Vitamin D Absorption: D3 vs D2 and How to Absorb It Best

Showing 60 of 327 Cmax/Tmax/AUC values (human first). All 489 values are in /api/supplements/vitamin-d.

1. Human Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2000;72(3):690-3. PMID 10966885. doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.3.690 PubMed · DOI · other (two parallel obese vs lean challenge tests: UV-B irradiation, and oral vitamin D2 load), n=38
2. Human Upton RA, Knutson JC, Bishop CW, LeVan LW. Pharmacokinetics of doxercalciferol, a new vitamin D analogue that lowers parathyroid hormone. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2003;18(4):750-8. PMID 12637645. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfg030 PubMed · DOI · other (four open-label studies: A randomized 3-treatment crossover after placebo; B randomized 2-treatment crossover; C single-arm multiple dose; D parallel-group multiple dose), n=22 + 24 + 14 + 17
3. Human Wieder R, Novick SC, Hollis BW, Bryan M, Chanel SM, Owusu K, Camastra D, Saunders T, Pliner L, Harrison J, Bonate P, Williams T, Soignet S. Pharmacokinetics and safety of ILX23-7553, a non-calcemic-vitamin D3 analogue, in a phase I study of patients with advanced malignancies. Investigational new drugs. 2003;21(4):445-52. PMID 14586212. doi:10.1023/a:1026203418976 PubMed · DOI · other (nonrandomized open-label two-center phase I dose escalation, 15 dose levels 1.3–45.0 µg/m2/day), n=42 (PK n=3)
4. Human Cipriani C, Romagnoli E, Pepe J, Russo S, Carlucci L, Piemonte S, Nieddu L, McMahon DJ, Singh R, Minisola S. Long-term bioavailability after a single oral or intramuscular administration of 600,000 IU of ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol: implications for treatment and prophylaxis. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2013;98(7):2709-15. PMID 23766519. doi:10.1210/jc.2013-1586 PubMed · DOI · randomized, prospective intervention, 4 parallel groups (po D2, po D3, im D2, im D3), n=24
5. Human Lehmann U, Hirche F, Stangl GI, Hinz K, Westphal S, Dierkes J. Bioavailability of vitamin D(2) and D(3) in healthy volunteers, a randomized placebo-controlled trial. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2013;98(11):4339-45. PMID 24001747. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-4287 PubMed · DOI · RCT, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel (stratified by BMI), n=119 recruited/randomized; 107 analysed per protocol (7 dropped before start, 5 during)
6. Human Oliveri B, Mastaglia SR, Brito GM, Seijo M, Keller GA, Somoza J, Diez RA, Di Girolamo G. Vitamin D3 seems more appropriate than D2 to sustain adequate levels of 25OHD: a pharmacokinetic approach. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2015;69(6):697-702. PMID 25782422. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.16 PubMed · DOI · randomized parallel-group, placebo-controlled, single-blind, n=33
7. Other animal Hymøller L, Jensen SK. Plasma transport of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol and their 25-hydroxylated metabolites in dairy cows. Domestic animal endocrinology. 2017;59:44-52. PMID 27940098. doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.11.002 PubMed · DOI · parallel (randomized, 5 treatment groups, blocked by parity and baseline 25CHO), n=20
8. Human McCullough P, Heaney R. Correction of vitamin D deficiency using sublingually administered vitamin D2 in a Crohn's disease patient with mal-absorption and a new ileostomy. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2017;173:211-214. PMID 28049025. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.12.021 PubMed · DOI · other (specify): case report / case series, uncontrolled, sequential treatments within patient, n=4
9. Rodent Itkonen ST, Pajula ET, Dowling KG, Hull GL, Cashman KD, Lamberg-Allardt CJ. Poor bioavailability of vitamin D2 from ultraviolet-irradiated D2-rich yeast in rats. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.). 2018;59:36-43. PMID 30442231. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2018.07.008 PubMed · DOI · parallel (randomized/stratified groups; allocation described as stratified), n=54
10. Rodent Baur AC, Brandsch C, Steinmetz B, Schutkowski A, Wensch-Dorendorf M, Stangl GI. Differential effects of vitamin D3 vs vitamin D2 on cellular uptake, tissue distribution and activation of vitamin D in mice and cells. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2020;204:105768. PMID 33035648. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105768 PubMed · DOI · parallel, randomized to three diet groups (n=12 each); plus in vitro cell experiments, n=NR (42 mice obtained; six sacrificed for baseline; three groups of n = 12)
11. Rodent Dutta S, Sudharma AA, Aboo S, Jatavath S, Siginam S, Patil PB, Vadakattu SS, Surekha MV, Reddy GB, Ismail A. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is more efficacious than Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) at regulating calcium absorption and bone quality in rats. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2025;254:106837. PMID 40712802. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2025.106837 PubMed · DOI · parallel, depletion-repletion (randomized dietary groups)

1. HumanWhole egg consumption effects on vitamin D and carotenoids bioavailability in pre- and post-menopausal females: a randomized crossover controlled feeding trial.
   Food Funct, 2026 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
   PMID 42808212DOI 10.1039/d6fo02769e
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:Results: Carotenoids AUC0-10 h in TRL was significantly higher for the CWE than control in both pre-menopausal (104.2 ± 12.4 vs. 29.2 ± 12.4 ng mL-1 × 10 h; p < 0.001) and post-menopausal females (62.7 ± 12.4 vs. 10.1 ± 12.4 ng mL-1 × 10 h; p = 0.003). 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 AUC0-10 h in TRL was also higher with CWE than for the control in the pre-menopausal (1.34 ± 0.55 vs. 0.53 ± 0.55 ng mL-1 × 10 h; p = 0.182) and significantly higher in the post-menopausal (2.70 ± 0.59 vs. 1.03 ± 0.59 ng mL-1 × 10 h; p = 0.015) females.
   • Key findings · abstract:Conclusion: Co-consuming WE with a cooked vegetable meal effectively i[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
   • AUC · abstract:Results: Carotenoids AUC0-10 h in TRL was significantly higher for the CWE than control in both pre-menopausal (104.2 ± 12.4 vs. 29.2 ± 12.4 ng mL-1 × 10 h; p < 0.001) and post-menopausal females (62.7 ± 12.4 vs. 10.1 ± 12.4 ng mL-1 × 10 h; p = 0.003). 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 AUC0-10 h in TRL was also higher with CWE than for the control in the pre-menopausal (1.34 ± 0.55 vs. 0.53 ± 0.55 ng mL-1 × 10 h; p = 0.182) and significantly higher in the post-menopausal (2.70 ± 0.59 vs. 1.03 ± 0.59 ng mL-1 × 10 h; p = 0.015) females.
   • Food effect · abstract:Participants consumed a cooked vegetable meal (primary source of vitamin D and carotenoids) with no egg (control) or 100 g of cooked WE (CWE).
   • Food effect · abstract:The meal provided 27 mg of carotenoids and 600 IU of vitamin D (mainly vitamin D2 from fortified mushrooms) and eggs provided ∼0.5 mg of carotenoids and 80 IU of vitamin D3.
   • Food effect · abstract:Conclusion: Co-consuming WE with a cooked vegetable meal effectively increased the absorption of carotenoids across life stages but not for vitamin D2 from a cooked vegetable meal.
2. HumanPharmacokinetics Modelling Reveals Inconsistency Between the US and European Vitamin D Safety Guidelines.
   Biomedicines, 2026 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 42792716DOI 10.3390/biomedicines14091974PMC13604647 (free full text)
   Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
   • Key findings · abstract:Background: For vitamin D, the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) suggest serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) >125 nmol/L is linked to potential toxicity.
   • Key findings · abstract:We used simulations to explore the serum 25(OH)D pharmacokinetic profiles in children (6-10) and adolescents (11-17).
   • Key findings · abstract:Model simulations suggested the mean should attain serum 25(OH)D > 115 nmol/L among 6-year-old children who take 2000 IU daily, and >125 nmol/L for 11- to 12-year-olds who take 4000 IU daily.
   • Key findings · abstract:We also presented clinical data to demonstrate that 4000 IU daily dosing increased serum 25(OH)
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '4.1. Derivation of the EFSA Safe Upper L':EFSA then applied a 2.5-fold uncertainty factor to obtain the UL of the safe daily dose of 4000 IU for anyone aged over 11 years [4].
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '4.1. Derivation of the EFSA Safe Upper L':For children aged 1–10 years, a 0.5-fold factor was applied to obtain the daily UL at 2000 IU [4].
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '4.2.2. Safe Upper Level of Vitamin D Int':As with the EFSA, they applied a 2.5-fold safety factor to obtain an upper safe level of intake at 4000 IU/day (page 443 in [1]).
   • Form comparison · full text, Section '4.3.1. Serum Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) L':As an extreme example, Dawson-Hughes and colleagues reported marginal reduction in serum PTH among healthy elderly with 25(OH)D over 125 nmol/L (men: 3.24 ± 0.88 pmol/L; women: 3.56 ± 1.17 pmol/L) compared with those with 101–125 nmol/L serum 25(OH)D (men: 3.42 ± 1.75 pmol/L; women: 3.27 ± 1.42 pmol/L), suggesting the cutoff value might be much higher than 125 nmol/L [34].
3. HumanKinetics and concentrations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D using different vitamin D repletion regimens.
   Osteoporos Int, 2026 · Design: randomized · n: 60 adults · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
   PMID 41369768DOI 10.1007/s00198-025-07782-w
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:At baseline, group A had a slightly higher mean 25(OH)D level than group B (21.0 vs 16.9 ng/mL, p-value 0.03) as well as at week 36 (47.7 vs 40.2 ng/mL, p-value 0.007); otherwise, there were no significant differences between the groups at any other time points.
4. HumanVitamin D3, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Uptake in Cultured Human Mature Adipocytes.
   Nutrients, 2025 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 40647210DOI 10.3390/nu17132107PMC12251007 (free full text)
   Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
   • Key findings · abstract:However, the kinetics of its uptake, release, and interaction with its major metabolites, 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, remain poorly understood.
   • Key findings · abstract:Results: Vitamin D3 uptake showed a gradual and sustained increase over 96 h, suggesting ongoing accumulation within lipid-rich compartments.
   • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.5. Uptake of Vitamin D3, 25(OH)D3, and':Vitamin D3 showed a 91.8% increase in accumulation at 96 h compared to a 71.0% decrease in 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations.
5. HumanPharmacokinetic modeling of prenatal vitamin D exposure and the impact on offspring asthma and pulmonary function.
   Biomed Pharmacother, 2025 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 39874780DOI 10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117859PMC11866507 (free full text)PDF
   Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
   • Key findings · abstract:Therefore, we used the combined data from two large RCTs investigating prenatal vitamin D supplementation, which included early and late prenatal 25(OH)D measurements, to refine a population pharmacokinetic model of vitamin D-25(OH)D and estimate individual area under the curve (AUC) Z-scores.
   • Key findings · abstract:We found that clearance of 25(OH)D increased with gestational age and bodyweight, and decreased with higher baseline 25(OH)D levels.
   • Key findings · abstract:Prenatal 25(OH)D AUC Z-scores were negatively associated with asthma/wheezing at age 3 years (aOR = 0.75, 95 % CI = 0.64-0.88, p < 0.001) and 6 years (aOR = 0.83, 95 %
   • AUC · abstract:Therefore, we used the combined data from two large RCTs investigating prenatal vitamin D supplementation, which included early and late prenatal 25(OH)D measurements, to refine a population pharmacokinetic model of vitamin D-25(OH)D and estimate individual area under the curve (AUC) Z-scores.
   • AUC · abstract:Prenatal 25(OH)D AUC Z-scores were negatively associated with asthma/wheezing at age 3 years (aOR = 0.75, 95 % CI = 0.64-0.88, p < 0.001) and 6 years (aOR = 0.83, 95 % CI = 0.72-0.95, p = 0.008).
   • AUC · abstract:Longitudinal analysis of lung function from age 6-8 years showed that AUC Z-scores were positively associ
   • AUC · full text, Table 3:Prenatal 25(OH)D area under the curve (AUC) Z-scores and childhood asthma or recurrent wheeze by offspring age 3 and 6 years. Exposure Asthma or recurrent wheeze By age 3 years By age 6 years aOR (95 %CI) p-value aOR (95 %CI) p-value 25(OH)D AUC Z-score 0.75 (0.64–0.88) <
   • AUC · full text, Table 4:Prenatal 25(OH)D area under the curve (AUC) Z-scores and offspring lung function trajectories from age 6–8 years. Exposure Spirometry FEV1 FVC FEV1/FVC ratio FEF25–75 % β (95 %CI) p-value β (95 %CI) p-value β (95 %CI) p-value β (95 %CI) p-value 25(OH)D AUC Z-score
   • AUC · full text, Section 'Primary clinical outcome':After excluding 14 subjects (1.1 %) with outlier AUC Z-scores (<−3 and >3), 1319 (VDAART: n = 750, COPSAC: n = 569) mother-child pairs were included in the analysis of the primary outcome.
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Baseline characteristics':Baseline characteristics between included and excluded subjects were similar in both cohorts, except for a higher prevalence of premature birth among the excluded subjects compared to the included ones in VDAART (6.7 % vs 47.6 %, Supplementary Tables S1 and S2).
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Primary clinical outcome':Compared to mothers in the lowest quartile (AUC Z-score −2.1 to −0.7, corresponding to a mean gestational 25(OH)D of 12–24 ng/mL), those in the highest 25(OH)D AUC Z-score quartile (AUC Z-score 0.7–3.0, corresponding to mean gestational 25(OH)D of 36–55 ng/mL) had 56 % lower odds of offspring asthma or recurrent wheeze by age 3 years (aOR = 0.44, 95 %CI = 0.28–0.68, p < 0.001) and 41 % (aOR = 0.59
   • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Secondary clinical outcome':The most pronounced difference was observed for FEF25–75 %, with offspring in the highest prenatal AUC Z-score quartile showing 4.8 % higher FEF25–75 % compared to the lowest quartile from age 6–8 years (89 mL, 1.86 L vs. 1.94 L, p = 0.038).
6. HumanPhysiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Schoolchildren Receiving Weekly Oral Vitamin D3 Supplementation.
   Nutrients, 2025 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 41097106DOI 10.3390/nu17193028PMC12525942 (free full text)
   Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
   • Key findings · abstract:Background: Following vitamin D3 oral administration, attained serum concentrations of its metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) are variable among children.
   • Key findings · abstract:Methods: We developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling using annually measured serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations in 77 Cape Town schoolchildren aged 6-11 years who received weekly oral doses of 10,000 IU vitamin D3 for 3 years during a clinical trial (Δ25(OH)D = 32.2 nmol/L, 95% CI: [-3.2, 65.8] nmol/L).
   • Key findings · abstract:Our simulation supported the previous proposal that serum 25(OH)D3 should exceed 50 nmol/L among 97.5% of Eur[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
   • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section '3.5. Comparing Trials in Cape Town and U':To test whether this might be attributed to a higher clearance rate among the Mongolian children alone, we increased CLmax to 0.048 h−1 (i.e., 4-fold).
   • Form comparison · full text, Section '4.4. How Does Race Affect Serum 25(OH)D?':The same study also estimated both sunlight and diet were 46% less effective in raising the 25(OH)D levels of participants with high African ancestry, as compared to those with low African ancestry [29].
7. HumanVitamin D3 encapsulated in brewer's spent yeast through vacuum biosorption: Studies on the sorption isotherm, release kinetics into the gastrointestinal system, and colon fermentation.
   Food Res Int, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
   PMID 40467200DOI 10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116597
   Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
   • Key findings · abstract:When in vitro gastrointestinal simulations were tested, BSY particles effectively protected vitamin D3 during the oral and gastric phases, with a significant release (69.14 %) occurring in the intestinal phase, the site of absorption.
8. HumanRapid and dose-dependent increase of 25(OH)D levels after calcifediol supplementation in a woman with obesity, chronic liver disease, and osteoporosis.
   Arch Endocrinol Metab, 2025 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 41123175DOI 10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0428PMC12548575 (free full text)PDF
   Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
   • Key findings · abstract:Nonetheless, the vitamin D serum concentration rose to 80 ng/mL by the third month, prompting discontinuation of the drug and levels gradually decreased to 28 ng/mL over 2.5 months.
   • Key findings · abstract:Upon the administration of calcifediol at 10 mcg three times a week, serum levels stabilized at 35 ng/mL.
