drinking water had higher bioavailability in piglets.
     • Food effect · full text, Table 1:Composition of basal diet (as-fed basis) for piglets. Ingredient Content (%) Analyzed Value Corn 63.80 Digestible energy (MJ.kg−1) 14.05 Soybean meal 19.80 Crude Protein (%) 18.27 Whey powder 4.30 Crude fat (%) 4.20 Fish meal 9.00 Crude fiber (%) 2.55 Soybean oil 0.80 Lysine
188. PigBioavailability of two organic forms of zinc in comparison to zinc sulphate for weaning pigs fed a diet composed mainly of wheat, barley and soybean meal.
     Arch Anim Nutr, 2011 · Design: randomized · n: 96 pigs · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 21888037DOI 10.1080/1745039x.2011.586135
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Plasma zinc concentration and activity of alkaline phosphatase were rising with increasing zinc supplementation levels up to a maximum reached at a supplementary level of 30 or 50 mg/kg diet for activity of alkaline phosphatase and plasma zinc concentration, respectively.
189. PigSolubility and relative absorption of copper, iron, and zinc in two milk-based liquid infant formulae.
     Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2001 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 11517734DOI 10.1080/09637480120078302
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The results of these trials suggest that substituting organic forms of copper and iron in the mix results in an almost three-fold increase in their solubility (iron lactate, 73.4% vs ferrous sulfate, 27.6% and copper gluconate, 11.3% vs cupric sulfate, 3.0%).
     • Key findings · abstract:Relative mineral absorption from digests of the two experimental infant formulae tested was only significantly different (P < 0.05) for Fe.
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The results of these trials suggest that substituting organic forms of copper and iron in the mix results in an almost three-fold increase in their solubility (iron lactate, 73.4% vs ferrous sulfate, 27.6% and copper gluconate, 11.3% vs cupric sulfate, 3.0%).
190. PigGrowth-promoting efficacy in young pigs of two sources of zinc oxide having either a high or a low bioavailability of zinc.
     J Anim Sci, 2000 · Design: not stated · n: n = 36 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 11063314DOI 10.2527/2000.78112896x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Growth rates during the first 6-d were improved (P < 0.06) by the addition of ZnO, with a trend (P < 0.10) for greater weight gain in pigs receiving HS than in those fed W Zn.
     • Food effect · abstract:Growth rates during the first 6-d were improved (P < 0.06) by the addition of ZnO, with a trend (P < 0.10) for greater weight gain in pigs receiving HS than in those fed W Zn.
     • Food effect · abstract:During the entire 11-d, however, there was no difference in growth rates between pigs fed the two sources of ZnO.
191. PigBioavailability of zinc from inorganic and organic sources for pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets.
     J Anim Sci, 1994 · Design: not stated · n: 192 pigs · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 7883627DOI 10.2527/1994.72102681x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Two experiments were conducted with pigs 1) to determine the effect of supplemental Zn on growth performance, bone Zn, and plasma Zn in pigs fed Zn-unsupplemented, corn-soybean meal diets and 2) to assess bioavailability of Zn from inorganic and organic Zn sources.
     • Key findings · abstract:However, bone and plasma Zn concentrations increased linearly (P < .01) in response to supplemental Zn at dietary Zn levels between 27 mg/kg (basal) and 47 mg/kg (breakpoint).
     • Key findings · abstract:In Exp. 2, three levels of supplemental Zn from ZnSO4.H2O (0, 7.5, and 15 mg/kg of supplemental Zn) were used to construct a standard curve (metacarpal, c[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Two experiments were conducted with pigs 1) to determine the effect of supplemental Zn on growth performance, bone Zn, and plasma Zn in pigs fed Zn-unsupplemented, corn-soybean meal diets and 2) to assess bioavailability of Zn from inorganic and organic Zn sources.
     • Food effect · abstract:In both experiments, weanling pigs were fed a diet with no supplemental Zn for 5 wk to deplete their Zn stores.
     • Food effect · abstract:In Exp. 1, 192 pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal diet (growing diet, 32 mg/kg of Zn; finishing diet, 27 mg/kg of Zn) supplemented with feed-grade ZnSO4.H2O to provide 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg of supplemental Zn.
192. PigA multi-element isotopic tracer assessment of true fractional absorption of minerals from formula with additives of calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and iron in young piglets.
     J Nutr, 1993 · Design: stable-isotope · n: n = 36 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 8360783DOI 10.1093/jn/123.9.1586
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Oral and intravenous administration of extrinsic isotopes of 59Fe, 54Mn, 65Zn, 75Se and 47Ca was followed by fecal monitoring for 15 d and true absorption calculated after accounting for endogenous excretion.
     • Key findings · abstract:Addition of Ca*P+Zn reduced Zn absorption (P < 0.05) and Ca*P+Zn+Cu reduced Fe absorption (P < 0.01), but Mn and Se absorptions were not altered.
     • Key findings · abstract:Uptake of only Zn tracer into heart was significantly different (P < 0.05) among diet groups.
     • Food effect · abstract:Four-day-old piglets (n = 36) were randomly assigned to groups fed a basal diet or additions of Ca*P (Ca = 25, P = 18 g/kg dry diet), Ca*P+Zn (Zn = 0.04 g/kg), Ca*P+Zn+Cu (Cu = 0.007 g/kg) or Ca*P+Zn+Cu+Fe (Fe = 0.008 g/kg).