   • Key findings · abstract:Calcifediol offers several advantages over cholecalciferol, including better intestinal absorption, bypassing the need for hepatic hydroxylation, and a more rapid increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels.
9. HumanPopulation Pharmacokinetic Model of Vitamin D3 and Metabolites in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Vitamin D Insufficiency and Deficiency.
   Int J Mol Sci, 2024 · Design: not stated · n: n = 29 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
   PMID 39596344DOI 10.3390/ijms252212279PMC11595143 (free full text)
   Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
10. HumanThe pharmacokinetic differences between 10- and 15-μg daily vitamin D doses.
    Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2024 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 38926090DOI 10.1111/bcp.16146
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Here, we aim to compare the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum concentration profiles between the 2 doses.
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: With world-wide trial data of adults aged ≥18 years, 45-93 kg, we constructed a minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetics model of serum concentrations of vitamin D and 25(OH)D using nonlinear mixed effects modelling.
    • Key findings · abstract:We used this model to forecast the mean, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles for serum 25(OH)D concentrations in British adults aged ≥16 years.
    • Key findings · abstract:The daily dose of 15 μg can help 97.5% of the British adults achieve 50 nmol/L serum 25(OH)D and reach the 25 nmol/L[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
11. HumanPancreatic Enzyme Replacement Leads to Increased Vitamin D Uptake in Patients Undergoing Sleeve-gastrectomy - A Prospective, Monocentric Trial.
    Obes Surg, 2024 · Design: randomized · n: 204 patients · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 39373815DOI 10.1007/s11695-024-07526-5PMC11541308 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
12. HumanImpact of BMI on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D with calcifediol supplementation in young adults: a longitudinal study.
    Endocrine, 2024 · Design: not stated · n: n = 883 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 38861119DOI 10.1007/s12020-024-03895-0
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The rise in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations following cholecalciferol supplementation is suboptimal, owing to adipose tissue sequestration and/or volumetric dilution.
    • Key findings · abstract:MATERIAL AND METHODS: Adults with serum concentrations of 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL were recruited and stratified as normal, overweight, or obese using WHO criteria.
    • Key findings · abstract:A subset of participants was supplemented with 50 µg calcifediol (n = 193) and assessed for the rise in serum concentrations of 25(OH)D at 3- and 6-months following supplementation.
    • Key findings · abstract:There were no significant baseline differences in serum concentrati[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
13. HumanInfluence of food matrix delivery system on the bioavailability of vitamin D3: A randomized crossover trial in postmenopausal women.
    Nutrition, 2023 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 36563435DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111911PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:We measured changes in serum concentrations of vitamin D3 (D3) postprandially for 24 h in response to the intake of 500 mL of different food matrices with 200 µg D3 added compared with a control (500 mL of water).
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: D3 with WPI in juice did not enhance area under the curve (AUC) of serum D3 compared with juice without WPI (370 nmol ×  24 h/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 321-419 versus 357 nmol ×  24 h/L; 95% CI, 308-406 nmol ×  24 h/L;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Key findings · abstract:However, compared with juice, the AUC was significantly higher in response to the intake of D3 in milk (452 nmol ×  24 h/L; 95% CI, 402-502 nmol ×[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:RESULTS: D3 with WPI in juice did not enhance area under the curve (AUC) of serum D3 compared with juice without WPI (370 nmol ×  24 h/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 321-419 versus 357 nmol ×  24 h/L; 95% CI, 308-406 nmol ×  24 h/L;
    • AUC · abstract:However, compared with juice, the AUC was significantly higher in response to the intake of D3 in milk (452 nmol ×  24 h/L; 95% CI, 402-502 nmol ×  24 h/L) and water with D3 (479 nmol ×  24 h/L; 95% CI, 430-527 nmol ×  24 h/L;
    • Food effect · abstract:We measured changes in serum concentrations of vitamin D3 (D3) postprandially for 24 h in response to the intake of 500 mL of different food matrices with 200 µg D3 added compared with a control (500 mL of water).
    • Cmax · full text, p.1:://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; AUC, Area under the curve; CI, Introduction Confidence interval; Cmax, Maximum concentration; CV, Coefficient of variation; D3, Vitamin D3; DFORT, Vitamin D with enhanced bioavailability; LOQ, Level of Vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) quantification; WPI, Whey protein isolate D] concentratio
    • Cmax · full text, p.2:D. applicable Using the approach of null hypothesis [29], we hypothesized that *Danish recommendations for females. y maximum observed concentration (Cmax) of D3 post-dosing as well Only drugs used by
      10% of participants are reported z When the weather allows for sun exposure. as the absorption profile are independent of the food matrix by which D3 is delivered, specifically testing whether additio
    • Cmax · full text, p.4:4 R. Espersen et al. / Nutrition 107 (2023) 111911 Outcomes The (co-)primary end points were Cmax and AUC of D3. Secondary end points included serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Other prespecified outcomes included the influence of body fat percentage, dietary hab- its, and sun habits. Biochemistry For screening and bas
    • AUC · full text, p.1:h intervention day, blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h. 25-hydroxyvitamin D Results: D3 with WPI in juice did not enhance area under the curve (AUC) of serum D3 compared with juice Vitamin D deficiency without WPI (370 nmol £ 24 h/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 321
      419 versus 357 nmol £ 24 h/L; 95% CI, Vitamin D insufficiency 308
      406 nmol £ 24 h/L; P = 0.65). However, co
    • AUC · full text, p.2:to May 2019 and from December 2019 to May at
      20°C. Immediately before interventions B, C, and D, 1 mL was added to the 2020. The study had Cmax and area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) of juice, milk, or water, respectively. For intervention A, 1 mL of D3 solution and 9 mL D3 as prespecified coprimary outcomes. The study was performed in accordance of apple juice were added to a centrifug
    • AUC · full text, p.4:4 R. Espersen et al. / Nutrition 107 (2023) 111911 Outcomes The (co-)primary end points were Cmax and AUC of D3. Secondary end points included serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Other prespecified outcomes included the influence of body fat percentage, dietary hab- its, and sun habits. Biochemistry For screening and baseline st
    • Food effect · full text, p.2:33) NA fortification, but other foods like margarine, ready-to-eat cereals, counter) analgesics and fruit juices are also used [10,18,19]. Measured by fasting serum Antihypertensive drugs 30 8 (27) NA 25(OH)D concentrations, the bioavailability of vitamin D in forti- Cholesterol-lowering drugs 30 7 (23) NA fied foods is equal to that in supplementations [20
      24]. To the Acetylsalicylic acid 30 3 (10)
    • Food effect · full text, p.3:D E C A B 9: B A C E D Blood samples (10 mL serum and 10 mL EDTA plasma) were drawn 2, 4, 6, 8, 5: E A D B C 10: C B D A E 10, 12, and 24 h after the fasting blood sample (0 h). Blood samples were prepared by placing them at room temperature for 30 min, followed by centrifugation at The participants were randomly allocated to an intervention sequence using 4000g for 10 min at 4°C. The serum and pl
    • Form comparison · full text, p.1:ncentrations of vitamin D3 (D3) postprandially Vitamin D for 24 h in response to the intake of 500 mL of different food matrices with 200 mg D3 added compared with a Cholecalciferol control (500 mL of water). Foods included apple juice with whey protein isolate (WPI), apple juice, semi-skim Fortified foods milk, and water (with D3). The food matrices were provided in a randomized order with
      10-d w
    • Form comparison · full text, p.4:3, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 using a multiple reaction monitoring- based mass spectrometry method as described in detail by Lindahl et al. [28]. CVs were 13% for D3 at 7.5 nmol/L, 17.5% for 25(OH)D3 at 50 nmol/L, and 20.5% for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 at 12.5 nmol/L. The analyses were performed on an 8050 triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) coupled to a Nexera X2 liqu
    • Form comparison · full text, p.5:[34]. The authors found a signifi- ciency decreased from 97% (28 of 29) to 25% (7 of 28) during the cantly higher bioavailability of D3 in sponge cake compared with same period (P < 0.0001). The seven participants who did not biscuits and concluded that food structure influenced the absorp- achieve sufficiency status (non-responders) had a lower baseline tion of D3 in 12 healthy men. Other randomized
14. HumanNovel Approach for the Approximation of Vitamin D3 Pharmacokinetics from In Vivo Absorption Studies.
    Pharmaceutics, 2023 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 36986644DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030783PMC10052077 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:The determined AUC value for liposomal vitamin D3 formulation was four times bigger than that for the oily formulation.
    • AUC · abstract:The determined AUC value for liposomal vitamin D3 formulation was four times bigger than that for the oily formulation.
    • Food effect · full text, Section '2.5. Clinical Studies and Quantification':Following a 12 h fasting, each volunteer was given 10,000 IU of vitamin D3, either in the liposomal or oily formulation.
15. HumanDeveloping New Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges Complexes to Improve Vitamin D Absorption in an In Vitro Study.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2023 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 36982396DOI 10.3390/ijms24065322PMC10049479 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Several human diseases depend on low vitamin D3 (human isoform) serum level, and supplementation is necessary.
    • Key findings · abstract:However, vitamin D3 has poor bioavailability, and several strategies are tested to increase its absorption.
    • Key findings · abstract:Subsequently, in vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the biological activity of Vitamin D3 complexed in the nanosponges on intestinal cells and assess its bioavailability without cytotoxic effect.
    • Key findings · abstract:The Vitamin D3 complexes enhance cellular activity at the intestinal level and improve its bioavailability.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '4.5. Cell Viability':The absorbance was analyzed by spectrophotometer (Infinite 200 Pro MPlex, Tecan, Männedorf, Switzerland) at 570 nm with correction at 690 nm, and results were expressed compared to the control (0% line), which represented untreated cells.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '4.10. Lipid Peroxidation Activity':The concentration was compared to a standard curve (range 0–50 µM) and the results were then compared to the control (0% line), which represented untreated cells.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '4.12. Claudin 1 Detection':The concentration was compared to the standard curve (range from 0 to 1000 pg/mL) and the results were then compared to the control (0% line), which represented untreated cells.
16. HumanSerum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D supplementation using different lipid delivery systems in middle-aged and older adults: a randomised controlled trial.
    Br J Nutr, 2023 · Design: randomized · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 36912075DOI 10.1017/S0007114523000636PMC10551469 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum was collected at baseline and post-intervention to measure 25(OH)D concentrations and biomarkers of metabolic health.
17. HumanMetabolism and pharmacokinetics of vitamin D in patients with cystic fibrosis.
    J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2023 · Design: not stated · n: N = 83 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 37217104DOI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106332PMC10524963 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In a cross-sectional study, serum from participants with CF (N = 83) and frequency-matched healthy control subjects by age and race (N = 82) were analyzed for: 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamins D2 and D3 (1α,25(OH)2D2 and 1α,25(OH)2D3), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3), 4β,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (4β,25(OH)2D3), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-3-sulfate (25(OH)D3-S), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-3-glucuronide (25(OH)D3-G).
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum was analyzed for d6-25(OH)D3 and d6-24,25(OH)2D3, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated.
    • Key findings · abstract:In the cross-sectional study, participants with CF had simila[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
18. HumanIntestinal Calcium Absorption Decreases After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Despite Optimization of Vitamin D Status.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2023 · Design: stable-isotope · n: 35 women · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 36196648DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgac579PMC10091486 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Concurrently, median 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level increased from 60 (50-82) pg/mL to 86 (72-107) pg/mL (P < 0.01), without significant changes in parathyroid hormone or 24-hour urinary calcium levels.
    • Key findings · abstract:Those with lower postoperative FCA had greater areal BMD loss at the total hip (ρ = 0.45, P < 0.01).
19. HumanPharmacokinetics of Oral Vitamin D in Children with Obesity and Asthma.
    Clin Pharmacokinet, 2023 · Design: randomized · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 37646988DOI 10.1007/s40262-023-01285-9PMC10582143 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:Participants had a serum 25(OH)D concentration between 10 and < 30 ng/mL at baseline.
    • Key findings · abstract:Using serial serum 25(OH)D sampling over 28 weeks, we created a population pharmacokinetic model and performed dosing simulations to achieve 25(OH)D concentrations ≥ 40 ng/mL.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: Obesity impacts vitamin D clearance and the half-life, but serum concentrations > 40 ng/mL can be reached in most children using a loading dose of 50,000 IU followed by a daily dose of 8000 IU.
20. HumanOrganic Synthesis of New Secosteroids from Fucosterol, Its Intestinal Absorption by Caco-2 Cells, and Simulation of the Biological Activities of Vitamin D.
    Mar Drugs, 2023 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 37888475DOI 10.3390/md21100540PMC10608315 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:We previously examined the cellular uptake of six types of vitamin D in human intestinal Caco-2 cells.
    • Key findings · abstract:We investigated the intestinal absorption of these compounds using Caco-2 cells cultured in Transwells and compared the results with vitamin D3, a representative secosteroid.
    • Key findings · abstract:The intestinal absorption of compound 4 was comparable to that of vitamin D3.
    • Key findings · abstract:Compound 3 showed similar uptake levels but transported about half as much as vitamin D3.
21. HumanA comparative absorption study of sucrosomial® orodispersible vitamin D3 supplementation vs. a reference chewable tablet and soft gel capsule vitamin D3 in improving circulatory 25(OH)D levels in healthy adults with vitamin D deficiency-Results from a prospective randomized clinical trial.
    Front Nutr, 2023 · Design: randomized · n: 25 subjects · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 37662595DOI 10.3389/fnut.2023.1221685PMC10469777 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:However, the gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of Vit D3 in different formulations has not been well studied.
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the absorption of an innovative phospholipids-sucrester matrix biodelivery vehicle-based (sucrosomial®) orodispersible Vit D3 preparation against a reference chewable tablet and soft gel capsule (SGC) Vit D3 formulations in Vit D-deficient healthy adults.
    • Key findings · abstract:Overall, at all three follow-ups, sucrosomial® Vit D3 treatment achieved significantly higher and sustained 25(OH)D levels (p < 0.001).
    • Key findings · abstract:In study 2, after 4 weeks, both Vit D3 treatment groups showed[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.2.1. Study 1':After 2 weeks of Vit D3 treatment, both groups showed a significant increase in the serum 25(OH)D levels (p < 0.0001) but rose substantially higher in the sucrosomial® Vit D3 group, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.0003), i.e. sucrosomial® Vit D3: from baseline mean ± SEM 9.6 ± 0.7 to 78.8 ± 7.1 ng/ml vs. chewable tablet Vit D3: from baseline 12.8 ± 1.0 to
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.2.2. Study 2':Although after 4 weeks follow-up, serum 25(OH)D levels increased significantly from the baseline in both treatment groups (p < 0.0001) but rose markedly higher in the sucrosomial® Vit D3 group, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.02) i.e. sucrosomial® Vit D3: from baseline mean ± SEM 11.6 ± 0.8 to 47.8 ± 5.3 ng/ml vs.
22. HumanEfficacy, safety, and dose-response effects of calcifediol supplementation on 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy adults: An open-label, interventional pilot study.
    Indian J Pharmacol, 2023 · Design: clinical trial · n: 64 participants · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 37929406DOI 10.4103/ijp.ijp_873_22PMC10751521 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) fails to attain sufficient serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in a significant proportion of supplemented individuals.
    • Key findings · abstract:Calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) is less studied in healthy adults and its effects on 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) at higher doses are not well known.
    • Key findings · abstract:The mean serum 25(OH)D was 84.0 ± 27.7 ng/ml in the 50 μg-group and 58.0 ± 23.6 ng/ml in the 25 μg-group group at 4 weeks, which later rose to 94.3 ± 21.8 ng/ml and 76.0 ± 16.4 ng/ml, respectively, at 8 weeks.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Results':The change in serum concentration of 25(OH)D was significantly higher in the 50 μg-group as compared to the 25 μg-group at 4 weeks (P = 0.0002) and 8 weeks (P = 0.03).
23. HumanBioavailability by design - Vitamin D3 liposomal delivery vehicles.
    Nanomedicine, 2022 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (green)
    PMID 35346834DOI 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102552PMC8957331 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Isothermal titration calorimetry and computer simulations show that vitamin D3 molecules cannot leave the hydrophobic environment, indicating that their absorption is predominantly driven by the digestion of the delivery vehicle.
    • Key findings · abstract:The results obtained show that liposomal vitamin D3 causes a rapid increase in the plasma concentration of calcidiol.
    • Food effect · full text, Section 'Clinical studies and quantification of v':Following a 12 h fasting, each volunteer consumed 10,000 IU of vitamin D3 either in the liposomal or oily formulation.
    • Food effect · full text, Section 'Clinical studies':Healthy volunteers consumed an equal amount of vitamin D3 preceded by 12 h fasting.
24. HumanComparative Bioavailability Study of a New Vitamin D3 Orodispersible Film Versus a Marketed Oral Solution in Healthy Volunteers.
    Clin Drug Investig, 2022 · Design: randomized · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 35034345DOI 10.1007/s40261-021-01113-7PMC8761109 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:This study aimed to compare the bioavailability of a single dose of a vitamin D3 25000 I.U.
    • Key findings · abstract:The primary objective was bioavailability under fed conditions, defined as maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 25(OH)D3 and area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time t, the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-t).
    • Key findings · abstract:Under fed conditions, mean 25(OH)D3 plasma values for Cmax were 6.68 ± 2.03 versus 6.61 ± 2.62 ng/mL for the Test versus Reference formulations.
    • Key findings · abstract:Corresponding values for AUC0-t were 2364.80 ± 1336.97 versus 2150.52 ± 1622.76 ng/mL × h.
    • Key findings · abstract:Mean Cmax was slightly lo[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:The primary objective was bioavailability under fed conditions, defined as maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 25(OH)D3 and area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time t, the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-t).
    • Cmax · abstract:Under fed conditions, mean 25(OH)D3 plasma values for Cmax were 6.68 ± 2.03 versus 6.61 ± 2.62 ng/mL for the Test versus Reference formulations.
    • Cmax · abstract:Mean Cmax was slightly lower (6.68 ± 2.03 vs 7.23 ± 1.48 ng/mL) and the time to reach peak concentration was delayed (144 h [36-312] versus 42 h (2-480]) with the ODF under fed versus fasting conditions (p = 0.03
    • AUC · abstract:The primary objective was bioavailability under fed conditions, defined as maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 25(OH)D3 and area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time t, the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-t).
    • AUC · abstract:Corresponding values for AUC0-t were 2364.80 ± 1336.97 versus 2150.52 ± 1622.76 ng/mL × h.
    • Food effect · abstract:The primary objective was bioavailability under fed conditions, defined as maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 25(OH)D3 and area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time t, the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-t).
    • Food effect · abstract:The pharmacokinetics of 25(OH)D3 were also evaluated following the ODF administration under fasting conditions.
    • Food effect · abstract:ODF or the Reference oral solution under fed conditions or the vitamin D3 ODF under fasting conditions.
    • Food effect · abstract:Under fed conditions, mean 25(OH)D3 plasma values for Cmax were 6.68 ± 2.03 versus 6.61 ± 2.62 ng/mL for the Test versus Reference formulat
    • Cmax · full text, Table 4:Statistical comparison of baseline-corrected 25(OH)D3 pharmacokinetic parameters Treatment comparison Parameter PE, % 90% CI Testfed vs Referencefed Cmax 104.95 83.91–131.25 AUC0−t 124.60 84.84–183.00 AUC0–∞ 110.14 55.39–218.98a Testfed vs Testfast Cmax 90.11 77.21–105.17 AUC0−t 106.34 76.78–147.28 AUC0–∞ 101.60 56.55–182.53a
    • Cmax · full text, Section 'Pharmacokinetics':Under fed conditions, the mean baseline-corrected 25(OH)D3 plasma values for Cmax were 6.68 ± 2.03 versus 6.61 ± 2.62 ng/mL for the ODF Test formulation versus the Reference oral solution.
    • Cmax · full text, Section 'Pharmacokinetics':For the ODF Test formulation under fasting conditions, the mean baseline-corrected 25(OH)D3 plasma values for Cmax and AUC0−t were 7.23 ± 1.48 ng/mL and 2244.38 ± 1144.26 ng/mL × h (Table 3).
    • AUC · full text, Table 4:f baseline-corrected 25(OH)D3 pharmacokinetic parameters Treatment comparison Parameter PE, % 90% CI Testfed vs Referencefed Cmax 104.95 83.91–131.25 AUC0−t 124.60 84.84–183.00 AUC0–∞ 110.14 55.39–218.98a Testfed vs Testfast Cmax 90.11 77.21–105.17 AUC0−t 106.34 76.78–147.28 AUC0–∞ 101.60 56.55–182.53a
    • AUC · full text, Section 'Pharmacokinetics':Corresponding values for AUC0−t were 2364.80 ± 1336.97 versus 2150.52 ± 1622.76 ng/mL × h for the Test versus Reference formulations.
    • AUC · full text, Section 'Pharmacokinetics':AUC0–∞ was 4247.21 ± 3903.59 versus 3582.27 ± 3144.33 ng/mL × h for the Test versus Reference formulations.
    • Food effect · full text, Section 'Randomisation, Treatment Assignment, Ass':The subjects allocated to Testfast received the vitamin D3 ODF under prolonged fasting conditions (from 10-h pre-dose to 5-h post-dose), while the subjects allocated to Testfed and Referencefed received their treatment 30 min after having started to eat a light breakfast.
    • Food effect · full text, Section 'Pharmacokinetics':Under fed conditions, the mean baseline-corrected 25(OH)D3 plasma values for Cmax were 6.68 ± 2.03 versus 6.61 ± 2.62 ng/mL for the ODF Test formulation versus the Reference oral solution.
    • Food effect · full text, Section 'Pharmacokinetics':For the ODF Test formulation under fasting conditions, the mean baseline-corrected 25(OH)D3 plasma values for Cmax and AUC0−t were 7.23 ± 1.48 ng/mL and 2244.38 ± 1144.26 ng/mL × h (Table 3).
    • Form comparison · full text, Table 4:Statistical comparison of baseline-corrected 25(OH)D3 pharmacokinetic parameters Treatment comparison Parameter PE, % 90% CI Testfed vs Referencefed Cmax 104.95 83.91–131.25 AUC0−t 124.60 84.84–183.00 AUC0–∞ 110.14 55.39–218.98a Testfed vs Testfast Cmax 90.11 77.21–105.17 AUC0−t 106.34 76.78–147.28 AUC0–∞ 101.60 56.55–182.53a
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Pharmacokinetics':Under fed conditions, the mean baseline-corrected 25(OH)D3 plasma values for Cmax were 6.68 ± 2.03 versus 6.61 ± 2.62 ng/mL for the ODF Test formulation versus the Reference oral solution.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Pharmacokinetics':Corresponding values for AUC0−t were 2364.80 ± 1336.97 versus 2150.52 ± 1622.76 ng/mL × h for the Test versus Reference formulations.
25. HumanPhysiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Vitamin D3 and Metabolites in Vitamin D-Insufficient Patients.
    Drug Metab Dispos, 2022 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 35779863DOI 10.1124/dmd.121.000609PMC9450961 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In this study, patients with 25(OH)D3 plasma concentrations below 30 ng/ml were studied after a single dose of 5000 I.U.
    • Key findings · abstract:(125 µg) cholecalciferol, provided with 5000 I.U. daily cholecalciferol supplementation until vitamin D replete [25(OH)D3 plasma concentrations above 30 ng/ml], and had serial plasma samples were collected at each phase for 14 days.
    • Key findings · abstract:The stimulatory and inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 were incorporated by fold-changes in the primary metabolic enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1, respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:Incorporation of dynamic adipose partition coefficients for vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 a[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The stimulatory and inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 were incorporated by fold-changes in the primary metabolic enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1, respectively.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Measures of model predictions agreed well with data from metabolites, with 97%, 88%, and 98% of the data for 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3, respectively, within twofold of unity (fold error values between 0.5 and 2.0).
26. HumanStudy of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol (Vitamin D): Modeled optical properties and optical detection using absorption and Raman spectroscopy.
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2022 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 34929622DOI 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120725
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In this article Vitamin D optical properties are studied by density functional theory calculations, compared to reported data, and the new calculated and measured D2 and D3 optical absorption lines are presented, as well as the calculations compared with spectral measurements of optical transmission, FTIR ATR and Raman spectra.
27. HumanImpact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on vitamin D absorption in cystic fibrosis patients.
    Pediatr Pulmonol, 2022 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 34859619DOI 10.1002/ppul.25781
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:This study was designed to determine if serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were impacted by initiation of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA).
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured before and 1 year post-ELX/TEZ/IVA initiation.
    • Key findings · abstract:The median increase of serum vitamin D concentration after initiating ELX/TEZ/IVA was 5 ng/ml (interquartile range = -4, 13; p = .0035).
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that ELX/TEZ/IVA may improve fat-soluble vitamin absorption, specifically serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
28. HumanMonthly Increase in Vitamin D Levels upon Supplementation with 2000 IU/Day in Healthy Volunteers: Result from "Integriamoci", a Pilot Pharmacokinetic Study.
    Molecules, 2022 · Design: not stated · n: 21 healthy volunteers · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 35164307DOI 10.3390/molecules27031042PMC8840528 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma VD levels were measured through liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry after 7, 14, and 28 days of supplementation.
29. HumanPlacental uptake and metabolism of 25(OH)vitamin D determine its activity within the fetoplacental unit.
    Elife, 2022 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 35256050DOI 10.7554/eLife.71094PMC8903835 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:We demonstrate active placental uptake of 25(OH)D3 by endocytosis, placental metabolism of 25(OH)D3 into 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3], with subsequent release of these metabolites into both the maternal and fetal circulations.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '25(OH)D3 is taken up by the human placen':Placental CYP24A1 gene expression (which is induced by 1,25(OH)2D3) was significantly increased following perfusion with 13C-25(OH)D3 compared with control (Figure 1h), providing further evidence that 25(OH)D3 is converted to active 1,25(OH)2D3 by 1α-hydroxylase in human placenta.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Short-term 25(OH)D3 exposure leads to tr':Using a 5% false discovery rate (FDR), we observed 493 genes to be differentially expressed between 25(OH)D3-treated compared to control placental fragments (358 increased and 135 decreased;
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Illumina 850K DNA methylation':Methylation data as β-values were normalized and differentially methylated CpGs were identified by a Wilcoxon signed-rank test with control versus vitamin D treated using a 10% change cutoff.
30. HumanEfficacy of plain cholecalciferol versus ergocalciferol in raising serum vitamin D level in Thai female healthcare workers.
    Osteoporos Sarcopenia, 2022 · Design: randomized · n: N = 43 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 36605166DOI 10.1016/j.afos.2022.12.001PMC9805961 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Venous blood sample was collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months for serum 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone and calcium.
    • Key findings · abstract:Improvement was significantly greater with cholecalciferol (P = 0.018).
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: Daily cholecalciferol supplementation resulted in a larger increase in serum 25(OH)D level during the first 6 months comparing to weekly ergocalciferol.
    • Key findings · abstract:While vitamin D3 could increase serum 25(OH)D level in all participants, vitamin D2 could not do so in participants without vitamin D deficiency.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Initial visit':Inorganic phosphate level was higher in vitamin D2 group (3.74 ± 0.43 vs. 3.51 ± 0.48 mg/dL (P = 0.022)).Table 2Serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, total calcium and intact parathyroid hormone level at baseline, 6 months and 12 months.Table 2VariablesGroupsTotal (N = 83)Vitamin D2 (N = 43)Vitamin D3 (N = 40)(Mean ± SD or N (%))(Mean ± SD or N (%))(Mean ± SD or N (%))PInitial visit25(OH)D, ng/mL17.26
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Six-month follow-up':The 25(OH)D level was significantly higher in vitamin D3 group (P = 0.002), so did the improvement in 25(OH)D level (4.68 ± 7.33 ng/mL in vitamin D2 group vs 8.46 ± 6.31 ng/mL in vitamin D3 group (P = 0.018)).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Twelve month follow-up':Vitamin D3 group had higher 25(OH)D levels (21.76 ± 4.78 ng/mL vs 26.32 ± 6.29 ng/mL (P = 0.002)).
31. HumanBioequivalence for a Fixed-Dose Combination Formulation of Bazedoxifene and Cholecalciferol Compared With the Corresponding Single Entities Given Together.
    Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev, 2021 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: 52 healthy subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 34190419DOI 10.1002/cpdd.958
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The results, the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (90%CIs), of bazedoxifene Cmax and AUC0-t for FDC to single entities given together were 0.98 (0.91-1.05) and 1.02 (0.97-1.07), respectively.
    • Key findings · abstract:The GMRs (90%CIs) of cholecalciferol Cmax and AUC0-t for FDC to single entities given together were 0.96 (0.91-1.00) and 0.94 (0.90-0.99), respectively.
    • Cmax · abstract:The results, the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (90%CIs), of bazedoxifene Cmax and AUC0-t for FDC to single entities given together were 0.98 (0.91-1.05) and 1.02 (0.97-1.07), respectively.
    • Cmax · abstract:The GMRs (90%CIs) of cholecalciferol Cmax and AUC0-t for FDC to single entities given together were 0.96 (0.91-1.00) and 0.94 (0.90-0.99), respectively.
    • AUC · abstract:The results, the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (90%CIs), of bazedoxifene Cmax and AUC0-t for FDC to single entities given together were 0.98 (0.91-1.05) and 1.02 (0.97-1.07), respectively.
    • AUC · abstract:The GMRs (90%CIs) of cholecalciferol Cmax and AUC0-t for FDC to single entities given together were 0.96 (0.91-1.00) and 0.94 (0.90-0.99), respectively.
32. HumanMechanisms of absorption of vitamin D3 delivered in protein nanoparticles in the absence and presence of fat.
    Food Funct, 2021 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 34100469DOI 10.1039/d0fo02206c
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Following in vitro digestion, VD3 retention and bioaccessibility were high (∼90% and ∼70%, respectively) in all formulations.
    • Key findings · abstract:VD3 uptake by Caco-2 cells was three-fold higher (p < 0.005) in the non-fat yoghurt enriched with VD3 in rCM compared with enriched fat-containing yoghurts.
    • Key findings · abstract:SR-BI, CD36 and NPC1L1 transporters were involved in VD3 absorption irrespective of the composition.
    • Key findings · abstract:Thus, our findings demonstrate that protein nanovehicles may improve VD3 bioavailability, without altering its absorption mechanism compared to that from fat.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:VD3 uptake by Caco-2 cells was three-fold higher (p < 0.005) in the non-fat yoghurt enriched with VD3 in rCM compared with enriched fat-containing yoghurts.
33. HumanPersonalise vitamin D3 using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling.
    CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol, 2021 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 33960722DOI 10.1002/psp4.12640PMC8302240 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma concentration of vitamin D3 metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 ) is variable among individuals.
    • Key findings · abstract:We collated vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 plasma PK data from reported clinical trials and developed a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to appropriately recapitulate training data.
    • Key findings · abstract:Model predictions were then qualified with 25(OH)D3 plasma PKs under vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 dose regimens distinct from training data.
    • Key findings · abstract:From data exploration, we observed the increase in plasma 25(OH)D3 after repeated dosing was negatively correlated with 25(OH)D3 baseline levels.
    • Key findings · abstract:Our fin[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
34. HumanPharmacokinetic profile and effect on bone markers and muscle strength of two daily dosage regimens of calcifediol in osteopenic/osteoporotic postmenopausal women.
    Aging Clin Exp Res, 2021 · Design: randomized · n: n = 25 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 33506314DOI 10.1007/s40520-020-01779-7PMC8429405 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: Fifty osteopenic/osteoporotic women with serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) between 10 and 20 ng/ml were randomized to a 6-month treatment with oral calcifediol 20 µg/day (n = 25) or oral calcifediol 30 µg/day (n = 25).
35. HumanIncreased bioavailability of Vitamin D improved pregnancy outcomes in in vitro fertilization cycles, only in patients over 36 years: a cross-sectional study.
    Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2021 · Design: not stated · n: 446 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 34355368DOI 10.26355/eurrev_202108_26453
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:It is here important to clarify that, in order to respect the exclusion criteria, only 103 of them were enrolled for the study concerning the VitD evaluation in serum and follicular fluid at the time of the egg retrieval.
    • Key findings · abstract:Different reference ranges, established according to the pregnancy outcomes, revealed that pregnant women with >36 yrs showed significantly higher levels of VitD.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: Increased serum and FF-VitD levels in women undergoing IVF with age ≥36 yrs, were significantly associated with a favorable outcome to achieve and carry on with the pregnancy.
36. HumanEffects of vitamin D-induced supernatant of placental explants from preeclamptic women on oxidative stress and nitric oxide bioavailability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
    Braz J Med Biol Res, 2021 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 34037098DOI 10.1590/1414-431X2020e11073PMC8148885 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Results showed that the production of NO3-, NO2-, malondialdehyde (MDA), and ROS were significantly higher in HUVEC treated with explant supernatant from PE compared to NT pregnant women, while the supernatant of PE explants treated with VD led to a decrease in these parameters.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Clinical and laboratory characteristics ':Table 1Characteristics of the pregnant women.VariableNormotensive (n=8)Preeclampsia (n=8)Age (years)29 (18-41)28 (16-39)Gestational age (weeks)40 (36-41)34 (30-39)*Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)120 (110-120)155 (140-70)*Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)70 (60-80)100 (90-110)*Uric acid (mg/dL)3.2 (2.3-4.7)5.7 (3.7-6.9)*Proteinuria (mg/24 h)<300730 (300-7540)*Data are reported as median (minimum-maxim
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'HUVEC treated with NT supernatant produc':During this time of incubation (60 min), a significantly higher NO production by HUVEC treated with Control NT supernatant compared to Control PE supernatant-treated cells as well as a high production of NO in VD PE supernatant treated cells compared to Control PE were observed (Figure 4B).
37. HumanIs Bioavailable Vitamin D Better Than Total Vitamin D to Evaluate Vitamin D Status in Obese Children?
    J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol, 2021 · Design: not stated · n: 78 healthy children · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 34013709DOI 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2021.0230PMC8638623 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:Anthropometry, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline-phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], bioavailable-free vitamin D, and VDBP concentration and polymorphism were evaluated in the whole group.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Obese girls had significantly higher PTH than normal weight girls (p=0.001).
    • Key findings · abstract:Regardless of gender, obese children had significantly higher concentrations of VDBP (p=0.008) and PTH (p=0.002).
38. HumanReference range for 24-h urine calcium, calcium/creatinine ratio, and correlations with calcium absorption and serum vitamin D metabolites in normal women.
    Osteoporos Int, 2021 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 32886188DOI 10.1007/s00198-020-05615-6PMC8451703 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:UNLABELLED: A study of 959 black and white women shows that the normal range for 24-h urine calcium excretion in white women is 30-300 mg and 10-285 mg in black women.
    • Key findings · abstract:Clinical laboratories use a normal range for 24-h urine calcium excretion of 100-300 mg; there is a need for them to update their age- and race-specific ranges.
    • Key findings · abstract:The objective of this analysis is to define a normal range for young women age 25-45 years and older women age 55-90 years, white and black, for 24-h urine calcium and calcium/creatinine ratio, and to examine the relationship between 24-h urine calcium, calcium absor[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
39. HumanFood Structure Modulates the Bioavailability of Triglycerides and Vitamin D, and Partly That of Lutein: A Randomized Trial with a Crossover Design in Adults.
    Mol Nutr Food Res, 2020 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
    PMID 32966703DOI 10.1002/mnfr.202000228
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Custard triglyceride response is higher than pudding and biscuit responses (up to +122.7%, p < 0.0001).
    • Key findings · abstract:Sponge cake vitamin D3 response is higher than biscuit response (+26.6%, p = 0.047).
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSION: Food structure can significantly impact on triglyceride and vitamin D3 bioavailability in terms of absorbed amounts and/or maximum absorption time.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:CONCLUSION: Food structure can significantly impact on triglyceride and vitamin D3 bioavailability in terms of absorbed amounts and/or maximum absorption time.
    • Food effect · abstract:Vitamin D3 , lutein, and triglyceride chylomicron responses, evaluated as postprandial areas under the curve, are then assayed.
40. HumanPhysically Optimized Nano-Lipid Carriers Augment Raloxifene and Vitamin D Oral Bioavailability in Healthy Humans for Management of Osteoporosis.
    J Pharm Sci, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 32194094DOI 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.03.009
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:These nanocarriers enhanced RLX bioavailability by 385.6% relative to commercial product.
41. HumanSimulation of Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Vitamin D3 and Its Natural Derivatives.
    Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2020 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 32717896DOI 10.3390/ph13080160PMC7463465 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Vitamin D3 is an endogenous fat-soluble secosteroid, either biosynthesized in human skin or absorbed from diet and health supplements.
    • Key findings · abstract:The majority of the vitamin D3 derivatives are lipophilic (log P values >5) with poor water solubility which are reflected in the poor predicted bioavailability.
    • Key findings · abstract:The fraction absorbed values for the vitamin D3 derivatives were low except for calcitroic acid, 1,23S,25-trihydroxy-24-oxo-vitamin D3, and (23S,25R)-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone each being greater than 90% fraction absorbed.
    • Key findings · abstract:Lipophilicity and solubility appear to be strongly associated[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:Vitamin D3 is an endogenous fat-soluble secosteroid, either biosynthesized in human skin or absorbed from diet and health supplements.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:The fraction absorbed values for the vitamin D3 derivatives were low except for calcitroic acid, 1,23S,25-trihydroxy-24-oxo-vitamin D3, and (23S,25R)-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone each being greater than 90% fraction absorbed.
    • Cmax · full text, Table 3:(precursor of vitamin D3) and vitamin D3 derivatives at a dose of 100 mg. The PKPlus platform was used in a single compartment model. Compound Fa% F% Cmax (ng/mL) CmaxLiver (ng/mL) Tmax (h) AUC0-∞(ng-h/mL) AUC0-24(ng-h/mL) T1/2 (h) CL (L/h) Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) 8.62 5.44 9.86 13.97 5.20 402.48 176.25 2.43 27.58 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 8.57 6.76 16.86 20.47 9.76 924.70 340.49 4.
    • Cmax · full text, Section '2.3. PK Parameter':The maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) had a very wide range including 0.58 ng/mL to 3040 ng/mL representing cholecalciferol and calcitroic acid.
    • Tmax · full text, Table 3:itamin D3 derivatives at a dose of 100 mg. The PKPlus platform was used in a single compartment model. Compound Fa% F% Cmax (ng/mL) CmaxLiver (ng/mL) Tmax (h) AUC0-∞(ng-h/mL) AUC0-24(ng-h/mL) T1/2 (h) CL (L/h) Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) 8.62 5.44 9.86 13.97 5.20 402.48 176.25 2.43 27.58 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 8.57 6.76 16.86 20.47 9.76 924.70 340.49 4.30 15.90 Calcifediol (25-hydrox
    • Tmax · full text, Section '2.3. PK Parameter':In terms of time taken to reach to the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) spanned between 3.6 to 24 h.
    • Tmax · full text, Section '2.3. PK Parameter':Cholecalciferol, the parent vitamin D3, is predicted to have a Tmax of 15.28 h, whereas calcitriol and calcifediol is anticipated to have a Tmax values of 5.2 and 4.8 h, respectively.
    • AUC · full text, Table 3:derivatives at a dose of 100 mg. The PKPlus platform was used in a single compartment model. Compound Fa% F% Cmax (ng/mL) CmaxLiver (ng/mL) Tmax (h) AUC0-∞(ng-h/mL) AUC0-24(ng-h/mL) T1/2 (h) CL (L/h) Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) 8.62 5.44 9.86 13.97 5.20 402.48 176.25 2.43 27.58 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 8.57 6.76 16.86 20.47 9.76 924.70 340.49 4.30 15.90 Calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D
    • AUC · full text, Section '2.3. PK Parameter':In terms of predicted area under the curve (AUC) extrapolated to infinity AUC0–∞ or between 0 to 24 h AUC0–24 had the range of 36,318.00–56.42 ng-h/mL or 32,571.00–11.83 ng-h/mL, respectively.
    • Fractional absorption · full text, Section '2.3. PK Parameter':Cholecalciferol, calcifediol and calcitriol are predicted to have absorption of 0.24%, 2.24% and 8.62%, respectively.
42. HumanSupplemental 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Is More Effective than Cholecalciferol in Raising Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Older Adults.
    J Nutr, 2020 · Design: randomized; double-blind · n: 91 participants · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 31518424DOI 10.1093/jn/nxz209
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVES: The primary objectives were to compare the effectiveness of D3 and 25(OH)D3 in raising 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] serum concentrations and achieving steady state.
    • Key findings · abstract:Frequent measurements of serum 25(OH)D were performed.
    • Key findings · abstract:Increases in 25(OH)D to steady state were higher in the 25(OH)D3 groups than in the D3 group [least squares (LS) means (95% CI): 50.1 (43.3-58.0), 72.5 (64.3-81.7), 97.4 (86.6-109.6) nmol/L in 10, 15, and 20 µg/d and 38.7 (33.1-45.2) nmol/L in the D3 group;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Key findings · abstract:The rate to reach steady state was similar in all groups, but the time to reach 25(OH)D concentrations[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:The area under the curve (AUC)/µg dose demonstrated that 25(OH)D3 was 3 times as effective as D3 at raising 25(OH)D concentrations.
43. HumanEfficiency of Vitamin D Supplementation in Healthy Adults is Associated with Body Mass Index and Baseline Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level.
    Nutrients, 2020 · Design: randomized · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 32365732DOI 10.3390/nu12051268PMC7284348 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:The secondary objective was to identify other factors affecting increase in serum 25-OH-VitD.
    • Key findings · abstract:Two months of supplementation with cholecalciferol (1000 IU; 25 µg daily) resulted in significant increase in serum 25-OH-VitD levels in comparison with control group (pooled Δc 32.8 nmol/L; 95% CI: 23.0, 42.5, p < 0.0001).
    • Key findings · abstract:While we did not observe any significant differences between the tested formulations, the efficiency of supplementation was associated with body mass index and baseline serum 25-OH-VitD level.
    • Key findings · abstract:Higher supplementation efficiency was observed in participants with normal body wei[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
44. HumanPharmacokinetics of Oral Cholecalciferol in Healthy Subjects with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Randomized Open-Label Study.
    Nutrients, 2020 · Design: randomized · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 32471106DOI 10.3390/nu12061553PMC7352201 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: mean 25 (OH)D plasma levels significantly increased from baseline 13.5 ± 3.7 ng/mL to peak values of 81.0 ± 15.0 ng/mL in Group A, 63.6 ± 7.9 ng/mL in Group B and 59.4 ± 12 ng/mL in Group C.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: normalization of 25 (OH)D serum levels was quickly attained with all the studied regimens.
    • Key findings · abstract:A more refracted schedule provided a higher systemic 25 (OH)D exposure.
    • Cmax · full text, Table 2:m the serum 25 (OH)D concentration. Parameter Group A Group B Group C Ratio of Geometric MeansRatio (90% Confidence Interval) A vs. B A vs. C B vs. C Cmax 79.59 63.17 58.27 1.26 (1.16, 1.37) 1.37 (1.26, 1.49) 1.08 (1.0, 1.18) AUC0–84 4648.09 3593.69 3374.12 1.29 (1.20, 1.39) 1.38 (1.28, 1.48) 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) AUC0–112 5947.29 4982.70 4530.24 1.19 (1.11, 1.29) 1.31 (1.22, 1.41) 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) A
    • AUC · full text, Table 2:of Geometric MeansRatio (90% Confidence Interval) A vs. B A vs. C B vs. C Cmax 79.59 63.17 58.27 1.26 (1.16, 1.37) 1.37 (1.26, 1.49) 1.08 (1.0, 1.18) AUC0–84 4648.09 3593.69 3374.12 1.29 (1.20, 1.39) 1.38 (1.28, 1.48) 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) AUC0–112 5947.29 4982.70 4530.24 1.19 (1.11, 1.29) 1.31 (1.22, 1.41) 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) AUC84–112 1295.45 1365.16 1188.11 0.95 (0.88, 1.03) 1.09 (1.01, 1.18) 1.15 (1
    • AUC · full text, Section '4.2. Pharmacokinetic Parameters':Systemic exposure (AUC0-84 and AUC0-112) to 25 (OH)D was higher in Group A compared to Groups B and C), even though the cumulative dose of cholecalciferol was similar among groups (588,000 IU in Group A vs. 600,000 in Groups B and C).
    • Form comparison · full text, Table 2:ameters determined from the serum 25 (OH)D concentration. Parameter Group A Group B Group C Ratio of Geometric MeansRatio (90% Confidence Interval) A vs. B A vs. C B vs. C Cmax 79.59 63.17 58.27 1.26 (1.16, 1.37) 1.37 (1.26, 1.49) 1.08 (1.0, 1.18) AUC0–84 4648.09 3593.69 3374.12 1.29 (1.20, 1.39) 1.38 (1.28, 1.48) 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) AUC0–112 5947.29 4982.70 4530.24 1.19 (1.11, 1.29) 1.31 (1.22, 1.4
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '4.2. Pharmacokinetic Parameters':Systemic exposure (AUC0-84 and AUC0-112) to 25 (OH)D was higher in Group A compared to Groups B and C), even though the cumulative dose of cholecalciferol was similar among groups (588,000 IU in Group A vs. 600,000 in Groups B and C).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '4.2. Pharmacokinetic Parameters':B 0.97 (95% CI: 0.91–1.04), A vs.
45. HumanLong-Term Bioavailability of Single Doses of Intramuscular Vitamin D2.
    Endocr Pract, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 33471654DOI 10.4158/EP-2020-0124
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the long-term bioavailability of single doses of intramuscular (IM) vita-min D2 (D2) in healthy adults.
    • Key findings · abstract:Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25&lsqb;OH]D2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25&lsqb;OH]D3) in serum were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
    • Key findings · abstract:However, levels of serum calcium, BTMs, and DBP and urinary calcium were not altered by IM D2.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSION: A single dose of 200,000 IU, 400,000 IU, or 600,000 IU IM D2 raises total 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels by 5.0, 7.0, or 10.3 ng/mL on average for at least 12 weeks and reduces iPTH and endog[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
46. HumanGlycocholic acid and butyrate synergistically increase vitamin D-induced calcium uptake in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell monolayers.
    Bone Rep, 2020 · Design: not stated · n: n = 14 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 32715032DOI 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100294PMC7371747 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSION: The combination of GCA and butyrate increased gradient-driven calcium uptake up to 9-fold in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells, but had no effect on active calcium absorption.
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:CONCLUSION: The combination of GCA and butyrate increased gradient-driven calcium uptake up to 9-fold in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells, but had no effect on active calcium absorption.
    • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section 'Passive calcium transport':The maximal transport velocity occurred after administration of 0.1 mM GCA and 0.5 mM butyrate in the presence of 40 mM luminal Ca2+, and represented an up to almost 9-fold increase compared to vitamin D3 treated controls (+1160 ± 286 vs. 130 ± 12 nmol/cm2 × h, p < 0.01).
    • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section 'Passive calcium transport':At an 80 mM Ca2+-gradient, the increase in calcium flux was 6.2-fold (+820 ± 57 nmol/cm2 × h, p < 0.05) at 0.1 mM GCA and 0.5 mM butyrate.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Active calcium transport':Active calcium flux was significantly increased similarly in all groups compared to the vehicle treated controls (+7.1 nmol/cm2 × h), but the magnitude was marginal.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Passive calcium transport':The maximal transport velocity occurred after administration of 0.1 mM GCA and 0.5 mM butyrate in the presence of 40 mM luminal Ca2+, and represented an up to almost 9-fold increase compared to vitamin D3 treated controls (+1160 ± 286 vs. 130 ± 12 nmol/cm2 × h, p < 0.01).
47. HumanVitamin D Treatment during Pregnancy and Maternal and Neonatal Cord Blood Metal Concentrations at Delivery: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Bangladesh.
    Environ Health Perspect, 2020 · Design: randomized · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 33226277DOI 10.1289/EHP7265PMC7682582 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:Maternal lead levels were 6.3%, 7.4%, and 6.0% higher in the treatment groups (4,200, 16,800, and 28,000 IU, respectively) vs. placebo; however, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) showed that differences from 4.1% lower to 20% higher were compatible with the data.
    • Key findings · abstract:In treatment groups (4,200, 16,800, 28,000 IU) vs. placebo, neonatal cord blood lead levels were 8.5% (95% CI: -3.5, 22), 16% (95% CI: 3.3, 30), and 11% (95% CI: 0.4, 23) higher and had higher risk of detectable cadmium, relative risk (RR)=2.2 (95% CI: 1.3, 3.7), RR=1.4 (95% CI: 0.8, 2.5), RR=1.7 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.9).
    • Form comparison · full text, Table 1:Maternal characteristics [n (%)] at enrollment among women in the entire MDIG trial compared with women in the metals substudy. Characteristics Participants without metals data Participants with delivery and cord metals, or both p-Valuea Enrolled participants (n) 679 619 Gestational age at enrollment (wk) 0.91  <19 198 (29.2) 170 (27.5)  19–
    • Form comparison · full text, Table 4:Intent-to-treat analysis of relative metal levels in maternal (n=619) and neonatal cord (n=516) blood samples, compared with placebo. Metal Treatment group 4,200 IU/wk 16,800 IU/wk 28,000 IU/wk p-Value n Percentage difference (95% CI) n Percentage difference (95% CI) n Percentage difference (95% CI) Lead  Maternala 141 6.3 (−4.1, 18) 121 7.4 (−3.5, 20) 239 6.0 (−3.4, 16)
    • Form comparison · full text, Table 6:Analysis of relative lead levels in maternal and neonatal cord blood samples compared with placebo, stratified by BMI. Metal n Geometric mean Treatment group (IU/wk) p-Valuea 4,200 16,800 28,000 Percentage difference (95% CI) Percentage difference (95% CI) Percentage difference (95% CI) Maternal lead  Low/normal BMI 335 8.4 8.4 (−5.6, 24)
48. HumanBioequivalence Studies of Vitamin D Gummies and Tablets in Healthy Adults: Results of a Cross-Over Study.
    Nutrients, 2019 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: n = 9 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 31067745DOI 10.3390/nu11051023PMC6566230 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:The objective of this investigation was to compare bioavailability between single oral dose Vitamin D3 (vitD3) gummies vs. tablets in healthy adults.
    • Key findings · abstract:Healthy participants aged 18-45 years with body mass index (BMI) 18-30 without anemia or vitD deficiency were randomized to receive 20,000 international units (IU) vitD3 as single dose gummies or tablets with serial samples obtained to measure plasma vitD3 at baseline, 3, 6, 10, 24, and 48 h followed by a 2-week washout period.
    • Key findings · abstract:In Study 1, results suggested bioavailability was greater with gummies compared with tablets, (effect size 1.08 at 2[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:Average peak blood concentration (Cmax) values were significantly higher with gummies (gummy: 47.3 ng/mL; tablet: 23.4 ng/mL; p < 0.0001).
    • AUC · abstract:In Study 2, the area under the concentration curve (AUC) was higher with gummies than tablets (gummy mean (95% CI): 1474 ng·/mL (1393-1555); tablet mean (95% CI): 774 ng·h/mL (693-855), p < 0.0001).
    • Cmax · full text, Section '3.1. Study 1':The average Cmax values were similar during the two phases after adjusting for baseline vitamin D3 (gummy: 36.9 ng/mL (32.0 to 41.9); tablet: 33.6 ng/mL (28.6 to 38.6); p = 0.35).
    • Cmax · full text, Section '3.1. Study 1':Similarly, the geometric mean for Cmax was higher in the gummy phase (gummy: tablet ratio = 1.23, 90% CI: 1.06 to 1.43).
    • Cmax · full text, Section '3.2. Study 2':The average Cmax values also were significantly higher during the gummy phase (gummy: 47.3 ng/mL (44.4 to 50.2); tablet: 23.4 ng/mL (20.5 to 26.4); p < 0.0001).
    • Tmax · full text, Section '3.1. Study 1':The time to maximum concentration (Tmax) was 10 h for all participants with both formulations.
    • AUC · full text, Section '2.3. Sample Size and Power Consideration':Specifically, in the pilot study, the unadjusted arithmetic means for the AUC of 1305.6 ng·h/mL (gummy) and 1040.4 ng·h/mL (tablet) were seen in a sample size of n = 9, with a mean difference ± standard deviation of 265.1 ng·h/mL ± 194, providing an effect size of 1.37.
    • AUC · full text, Section '2.3. Sample Size and Power Consideration':Assuming the true difference between gummy and tablet was as small as the lower 95% confidence limit for the unadjusted arithmetic mean difference of the AUC, the effect size between groups was considered to be as small as 0.6.
    • AUC · full text, Section '3.1. Study 1':After adjusting for baseline differences in vitamin D3, the mean AUC was higher with gummies when compared to tablets, but this finding was not statistically significant (gummy mean (95% CI): 1212 ng·h/mL (1064 to 1359); tablet mean (95% CI): 1134 ng·h/mL (987 to 1282), p = 0.36).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Serial Measurements of circulating plasm':The total circulating plasma vitamin D3 at time 0 (baseline), 3, 6, 10, 24, and 48 h was measured for each subject, from which the mean (SD) was calculated for the two treatment groups: gummies vs. tablets.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.1. Study 1':After adjusting for baseline differences in vitamin D3, the mean AUC was higher with gummies when compared to tablets, but this finding was not statistically significant (gummy mean (95% CI): 1212 ng·h/mL (1064 to 1359); tablet mean (95% CI): 1134 ng·h/mL (987 to 1282), p = 0.36).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.2. Study 2':Results of the mixed model indicated that the mean AUC was higher for the gummy phase when compared to the tablet phase, a finding that was highly statistically significant (gummy mean (95% CI): 1474 ng·h/mL (1393 to 1555); tablet mean (95% CI): 774 ng·h/mL (693 to 855), p < 0.0001).
49. HumanPharmacokinetics of a New Pharmaceutical Form of Vitamin D3 100,000 IU in Soft Capsule.
    Nutrients, 2019 · Design: randomized · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 30917531DOI 10.3390/nu11030703PMC6470992 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:The primary endpoint was the area under the curve (AUC) of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) concentrations on Day 112.
    • Key findings · abstract:At baseline, low mean serum 25(OH)D levels were observed in both groups (10.6 ng/mL in Group 1 and 9.0 ng/mL in Group 2).
    • Key findings · abstract:On Day 112, the AUC of serum 25(OH)D concentration was 2499.4 ± 463.8 nmol/mL (7.8 ± 0.2 for LogAUC) for Group 1 and 2152.3 ± 479.8 nmol/mL (7.6 ± 0.2 for LogAUC) for Group 2.
    • Key findings · abstract:Superiority of vitamin D3 100,000 IU soft capsule was observed with p = 0.029 for AUC and p = 0.03 for LogAUC using a non-parametric Wilcoxon test.
    • Key findings · abstract:The profile of the serum[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:Mean Cmax for Group 1 was significantly higher (p = 0.002).
    • Tmax · abstract:Fourteen days were needed to reach Tmax by more than half the subjects in Group 1 compared to 45 days in Group 2.
    • AUC · abstract:The primary endpoint was the area under the curve (AUC) of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) concentrations on Day 112.
    • AUC · abstract:On Day 112, the AUC of serum 25(OH)D concentration was 2499.4 ± 463.8 nmol/mL (7.8 ± 0.2 for LogAUC) for Group 1 and 2152.3 ± 479.8 nmol/mL (7.6 ± 0.2 for LogAUC) for Group 2.
    • AUC · abstract:Superiority of vitamin D3 100,000 IU soft capsule was observed with p = 0.029 for AUC and p = 0.03 for LogAUC using a non-parametric Wilcoxon test.
    • Cmax · full text, Section '3.3. Secondary Endpoints':Mean Cmax for Group 1 (28.5 ± 5.0 ng/mL) was significantly higher (p = 0.002) than mean Cmax for Group 2 (23.9 ± 4.3 ng/mL).
    • Cmax · full text, Section '3.3. Secondary Endpoints':Superiority of vitamin D3 100,000 IU in soft capsule was also demonstrated for the AUC, LogAUC on Day 28 and for Cmax using a non-parametric Wilcoxon test.
    • Tmax · full text, Section '3.3. Secondary Endpoints':Tmax was reached within 14 days by more than half of the subjects who received vitamin D3 100,000 IU soft capsule as opposed to 45 days in Group 2.
    • AUC · full text, Section '3.2. Primary Endpoint':Four months after administration of a single dose of 100,000 IU Vitamin D3, the AUC of serum 25(OH)D levels was 2499.4 ± 463.8 nmol/ml (7.8 ± 0.2 for LogAUC) in Group 1 and 2152.3 ± 479.8 nmol/ml (7.6 ± 0.2 for LogAUC) in Group 2.
    • AUC · full text, Section '3.3. Secondary Endpoints':Superiority of vitamin D3 100,000 IU in soft capsule was also demonstrated for the AUC, LogAUC on Day 28 and for Cmax using a non-parametric Wilcoxon test.
    • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.2. Primary Endpoint':A non-parametric Wilcoxon test concluded in the superiority of vitamin D3 100,000 IU soft capsule versus vitamin D3 100,000 IU oral solution in ampoule.
50. HumanPopulation pharmacokinetics of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in children with asthma
.
    Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2018 · Design: not stated · n: 60 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 29393848DOI 10.5414/CP203091
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
51. HumanVitamin D is associated with bioavailability of androgens in eumenorrheic women with prior pregnancy loss.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2018 · Design: not stated · n: 1191 participants · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 29548752DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.03.012PMC6191853 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) and hormone concentrations were measured at baseline.
52. Human[Calcium response to vitamin D supplementation].
    Medicina (B Aires), 2018 · Design: not stated · n: 63 women · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 29360069
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Baseline urine calcium excretion was measured before being supplemented with vitamin D2 or D3 weekly or vitamin D3 100.000 IU monthly.
    • Key findings · abstract:Once serum vitamin D levels were corrected achieving at least 30 ng/ml, a second urine calcium excretion was obtained.
    • Key findings · abstract:Although in the whole sample we did not observe significant changes in urine calcium excretion according to the way of supplementation, some of those with weekly supplementation had significant higher urine calcium excretion, 19% (n = 12) of hypercalciuric women and 12% (n = 6) of the normocalciuric group.
    • Key findings · abstract:Monthly doses, also showed highe[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
53. HumanRe-assembled casein micelles improve in vitro bioavailability of vitamin D in a Caco-2 cell model.
    Food Funct, 2017 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 28513755DOI 10.1039/c7fo00323d
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:This follow-up study focused on the performance of VD-loaded rCM after drying and reconstitution, considering VD retention during simulated digestion, and the subsequent in vitro bioavailability of the vitamin. rCM conferred great protection to VD3 during simulated digestion with a significant increase in vitamin retention for 1 h under gastric conditions.
    • Key findings · abstract:Vitamin absorption by Caco-2 cells from digested rCM was not significantly different from the absorption of the digested free VD.
    • Key findings · abstract:However, thanks to the highly protective effect of the rCM, against VD gastric degradation, the overall eff[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Relative bioavailability · abstract:However, thanks to the highly protective effect of the rCM, against VD gastric degradation, the overall effect of the rCM was a 4-fold higher bioavailability, compared to the free VD.
54. HumanCorrection of vitamin D status by calcidiol: pharmacokinetic profile, safety, and biochemical effects on bone and mineral metabolism of daily and weekly dosage regimens.
    Osteoporos Int, 2017 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 28815282DOI 10.1007/s00198-017-4180-3
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Despite cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is the most commonly used drug for vitamin D supplementation, the more hydrophilic compound calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) can be employed at daily, weekly, and monthly regimens to reach in the short term the target levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D].
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: A total of 87 Caucasian, community-dwelling, postmenopausal women, aged 55 years or older, with vitamin D inadequacy (serum 25(OH)D levels <30 ng/ml, with mean 25(OH)D below 20 ng/ml, namely 16.5 ± 7.5 ng/ml) were randomized to receive three different dosages of calcidiol: 20 μg/day, 40[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
55. Human[Update on recent progress in vitamin D research. Eldecalcitol and intestinal calcium absorption.].
    Clin Calcium, 2017 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 29074831
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Therefore, it is presumed that the calcium absorption-boosting effect of eldecalcitol is not due to the action of 1α, 25(OH) 2 D, but due to eldecalcitol itself.
56. HumanA physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of vitamin D.
    J Appl Toxicol, 2017 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 28585774DOI 10.1002/jat.3489PMC6225524 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
57. HumanCorrection of vitamin D deficiency using sublingually administered vitamin D2 in a Crohn's disease patient with mal-absorption and a new ileostomy.
    J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2017 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 28049025DOI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.12.021
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:We present a case in which 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were normalized within 2 weeks in a severely vitamin D deficient patient with Crohn's disease with mal-absorption and a new ileostomy, utilizing sublingually administered vitamin D2.
    • Key findings · abstract:The major finding of this study is that sublingual administration of vitamin D2 appears to work effectively when intestinal absorption is impaired.
58. HumanRacial differences in calculated bioavailable vitamin D with vitamin D/calcium supplementation.
    AIDS, 2017 · Design: randomized; double-blind · n: 165 participants · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 28832406DOI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001621PMC5656526 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVES: Some studies suggest that bioavailable 25-dihydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] is more accurate than total 25-(OH)D as an assessment of vitamin D (VitD) status in black individuals.
    • Key findings · abstract:We hypothesized that increases in bioavailable 25-(OH)D would correlate better with improvement in bone outcomes among black HIV-infected adults.
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: Effect of VitD/calcium on total and calculated bioavailable 25-(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density in black and nonblack participants were evaluated at 48 weeks.
    • Key findings · abstract:At baseline, black participants had lower total 25[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
59. HumanEffects of Genetic and Nongenetic Factors on Total and Bioavailable 25(OH)D Responses to Vitamin D Supplementation.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2017 · Design: randomized; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 27768857DOI 10.1210/jc.2016-2930
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: To investigate factors modifying 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and bioavailable 25(OH)D [25(OH)DBio] responses after vitamin D3 supplementation.
    • Key findings · abstract:MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum 25(OH)D, vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium were measured, and 25(OH)DBio was calculated based on VDBP levels.
60. HumanOral High-Dose Vitamin D Dissolved in Oil Raised Serum 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D to Physiological Levels in Obese Patients After Sleeve Gastrectomy-A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Obes Surg, 2016 · Design: randomized; double-blind · n: n = 94 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 26704923DOI 10.1007/s11695-015-2004-0
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Former trials supplementing orally VD (20-50 μg/day) in crystalline form after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) could not stabilize serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels at predefined concentrations (≥50 nmol/l).
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: Morbidly obese patients (n = 94, BMI 51.8 ± 11.5 kg/m(2)) received orally 80 μg/day VD3 dissolved in oil or placebo (pure oil) in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study for 12 weeks after SG. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, parathyroid hormone, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, phosphate, magnesium, calcium, creatinine, C-reactive protein, lipids, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
61. HumanEffects of vitamin D2-fortified bread v. supplementation with vitamin D2 or D3 on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolites: an 8-week randomised-controlled trial in young adult Finnish women.
    Br J Nutr, 2016 · Design: randomized · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
    PMID 26864127DOI 10.1017/S0007114516000192PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:We investigated the bioavailability of D2 from UV-irradiated yeast present in bread in an 8-week randomised-controlled trial in healthy 20-37-year-old women (n 33) in Helsinki (60°N) during winter (February-April) 2014.
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (S-25(OH)D2) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (S-25(OH)D3) concentrations were measured at baseline, midpoint and end point.
    • Key findings · abstract:The mean baseline total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D=S-25(OH)D2+S-25(OH)D3) concentration was 65·1 nmol/l.
    • Key findings · abstract:Thus, D2 from UV-irradiated yeast in bread was not bioavailable in humans.
    • Food effect · full text, p.2:possible effects on S-25(OH)D3 for vitamin D intake (10 µg) for that age group(11). Overnight and S-PTH concentrations compared with D2 or D3 supple- fasting serum samples were collected between 07.30 and mentation in a randomised placebo-controlled trial in young, 10.00 hours at baseline (week 0), midpoint (week 4) and end healthy females during winter in Finland. The UV-irradiated point (week 8)
    • Food effect · full text, p.6:r rat experiment, showed a significant increase in total with D3 resulted in decreases in S-PTH concentrations. Never- S-25(OH)D in young growing rats fed UVB-irradiated yeast theless, this effect was not observed in the D2 supplement incorporated into bread. Beyond the species and life-stage group, even though the total S-25(OH)D concentration differences between that study and our present study,
    • Form comparison · full text, p.1:usted for baseline S-25(OH)D as total/D2/D3), D2-bread did not affect total S-25(OH)D (P = 0·707) or S-25(OH)D3 (P = 0·490), but increased S-25(OH)D2 compared with placebo (P < 0·001). However, the D2 supplement was more effective than bread in increasing S-25(OH)D2 (P < 0·001). Both D2 and D3 supplementation increased total S-25(OH)D compared with placebo (P = 0·030 and P = 0·001, respectively),
    • Form comparison · full text, p.2:or cereal allergy, (S-25(OH)D2) but produced a 9 nmol/l greater decline in S-25 a vacation in a sunny place during the study period or within (OH)D3 compared with placebo. This contributed to the finding the preceding 2 months, regular use of vitamin D supplements that end point total S-25(OH)D concentrations were 21 nmol/l >15 µg/d and pregnancy or breast-feeding during the study. lower in partici
    • Form comparison · full text, p.4:for was present over time (P < 0·001): D3 supplementation hormonal contraception (six subjects). None of the subjects increased S-25(OH)D3 the most (compared with all the other reported smoking regularly. In all, twelve of the subjects were groups, P < 0·001). The S-25(OH)D3 concentration decreased in allowed to continue taking their own vitamin D supplements the D2 supplement group relative to th
62. HumanA Combination of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Is Associated with Interindividual Variability in Cholecalciferol Bioavailability in Healthy Men.
    J Nutr, 2016 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 27798339DOI 10.3945/jn.116.237115
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:After an overnight fast, plasma 25(OH)D status was measured, and the subjects then consumed a meal that provided 5 mg cholecalciferol as a supplement.
    • Key findings · abstract:Plasma chylomicron cholecalciferol concentration was measured over 8 h, and cholecalciferol response was assessed by calculating the postprandial area under the curve.
    • Key findings · abstract:P < 0.001) but not with the fasting plasma 25(OH)D concentration (r = 0.04;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:Plasma chylomicron cholecalciferol concentration was measured over 8 h, and cholecalciferol response was assessed by calculating the postprandial area under the curve.
    • Food effect · abstract:After an overnight fast, plasma 25(OH)D status was measured, and the subjects then consumed a meal that provided 5 mg cholecalciferol as a supplement.
    • Food effect · abstract:Plasma chylomicron cholecalciferol concentration was measured over 8 h, and cholecalciferol response was assessed by calculating the postprandial area under the curve.
    • Food effect · abstract:Partial least squares regression was used to test the association of SNPs in or near candidate genes (61 genes representing 3791 SNPs) with the postprandial cholecalciferol response.
    • Food effect · abstract:RESULTS: The postprandial chylomicron cholecalciferol concentration peaked at 5.4 h.
    • Food effect · abstract:P < 0
63. HumanEffect of weekly high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation on serum cholecalciferol concentrations in pregnant women.
    J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2016 · Design: randomized; double-blind · n: n=65 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 26784272DOI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.01.007
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Vitamin D status is conventionally defined by the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
    • Key findings · abstract:However, it has been proposed that the serum cholecalciferol concentration (D3) also determines functional vitamin D sufficiency.
    • Key findings · abstract:The objective of this study was to describe the effect of weekly high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation on inter-dose serum D3 in pregnant women.
    • Key findings · abstract:This study included pregnant women enrolled at 26-29 weeks gestation who fully adhered to the prenatal supplement intervention for ≥8 consecutive weeks and for whom serum samples were available for D3 analysis (n=65).
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
64. HumanA randomized two way cross over study for comparison of absorption of vitamin D3 buccal spray and soft gelatin capsule formulation in healthy subjects and in patients with intestinal malabsorption.
    Nutr J, 2015 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: n = 20 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
    PMID 26514332DOI 10.1186/s12937-015-0105-1PMC4627615 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:The objective of the present work was to compare the absorption of vitamin D3 through the oral route by comparing a 1000 IU soft gelatin capsule and a 500 IU buccal spray (delivering 1000 IU in two spray shots) in healthy subjects and in patients with malabsorption disease.
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: An open label, randomized, two-periods, two-way cross over study was conducted, first in healthy subjects (n = 20) and then in patients with malabsorption syndrome (n = 20).
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: In healthy subjects, the mean increase in serum 25(OH)D concentration was 4.06 (95% CI 3.41, 4.71) ng/ml in soft gelatin capsule[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:Fasting blood samples were collected to measure baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in all participants at day 0 (Screening visit), day 30 (completion of period I), day 60 (end of wash out and initiation of period II) and day 90 (completion of period II).
    • Form comparison · full text, Table 2:25(OH)D in control group and their corresponding treatment groups after 30 days Comparison Difference of mean 95 % CI P Value Healthy – Buccal Spray vs. Control 7.47 5.27 to 9.67 <0.0001 Healthy – Soft Gelatin Capsule vs. Control 3.53 1.79 to 5.28 0.0005 Patients – Buccal Spray vs. Control 8.53 2.74 to 14.31 0.0064 Patients – Soft Gelatin Capsule vs. Control 2.03 −1.44 to 5.50 0.2338
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Effect of intervention':When control group in healthy subjects was compared with their corresponding treatment groups, it was found that the difference of mean between control group and buccal spray group was 7.47 (95 % CI, 5.27, 9.67) which was significant (p < 0.05), and the same between control group and soft gelatin capsule group was 3.53 (95 % CI, 1.79, 5.28) which was also statistically significant (p < 0.05).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Effect of intervention':Table 2 describes these data.Fig. 2Mean 25(OH)D level in study subjectsTable 2Comparison of 25(OH)D in control group and their corresponding treatment groups after 30 daysComparisonDifference of mean95 % CIP ValueHealthy – Buccal Spray vs.
65. HumanVitamin D3 seems more appropriate than D2 to sustain adequate levels of 25OHD: a pharmacokinetic approach.
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 2015 · Design: randomized · n: n=33 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 25782422DOI 10.1038/ejcn.2015.16
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The superiority of cholecalciferol (D3) over ergocalciferol (D2) in sustaining serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels is controversial.
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum samples were obtained at baseline and at days 3, 7, 14, 21, 35, 49, 63 and 77.
    • Key findings · abstract:As after the loading dose both D2 and D3 groups had reached similar 25OHD levels, we tested equivalence of the area under the concentration × time curve (AUC) between d7 and d77.
    • Key findings · abstract:The AUC was 28.6% higher for D3 compared with D2, and both were higher with respect to placebo.
    • Key findings · abstract:At d77, D2 25OHD levels were higher than those at baseline, but simila[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:As after the loading dose both D2 and D3 groups had reached similar 25OHD levels, we tested equivalence of the area under the concentration × time curve (AUC) between d7 and d77.
    • AUC · abstract:The AUC was 28.6% higher for D3 compared with D2, and both were higher with respect to placebo.
66. HumanDietary fat increases vitamin D-3 absorption.
    J Acad Nutr Diet, 2015 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 25441954DOI 10.1016/j.jand.2014.09.014
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:BACKGROUND: The plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to supplementation with vitamin D varies widely, but vitamin D absorption differences based on diet composition is poorly understood.
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypotheses that absorption of vitamin D-3 is greater when the supplement is taken with a meal containing fat than with a fat-free meal and that absorption is greater when the fat in the meal has a higher monounsaturated-to-polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio (MUFA:PUFA).
    • Key findings · abstract:DESIGN: Open, three-group, single-dose vitamin D-3 comparative absorption experiment.
    • Key findings · abstract:MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Plas[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypotheses that absorption of vitamin D-3 is greater when the supplement is taken with a meal containing fat than with a fat-free meal and that absorption is greater when the fat in the meal has a higher monounsaturated-to-polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio (MUFA:PUFA).
    • Food effect · abstract:PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Our 1-day study was conducted in 50 healthy older men and women who were randomly assigned to one of three meal groups: fat-free meal, and a meal with 30% of calories as fat with a low (1:4) and one with a high (4:1) MUFA:PUFA.
    • Food effect · abstract:After a 12-hour fast, all subjects took a single 50
67. HumanCritically Ill Children Have Low Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Influencing Bioavailability of Vitamin D.
    Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2015 · Design: not stated · n: 511 children · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 26356094DOI 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201503-160OCPMC5467088 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:RATIONALE: Vitamin D deficiency, often defined by total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) <20 ng/ml, is common in critically ill patients, with associations with increased mortality and morbidity in the intensive care unit.
    • Key findings · abstract:MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We measured serum VDBP in 479 children.
    • Key findings · abstract:We genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7041 and rs4588 in the VDBP gene (GC) to determine haplotypes GC1F, GC1S, and GC2 in 178 subjects who consented, then calculated bioavailable 25(OH)D from serum 25(OH)D, VDBP, albumin, and GC haplotype.
    • Key findings · abstract:The median serum VDBP level was 159 μg/ml (inte[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
68. HumanInfluence of vitamin D and estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms on calcium absorption: BsmI predicts a greater decrease during energy restriction.
    Bone, 2015 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 26165414DOI 10.1016/j.bone.2015.07.011PMC4641000 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:In this study, we use gold standard methods of fractional calcium absorption (FCA) to determine whether polymorphisms of intestinal receptors, vitamin D receptor (VDR) and estrogen receptor α (ESR1), influence the response to energy restriction.
    • Key findings · abstract:Fractional calcium absorption was measured using dual stable isotopes ((42)Ca and (43)Ca) in women given adequate calcium and vitamin D and examined at baseline and after 6 weeks of energy restriction or no intervention.
69. HumanIntestinal Calcium Absorption Decreases Dramatically After Gastric Bypass Surgery Despite Optimization of Vitamin D Status.
    J Bone Miner Res, 2015 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 25640580DOI 10.1002/jbmr.2467PMC4593653 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Not only can RYGB result in vitamin D malabsorption, but the bypassed duodenum and proximal jejunum are also the predominant sites of active, transcellular, 1,25(OH)2 D-mediated calcium (Ca) uptake.
    • Key findings · abstract:We determined the effects of RYGB on intestinal fractional Ca absorption (FCA) while maintaining ample 25OHD levels (goal ≥30 ng/mL) and Ca intake (1200 mg daily) in a prospective cohort of 33 obese adults (BMI 44.7 ± 7.4 kg/m(2)).
    • Key findings · abstract:Consistent with the FCA decline, 24-hour urinary Ca decreased, PTH increased, and 1,25(OH)2 D increased (p ≤ 0.02).
    • Key findings · abstract:Those with lower postoperative FCA had greater[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
70. HumanVitamin D Supplementation Decreases TGF-β1 Bioavailability in PCOS: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2015 · Design: randomized · n: 23 women · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 26485217DOI 10.1210/jc.2015-2580
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:CONTEXT: There is an abnormal increase in TGF-β1 bioavailability in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which might play a role in the pathophysiology of this syndrome.
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of VD supplementation on TGF-β1 bioavailability in VD-deficient women with PCOS and assess whether changes in TGF-β1/soluble endoglin (sENG) levels correlate with an improvement in PCOS clinical manifestations.
    • Key findings · abstract:MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Serum TGF-β1, sENG, lipid profile, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and insulin resistance were measured[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
71. HumanOral vitamin D supplementation has a lower bioavailability and reduces hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone and insulin resistance in obese Chinese males.
    Public Health Nutr, 2015 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
    PMID 25517289DOI 10.1017/S1368980014002845PMC10271277 (free full text)PDF
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:The VDR SNP, rs3782905, was significantly associated with obesity (P=0·043), but none of the examined SNP were correlated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D when adjusted for age, BMI and study group.
    • Key findings · abstract:After vitamin D supplementation, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, hypersecretions of parathyroid hormone and insulin, and insulin resistance in the obese were changed beneficially (P<0·05); however, the increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was less than that of the normal-weight men.
    • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.5:artate aminotransferase increased both groups was enhanced significantly (P < 0·001), with a (P = 0·032) in the obese group, and uric acid increased 2·8-fold increase for the normal-weight group and a 1·6- (P = 0·014) in the normal-weight group. fold increase for the obese group. Thus the normal-weight group had a significantly higher concentration (P < 0·001) of serum 25(OH)D (181·3 (SD 30·2) nmol/
    • Food effect · full text, p.2:control study, the following criteria were also met for and high serum PTH is more clearly defined(15,30). Under both groups: (i) non-vegetarian; (ii) fasting serum conditions of deficient 25(OH)D supply and decreasing glucose < 7·0 mmol/l; (iii) serum glucose 2 h after 75 g oral tendency of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D; glucose loading < 11·1 mmol/l; and (iv) normal function- calcitriol) pro
    • Food effect · full text, p.3:Beijing, China) in a Sample collection and preparation volume of 20 μl. Finally, the enzyme-digested product In the cross-sectional study, overnight fasting (>10 h) was loaded into a 2 % (w/v) agarose gel (BioWest Regular blood samples were drawn from the ulnar vein and col- Agaros G-10, catalogue no. 111860; Gene Co. Ltd, Hong lected in sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate tubes. Within Kong, China)
    • Food effect · full text, p.4:ratio 0·83 0·06 0·94 0·06 <0·001 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 105·6 8·2 128·9 16·2 <0·001 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 69·3 5·3 86·7 10·7 <0·001 Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) 4·84 0·35 5·52 1·38 0·007 TAG (mmol/l) 0·87 0·33 2·37 1·73 <0·001 Total cholesterol (mmol/l) 4·28 0·54 5·21 0·96 <0·001 HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) 1·32 0·19 1·10 0·23 <0·001 LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) 2·55 0·42 3·37 0·72 <
    • Form comparison · full text, p.3:ajority of the Genotyping of SNP indices examined were significantly worse for the obese Five SNP, ApaI, TaqI, FokI, rs3782905 and Cdx-2, of the group compared with the normal-weight group (P < 0·01). VDR were analysed using a PCR–restriction fragment Only the mean concentrations of plasma 25(OH)D (55·3 length polymorphism method. Briefly, total DNA was (SD 12·2) nmol/l in the normal-weight group an
    • Form comparison · full text, p.4:concentration <50 nmol/l, (SD 1·7) kg/m2 for the obese group, without significant 50– <75 nmol/l and 75–250 nmol/l in both groups (38·4 %, differences compared with the respective values before 51·5 %, 10·1 % for obese v. 29·3 %, 64·6 %, 6·1 % for normal vitamin D supplementation. weight) were not significantly different without (P = 0·192) The dietary vitamin D intakes of the two groups in the or w
    • Form comparison · full text, p.5:49). and 0·643, respectively). Before the trial, the normal- weight group had a lower glucose concentration 2 h after the oral glucose challenge test compared with the obese Changes in biochemical indices by vitamin D group (data not shown). After vitamin D supplementation, supplementation iPTH, fasting serum insulin and HOMA-IR did not change The changes of IR and serum concentrations of 25(OH)D,
72. HumanImpact of a cholesterol membrane transporter's inhibition on vitamin D absorption: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study.
    Bone, 2015 · Design: randomized; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 26208795DOI 10.1016/j.bone.2015.07.022
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:By evaluating the effect of ezetimibe on vitamin D absorption, we aim to determine if the cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 transporter contributes to it.
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum 25OHD levels were measured by the immunoassay Diasorin Liaison®.
    • Key findings · abstract:Fourteen days after a single 50,000 IU oral dose of cholecalciferol, mean (SD) changes in serum 25OHD were similar in both groups, after adjustment to BMI and 25OHD levels before cholecalciferol administration (p=0.26): 8.7 (3.7) ng/mL in the ezetimibe group, versus 10.0 (3.8) ng/mL in the placebo group.
    • Key findings · abstract:Mean serum 25OHD, PTH, calcium and albumin levels[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:After the first blood sample collection, all participants received a single oral 50,000 IU cholecalciferol dose during a 15 g-fat meal.
73. HumanDose-response effect of ergocalciferol therapy on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration during critical illness.
    Nutrition, 2015 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 26213135DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2015.03.008
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dose-response relationship between ergocalciferol therapy and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in enterally fed, critically ill patients with traumatic injuries.
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum 25-OH vitamin D and ionized calcium concentrations were monitored weekly.
    • Key findings · abstract:Ergocalciferol therapy was stopped when the serum 25-OH vitamin D was >75 nmol/L, if the patient experienced hypercalcemia (ionized calcium >1.34 mmol/L), when the patient was discharged from the ICU, or if enteral nutrition was discontinued.
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations improved fr[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dose-response relationship between ergocalciferol therapy and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in enterally fed, critically ill patients with traumatic injuries.
74. HumanPharmacokinetics of daily versus monthly vitamin D3 supplementation in non-lactating women.
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 2014 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 24424073DOI 10.1038/ejcn.2013.278PMC4266550 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:This study compared serum cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations over four weeks in healthy, non-pregnant, non-lactating females aged 18-40 years, who were randomized to oral cholecalciferol 5000 international units (IU) daily for 28 days or a single dose of 150 000 IU.
    • Key findings · abstract:The daily group had 11 more days of detectable serum cholecalciferol than the single-dose group (P<0.001).
    • Key findings · abstract:There was no difference observed in cholecalciferol area under the curve (AUC28) between groups (P=0.49).
    • Key findings · abstract:However, the single-dose group had a significantly greater mean 25(OH)D AUC28 compar[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:There was no difference observed in cholecalciferol area under the curve (AUC28) between groups (P=0.49).
    • AUC · abstract:However, the single-dose group had a significantly greater mean 25(OH)D AUC28 compared with the daily group (P<0.001).
75. HumanPharmacokinetics and safety issues of an accidental overdose of 2,000,000 IU of vitamin D3 in two nursing home patients: a case report.
    BMC Pharmacol Toxicol, 2014 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
    PMID 25269374DOI 10.1186/2050-6511-15-57PMC4185191 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:CASE PRESENTATION: Two patients, a Caucasian 90-year old man and a 95-year old woman, were monitored from 1 h up to 3 months after intake for clinical as well as biochemical signs of vitamin D intoxication.
    • Key findings · abstract:Remarkably, plasma calcium levels increased only slightly up to 2.68 and 2.73 mmol/L, respectively (ref: 2.20-2.65 mmol/L) between 1 and 14 days after intake, whereas phosphate and creatinine levels remained within the reference range.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSION: A single massive oral dose of 2,000,000 IU of vitamin D3 does not cause clinically apparent toxicity requiring hospitalization, with only sli[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
76. HumanPharmacokinetics of oral vitamin D(3) and calcifediol.
    Bone, 2014 · Design: randomized; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
    PMID 24516879
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Additionally, it is unclear whether bolus doses of vitamin D3 or calcifediol lead to 25(OH)D3 plasma concentrations considered desirable for fracture prevention (30 ng/mL).
    • Key findings · abstract:We therefore investigated plasma pharmacokinetics of 25(OH)D3 during different vitamin D3 and calcifediol supplementation regimens.
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: In this seven-arm, randomized, double-blind, controlled parallel-group study, 35 healthy females aged 50–70 years (5 per group) received 20 μg calcifediol or vitamin D(3) daily, 140 μg calcifediol or vitamin D(3) weekly, for 15 weeks, or a single bolus of either 140 μg calcifediol,[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • AUC · abstract:RESULTS: For daily (weekly) dosing, the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–24h), which is the measure for exposure, was 28% (67%) higher after the first dose of calcifediol than after the first dose of vitamin D3.
    • AUC · abstract:A single dose of 140 μg calcifediol led to 117% higher 25(OH)D3 AUC0–96h values than 140 μg vitamin D3, while the simultaneous intake of both did not further increase exposure.
77. HumanVitamin D does not increase calcium absorption in young women: a randomized clinical trial.
    J Bone Miner Res, 2014 · Design: randomized; double-blind; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 24166866DOI 10.1002/jbmr.2121
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:A total of 198 white and African American women, aged 25 to 45 years, with vitamin D insufficiency, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) <20 ng/mL, were randomized in a double-blind study to vitamin D3 400, 800, 1600, 2400 IU, or placebo.
    • Key findings · abstract:Calcium absorption was measured at baseline and after 12 months using a single isotope method with radiocalcium45 and 100 mg of calcium.
    • Key findings · abstract:Mean baseline serum 25OHD was 13.4 ng/mL (33.5 nmol/L) and increased to 40 ng/mL (100 nmol/L) on the highest dose of 2400 IU.
    • Key findings · abstract:Using a multivariate regression analysis with significant predictors, baseline absorption, calc[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
78. HumanVitamin D supplementation increases calcium absorption without a threshold effect.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2014 · Design: randomized; double-blind; stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 24335055DOI 10.3945/ajcn.113.067199
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine whether there is a threshold beyond which increasing doses of vitamin D, or concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], no longer increase calcium absorption.
    • Key findings · abstract:The technique of dual isotopes of stable calcium was used with a calcium carrier to measure calcium absorption at baseline and after 8 wk.
    • Key findings · abstract:The mean calcium intake was 1142 ± 509 mg/d and serum 25(OH)D was 63 ± 14 nmol/L at baseline.
    • Key findings · abstract:A statistically significant linear trend of an increase in calcium absorption adjusted for age and body mass index with increasing vitamin D₃ dose or[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
79. HumanAssociations between vitamin D-binding protein isotypes, circulating 25(OH)D levels, and vitamin D metabolite uptake in colon cancer cells.
    Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 2014 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
    PMID 24472850DOI 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0269PMC3975660 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Metabolite uptake was evaluated in human colon cancer (HCT-116) cells treated with ethanol vehicle, 1,25(OH)2D, or 25(OH)D, and with plasma from individuals with known GC isotype.
    • Key findings · abstract:Mammalian-2-hybrid and vitamin D-responsive element-based luciferase assays were used to measure the vitamin D receptor pathway activation as a marker for metabolite uptake.
    • Key findings · abstract:Regression analysis demonstrated significantly lower serum 25(OH)D concentration for clinical trial participants with 1F_2, 1S_2, or 2_2 isotypes (P < 0.01) compared with 1S_1S.
    • Key findings · abstract:Consistent with these in vivo observations, cellular data reve[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
80. HumanPhotobiology of vitamin D in mushrooms and its bioavailability in humans.
    Dermatoendocrinol, 2013 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (green)
    PMID 24494050DOI 10.4161/derm.23321PMC3897585 (free full text)
    Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
    • Key findings · abstract:A study of the bioavailability of vitamin D2 in mushrooms compared with the bioavailability of vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 in a supplement revealed that ingestion of 2000 IUs of vitamin D2 in mushrooms is as effective as ingesting 2000 IUs of vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 in a supplement in raising and maintaining blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D which is a marker for a person's vitamin D status.
    • Food effect · full text, Section 'Bioavailability of Vitamin D2 in Mushroo':Stephenson et al. conducted a similar study where subjects were randomized to consume one serving of mushrooms with a standard meal each day for six weeks.22 Four groups received either one serving of non-UV-irradiated mushrooms plus meal (control), UV irradiated mushrooms containing 352 IU vitamin D2 with a meal, UV irradiated mushrooms containing 684 IU vitamin D2 with a meal or a supplement con
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Photoproduction of Previtamin D2 in Mush':After 11.5 h, 50% of the previtamin D2 present in white button mushrooms had converted to vitamin D2 compared with only 19% of the previtamin D2 converted to vitamin D2 in the ampoules (Fig. 3).
    • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Bioavailability of Vitamin D2 in Mushroo':Biancuzzo et al. found that there was no difference in total 25(OH)D levels in healthy adults who consumed orange juice that was fortified with 1000 IU of vitamin D2 or 1000 IUs of vitamin D3 compared with consuming a supplement containing either 1000 IU vitamin D2 or 1000 IU vitamin D3.19 It was also found that there was no difference in the increase of 25(OH)D3 levels between subjects who consum
81. HumanVitamin D supplementation and calcium absorption during caloric restriction: a randomized double-blind trial.
    Am J Clin Nutr, 2013 · Design: randomized; double-blind; stable-isotope · n: n = 19 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 23364004DOI 10.3945/ajcn.112.044909PMC3578405 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:We measured TFCA with the use of dual-stable isotopes, 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, estradiol, calcitriol, and urinary calcium at baseline and 6 wk in weight loss and vitamin D(3)-supplementation (WL-D; n = 19), weight maintenance and vitamin D(3)-supplementation (WM-D; n = 20), weight loss and placebo (n = 22), and weight maintenance and placebo (n = 21) groups.
    • Key findings · abstract:The rise in serum 25(OH)D was greatest in the WL-D group (19.8 ± 14.5 nmol/L) compared with in WM-D (9.1 ± 10.3 nmol/L) and placebo groups (1.5 ± 10.9 nmol/L).
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum 25(OH)D or 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D did not correlate with TFCA.
82. HumanFatty acids affect micellar properties and modulate vitamin D uptake and basolateral efflux in Caco-2 cells.
    J Nutr Biochem, 2013 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 23769762DOI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.03.004
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:We have recently shown that vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) absorption is not a simple passive diffusion but involves cholesterol transporters.
    • Key findings · abstract:The micelles were then administered to human Caco-2 cells in culture to evaluate FA effects on (i) cholecalciferol uptake and basolateral efflux and (ii) the regulation of genes coding proteins involved in lipid absorption process.
    • Key findings · abstract:Long-chain FAs at 500 μM in mixed micelles decreased cholecalciferol uptake in Caco-2 cells.
83. HumanBioavailability of vitamin D(2) and D(3) in healthy volunteers, a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013 · Design: randomized; double-blind · n: n = 19 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 24001747DOI 10.1210/jc.2012-4287
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
84. HumanLong-term bioavailability after a single oral or intramuscular administration of 600,000 IU of ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol: implications for treatment and prophylaxis.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013 · Design: randomized · n: 24 subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 23766519DOI 10.1210/jc.2013-1586
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:CONTEXT: We previously showed that a single high dose of oral (po) cholecalciferol (D₃) sharply increases serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D].
    • Key findings · abstract:MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum 25(OH)D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)₂D] were measured at baseline and at days 30, 60, 90, and 120 by RIA.
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum 1,25(OH)₂D₂, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1,25(OH)₂D₃], 24,25-hydroxyvitamin D₂ [24,25(OH)D₂], and 24,25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ [24,25(OH)D₃] were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a subgroup of patients receiving the po formulations.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The areas under the curve of 25(OH)D[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
85. HumanA randomized trial of vitamin D₃ supplementation in children: dose-response effects on vitamin D metabolites and calcium absorption.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013 · Design: randomized; stable-isotope · n: n = 323 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (green)
    PMID 24092833DOI 10.1210/jc.2013-2728PMC3849678 (free full text)
    Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)₂D) were measured using RIA and intact PTH (iPTH) by immunoradiometric assay.
    • Key findings · abstract:Fractional calcium absorption was determined from an oral stable isotope ⁴⁴Ca (5 mg) in a 150-mg calcium meal.
    • Key findings · abstract:There was no dose effect of vitamin D on fractional calcium absorption when adjusted for pill compliance, race, sex, or baseline 25(OH)D.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSION: Large increases in serum 25(OH)D with vitamin D₃ supplementation did not increase calcium absorption in healthy children living at 2 different latitudes.
    • Food effect · abstract:Fractional calcium absorption was determined from an oral stable isotope ⁴⁴Ca (5 mg) in a 150-mg calcium meal.
86. HumanCalcium absorption response to cholecalciferol supplementation in hemodialysis.
    Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2013 · Design: clinical trial · n: 30 participants · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
    PMID 23411428DOI 10.2215/CJN.08610812PMC3675848 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Paired calcium absorption tests were done before and after 12-13 weeks of 20,000 IU weekly cholecalciferol supplementation in 30 participants with stage 5 CKD on hemodialysis.
    • Key findings · abstract:Calcium absorption was tested with a standardized meal containing 300 mg calcium carbonate intrinsically labeled with (45)Ca; 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were measured.
    • Key findings · abstract:The median baseline calcium absorption was 12% (7%-17%) and 12% (7%-16%) at the end of study.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: Patients with stage 5 CKD on hemodialysis had very low calcium absorption v[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:Calcium absorption was tested with a standardized meal containing 300 mg calcium carbonate intrinsically labeled with (45)Ca; 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were measured.
87. HumanStability and bioavailability of vitamin D nanoencapsulated in casein micelles.
    Food Funct, 2012 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 22569895DOI 10.1039/c2fo10249h
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The aims of the current study were to improve performance by adding an ultra-high-pressure homogenization step, and to evaluate the protection conferred by re-assembled CM (rCM) against VD thermal and oxidative degradation, and the bioavailability of VD(3) in rCM, by a clinical trial.
    • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability of a single-dose of 50,000 international-units (IU) VD(3) encapsulated in rCM, in 1% fat milk, investigated in a randomized double blinded placebo controlled clinical study with 87 human volunteers, was at least as high as that using an aqueous Tween-80-emulsified VD(3) supplement.
    • Key findings · abstract:We conclude[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
88. HumanCalcium intake and prostate cancer among African Americans: effect modification by vitamin D receptor calcium absorption genotype.
    J Bone Miner Res, 2012 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 21887707DOI 10.1002/jbmr.505PMC3234334 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Compared with men in the lowest quartile of calcium intake, men in the highest quartile had an approximately twofold increased risk of localized and advanced prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.40, 3.46), with a significant dose-response.
    • Key findings · abstract:Poor absorbers of calcium (VDR Cdx2 GG genotype) had a significantly lower risk of advanced prostate cancer (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.90).
89. HumanThe effect of vitamin D on calcium absorption in older women.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2012 · Design: randomized; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 22855333DOI 10.1210/jc.2012-2020PMC3462946 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to study the effect of increasing doses of vitamin D3 on calcium absorption.
    • Key findings · abstract:PARTICIPANTS: Participants included 163 postmenopausal Caucasian women with vitamin D insufficiency, defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) below 20 ng/ml (50 nmol/liter).
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Mean serum 25OHD increased from baseline 15.6 ng/ml (39 nmol/liter) to 46.5 ng/ml (112 nmol/liter) in subjects randomized to the highest dose of vitamin D (4800 IU).
    • Key findings · abstract:Calcium absorption was more significantly related to serum 25OHD (R2=0.50;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Key findings · abstract:Calcium absorption of a 100-mg dose increased from 52-58[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:The increase in absorbed calcium of 6% on high doses of vitamin D is so small that the same amount could be obtained from half a glass of milk (100 ml) or 100 mg elemental calcium.
90. Human25-Hydroxyvitamin D response to cholecalciferol supplementation in hemodialysis.
    Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2012 · Design: randomized; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
    PMID 22798536DOI 10.2215/CJN.12761211PMC3430950 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The time course of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured over the course of treatment.
91. HumanErgocalciferol from mushrooms or supplements consumed with a standard meal increases 25-hydroxyergocalciferol but decreases 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the serum of healthy adults.
    J Nutr, 2012 · Design: randomized · n: n = 10 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 22623385DOI 10.3945/jn.112.159764
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 25-hydroxyergocalciferol [25(OH)D2] were 83 ± 38 and 2.4 ± 2.0 nmol/L, respectively, at baseline (mean ± SD).
    • Key findings · abstract:At wk 6, 25(OH)D2 had increased and was higher in all treatment groups than in the C group, whereas 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] had decreased and was lower in the M2 and S groups than in the C group.
    • Key findings · abstract:In summary, ergocalciferol was absorbed and metabolized to 25(OH)D2 but did not affect vitamin D status, because 25(OH)D3 decreased proportionally.
    • Fractional absorption · abstract:In summary, ergocalciferol was absorbed and metabolized to 25(OH)D2 but did not affect vitamin D status, because 25(OH)D3 decreased proportionally.
    • Food effect · abstract:Thirty-eight volunteers were randomized to 4 treatments consumed with a standard meal for 6 wk: the control (C) group received untreated mushrooms providing 0.85 μg/d ergocalciferol (n = 10); groups M1 and M2 received UV-treated mushrooms providing 8.8 (n = 10) and 17.1 μg/d (n = 9), respectively; and the supplement (S) group received purified ergocalciferol plus untreated mushrooms, providing a total of 28.2 μg/d (n = 9).
92. HumanBioavailable vitamin D in chronic kidney disease.
    Kidney Int, 2012 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 22699377DOI 10.1038/ki.2012.135
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
93. HumanPharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of calcium-vitamin D(3) chewable tablets: a single-blind, multiple-dose study in postmenopausal women.
    Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol, 2011 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 21635154DOI 10.1517/17425255.2011.591378
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of a newly developed calcium carbonate-vitamin D₃ chewable tablet formulation (600 mg of calcium + 400 IU of vitamin D₃) on serum/urine calcium and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) as measures of intestinal calcium absorption compared to a placebo.
    • Key findings · abstract:Total urinary calcium excretion (Ae(0-24 h)) and AUC(0-6 h) for serum calcium were the primary outcome variables and were compared between treatments using a paired sample t-test.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Ae(0-24 h) increased by 42% (uncorrected, p = 0.0001) and 30% (creatinine-corrected, p = 0.
    • AUC · abstract:Total urinary calcium excretion (Ae(0-24 h)) and AUC(0-6 h) for serum calcium were the primary outcome variables and were compared between treatments using a paired sample t-test.
    • AUC · abstract:RESULTS: Ae(0-24 h) increased by 42% (uncorrected, p = 0.0001) and 30% (creatinine-corrected, p = 0.0001), after intake, compared with the placebo; serum calcium exposure (AUC(0-6 h)) was also, statistically, significantly greater.
    • AUC · abstract:PTH, in serum, decreased by 28% (AUC(0-6 h), p = 0.0001) and 14% (AUC(0-24 h), p = 0.0009) when compared with the placebo.
    • Food effect · abstract:The subjects fasted until 6 h post-dosing.
94. HumanUse of a novel vitamin D bioavailability test demonstrates that vitamin D absorption is decreased in patients with quiescent Crohn's disease.
    Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2011 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 21910173DOI 10.1002/ibd.21595
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:The aim of this study was to determine the ability of normal subjects and patients with quiescent CD to absorb vitamin D(2) using a novel vitamin D bioavailability test.
    • Key findings · abstract:In addition, we evaluated whether the location of disease or previous surgery had any influence on the bioavailability of vitamin D(2) in CD patients.
    • Key findings · abstract:After a baseline blood draw, all subjects were then given a single 50,000 IU oral dose of vitamin D(2) in a capsule formulation and had their blood drawn 12 hours later to determine serum vitamin D(2), which reflected their vitamin D(2) absorption capacity.
    • Key findings · abstract:CD patients had[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
95. HumanBioavailability of vitamin D in malnourished adolescents with anorexia nervosa.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 21632810DOI 10.1210/jc.2011-0243PMC3146790 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:MAIN OUTCOMES: Serum D₂, D₃, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, collected before ingestion, at 6 and 24 h and weekly for 4 wk, and body composition measures were measured.
    • Key findings · abstract:Baseline D₃ was higher in AN subjects (12.1 ± 9.6 vs. 3.1 ± 2.3 nmol/liter, P < 0.001) and remained higher throughout. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D followed a common trajectory (time × group interaction P = 0.15), rising to 45 ± 10 nmol/liter at 24 h but returning to baseline by wk 3 (P = 0.36).
96. HumanVitamin D absorption: consequences of gastric bypass surgery.
    Eur J Endocrinol, 2011 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
    PMID 21339336DOI 10.1530/EJE-10-1126
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: Absorption characteristics of cholecalciferol were studied in 14 morbidly obese, premenopausal women before and 4 weeks after laparoscopic RYGB.
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum cholecalciferol levels were measured at baseline and 1, 2, 3, and 14 days after a single oral dose of 50 000 IU solubilized cholecalciferol.
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Peak serum cholecalciferol levels were observed on day 1 in all patients.
97. HumanBioavailability of vitamin D3 in non-oily capsules: the role of formulated compounds and implications for intermittent replacement.
    Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol, 2010 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (gold)
    PMID 20485915DOI 10.1590/s0004-27302010000200022
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Samples were collected in the fasting state and at 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours following the administration of capsules and oily drops (both containing vitamin D3 66,000 UI plus vitamin A 13,200 UI) to determine serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (25OHD), at baseline and 90 days after.
    • Key findings · abstract:The evaluation was based on the maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0-24).
    • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: The capsule formulation presented Cmax and AUC0-24, 5.78% and 0.76%, respectively, greater than the oily drops formulation.
    • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSION: Both formulations were within the limits for a bioequivalence stu[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Cmax · abstract:The evaluation was based on the maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0-24).
    • Cmax · abstract:RESULTS: The capsule formulation presented Cmax and AUC0-24, 5.78% and 0.76%, respectively, greater than the oily drops formulation.
    • Cmax · abstract:CONCLUSION: Both formulations were within the limits for a bioequivalence study, namely C-90% for Cmax and AUC0-24, and the drugs were considered bioequivalent.
    • AUC · abstract:The evaluation was based on the maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0-24).
    • AUC · abstract:RESULTS: The capsule formulation presented Cmax and AUC0-24, 5.78% and 0.76%, respectively, greater than the oily drops formulation.
    • AUC · abstract:CONCLUSION: Both formulations were within the limits for a bioequivalence study, namely C-90% for Cmax and AUC0-24, and the drugs were considered bioequivalent.
    • Food effect · abstract:Samples were collected in the fasting state and at 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours following the administration of capsules and oily drops (both containing vitamin D3 66,000 UI plus vitamin A 13,200 UI) to determine serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (25OHD), at baseline and 90 days after.
98. HumanVitamin D-mediated calcium absorption in patients with clinically stable Crohn's disease: a pilot study.
    Mol Nutr Food Res, 2010 · Design: stable-isotope · n: n=4 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
    PMID 20306476DOI 10.1002/mnfr.200900351PMC2950313 (free full text)
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:All subjects had fractional calcium absorption (FCA; by the dual calcium isotope method), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, serum calcium and 24 h urinary calcium excretion measurements at baseline.
    • Key findings · abstract:Serum calcium and 24 h urinary calcium determinations were re-assessed after each increasing dose of calcitriol as safety measures.
99. HumanTaking vitamin D with the largest meal improves absorption and results in higher serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
    J Bone Miner Res, 2010 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
    PMID 20200983DOI 10.1002/jbmr.67
    Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
    • Key findings · abstract:Many patients treated for vitamin D deficiency fail to achieve an adequate serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] despite high doses of ergo- or cholecalciferol.
    • Key findings · abstract:The objective of this study was to determine whether administration of vitamin D supplement with the largest meal of the day would improve absorption and increase serum levels of 25(OH)D.
    • Key findings · abstract:The main outcome measure was the serum 259(OH)D level after 2 to 3 months.
    • Key findings · abstract:The mean baseline serum 25(OH)D level (+/-SD) was 30.5 +/- 4.7 ng/mL (range 21.6 to 38.8 ng/mL).
    • Key findings · abstract:The mean serum 25(OH)D level after diet modification (+/-SD) was[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
    • Food effect · abstract:The objective of this study was to determine whether administration of vitamin D supplement with the largest meal of the day would improve absorption and increase serum levels of 25(OH)D.
    • Food effect · abstract:A subgroup analysis based on the weekly dose of vitamin D was performed, and a similar trend was observed.Thus it is concluded that taking vitamin D with the largest meal improves absorption and results in about a 50% increase in serum levels of 25(OH)D levels achieved.
100. HumanThe same annual dose of 292000 IU of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) on either daily or four monthly basis for elderly women: 1-year comparative study of the effects on serum 25(OH)D concentrations and renal function.
     Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2010 · Design: randomized; double-blind · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 19486025DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03637.x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:MEASUREMENTS: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D(3)] in relation to the target levels of 50-75 nmol/l, PTH, serum type I procollagen aminoterminal propeptide (PINP), serum and urine calcium, renal function.
     • Key findings · abstract:PINP declined and urinary calcium rose similarly in the study groups over time (P < 0.0001).
     • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: In terms of serum 25(OH)D(3) concentrations, 800 IU daily was more efficient than a 97333 IU every 4 months.
101. HumanA convergent model for placental dysfunction encompassing combined sub-optimal one-carbon donor and vitamin D bioavailability.
     Med Hypotheses, 2009 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 19819084DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.03.057
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
102. Human1,25(OH)2 vitamin d inhibits foam cell formation and suppresses macrophage cholesterol uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
     Circulation, 2009 · Design: not stated · n: n=15 · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
     PMID 19667238DOI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.856070PMC3099646 (free full text)
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Macrophages from the same patients in all groups were cultured in vitamin D-deficient or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] -supplemented media and exposed to modified low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) suppressed foam cell formation by reducing acetylated or oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol uptake in diabetic subjects only.
     • Key findings · abstract:Conversely, deletion of the vitamin D receptor in macrophages from diabetic patients accelerated foam cell formation induced by modified LDL. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) downregulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation reduced peroxisome p[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
103. HumanThe bioavailability of vitamin D from fortified cheeses and supplements is equivalent in adults.
     J Nutr, 2008 · Design: randomized · n: n = 20 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 18567762DOI 10.1093/jn/138.7.1365
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The primary outcome was the comparison of vitamin D bioavailability, as measured by the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] response, between fortified cheeses and supplement.
     • Key findings · abstract:Compared with baseline, serum parathyroid hormone decreased with both fortification (P = 0.003) and supplementation (P = 0.012).
     • Food effect · abstract:Eighty adults were randomized to weekly servings of fortified cheddar cheese (DC) (34 g; n = 20); fortified low-fat cheese (DLF) (41 g; n = 10); liquid vitamin D supplement (1 mL), taken with food (DS+) (n = 20) or without food (DS-) (n = 10); placebo cheddar cheese (n = 10); or placebo supplement (n = 10).
104. HumanPharmacokinetics of a single, large dose of cholecalciferol.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 2008 · Design: randomized · n: 30 subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 18326608DOI 10.1093/ajcn/87.3.688
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Serum calcidiol concentrations were followed for 4 mo.
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Serum calcidiol rose promptly after cholecalciferol dosing from a mean (+/-SD) baseline of 27.1 +/- 7.7 ng/mL to a concentration maximum of 42.0 +/- 9.1 ng/mL.
     • Key findings · abstract:The dosing interval should be < or =2 mo to ensure continuous serum calcidiol concentrations above baseline.
105. HumanA randomised comparison of increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration after 4 weeks of daily oral intake of 10 microg cholecalciferol from multivitamin tablets or fish oil capsules in healthy young adults.
     Br J Nutr, 2007 · Design: randomized · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 17456248DOI 10.1017/S000711450773074XPDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Our objective was to test whether 4 weeks of daily supplementation with 10 mug cholecalciferol given as a fish oil capsule produces a larger increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) concentration compared with the same dose of cholecalciferol given as a multivitamin tablet.
     • Food effect · abstract:After completing a self-administered questionnaire about diet and sunshine exposure and having a non-fasting venous blood sample drawn, participants were randomised to receive daily multivitamin tablets (n 28) or fish oil capsules (n 27), each containing equal doses of cholecalciferol.
     • Food effect · full text, p.1:the study and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After completing a self-administered questionnaire about diet and sunshine exposure and having a non-fasting venous blood sample drawn, participants were randomised to receive daily multivitamin tablets (n 28) or fish oil capsules (n 27), each containing equal doses of cholecalciferol. A second blood sample was drawn after 28 d. Mean baseline s-25(OH
     • Form comparison · full text, p.1:ementation with 10 mg cho- lecalciferol given as a fish oil capsule produces a larger increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) concentration compared with the same dose of cholecalciferol given as a multivitamin tablet. A total of seventy-four healthy subjects aged 19– 49 years were initially included and fifty-five of these completed the study and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After
     • Form comparison · full text, p.6:Ross, B Caballero and RJ Cousins, editors]. Hagerstown MD: comparison of the effects of the vitamin D3 adequate intake Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. versus 100 mcg (4000 IU) per d on biochemical responses and 5. Vieth R (1999) Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin the wellbeing of patients. Nutr J 3, 8. D concentrations, and safety. Am J Clin Nutr 69, 842 – 856. 17. Davie MW, Lawson DE, Em
106. HumanBread fortified with cholecalciferol increases the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in women as effectively as a cholecalciferol supplement.
     J Nutr, 2006 · Design: randomized · n: 41 healthy women · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 16365070DOI 10.1093/jn/136.1.123
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:In a single-blind bioavailability study, 41 healthy women, 25-45 y old, with mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration 29 nmol/L (range 12-45 nmol/L), were randomly assigned to 4 study groups.
     • Key findings · abstract:Both fortified breads increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration as effectively as the cholecalciferol supplement.
107. HumanBioavailability of vitamin D from fortified process cheese and effects on vitamin D status in the elderly.
     J Dairy Sci, 2005 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: 4 participants · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 15956292DOI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72907-6
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We conducted 2 studies to determine the effect of vitamin D-fortified cheese on vitamin D status and the bioavailability of vitamin D in cheese.
     • Key findings · abstract:The first study was designed to determine the effect of 2 mo of daily consumption of vitamin D3-fortified (600 IU/d) process cheese on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and osteocalcin (OC) concentrations among 100 older (> or =60 yr) men and women.
     • Key findings · abstract:Serum levels of 25-OHD, PTH, and OC were measured at the beginning and end of the study.
     • Key findings · abstract:The vitamin D-fortified cheese group had a greater decrease in 25-OHD than other[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • AUC · abstract:Peak serum vitamin D and area under the curve were similar between younger (23 to 50 yr) and older (72 to 84 yr) adults, and vitamin D2 was absorbed more efficiently from cheese than from water.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Peak serum vitamin D and area under the curve were similar between younger (23 to 50 yr) and older (72 to 84 yr) adults, and vitamin D2 was absorbed more efficiently from cheese than from water.
108. HumanPharmacokinetics of doxercalciferol, a new vitamin D analogue that lowers parathyroid hormone.
     Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2003 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 12637645DOI 10.1093/ndt/gfg030
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Bioavailability of 1,25(OH)(2)D(2) from a single 5 micro g 1alpha(OH)D(2) oral-capsule dose was estimated to be normally approximately 42% of that from a 5 micro g intravenous injection.
     • Key findings · abstract:Steady-state serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)(2)D(2) were attainable within 8 day, and fluctuated approximately 2.5-fold from peak to trough when oral 1alpha(OH)D(2) doses were taken every second day, and the terminal half-life was 34+/-14 h.
     • Key findings · abstract:Mean steady-state serum concentrations rose less than proportionally (from 20 to 45 pg/ml) on increasing oral 1alpha(OH)D(2) doses from 5 to 15 micro g every[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Steady-state serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)(2)D(2) were attainable within 8 day, and fluctuated approximately 2.5-fold from peak to trough when oral 1alpha(OH)D(2) doses were taken every second day, and the terminal half-life was 34+/-14 h.
109. HumanPharmacokinetics and safety of ILX23-7553, a non-calcemic-vitamin D3 analogue, in a phase I study of patients with advanced malignancies.
     Invest New Drugs, 2003 · Design: clinical trial · n: 2 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 14586212DOI 10.1023/a:1026203418976
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Pharmacokinetics at dose levels 14 (40 mug/m(2)/day) (1 patient) and 15 (45 mug/m(2)/day) (2 patients) demonstrated an average C(max) of 30.4 +/- 7.8 pg/ml (0.07 nM) and 104 +/- 38.2 pg/ml (0.25 nM), and AUCs of 222.5 +/- 225.2 pg.h/ml and 855 +/- 536 pg h/ml, respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:While in vitro effects have been reported at these concentrations, they were at least 10-fold lower than ED(50)s, and the study was terminated before an MTD was reached.
     • Cmax · abstract:Pharmacokinetics at dose levels 14 (40 mug/m(2)/day) (1 patient) and 15 (45 mug/m(2)/day) (2 patients) demonstrated an average C(max) of 30.4 +/- 7.8 pg/ml (0.07 nM) and 104 +/- 38.2 pg/ml (0.25 nM), and AUCs of 222.5 +/- 225.2 pg.h/ml and 855 +/- 536 pg h/ml, respectively.
     • AUC · abstract:Pharmacokinetics at dose levels 14 (40 mug/m(2)/day) (1 patient) and 15 (45 mug/m(2)/day) (2 patients) demonstrated an average C(max) of 30.4 +/- 7.8 pg/ml (0.07 nM) and 104 +/- 38.2 pg/ml (0.25 nM), and AUCs of 222.5 +/- 225.2 pg.h/ml and 855 +/- 536 pg h/ml, respectively.
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:While in vitro effects have been reported at these concentrations, they were at least 10-fold lower than ED(50)s, and the study was terminated before an MTD was reached.
110. HumanAbsorption of calcium administered alone or in fixed combination with vitamin D to healthy volunteers.
     Arzneimittelforschung, 2001 · Design: clinical trial · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 11455682DOI 10.1055/s-0031-1300069
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the absorption of calcium administered alone and in fixed combination with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3, CAS 67-97-0).
     • Key findings · abstract:Urinary excretion of total calcium, and serum concentration of free and total calcium, 25-OH-vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone were carefully analysed the day before (baseline) and on the 4th day of dosing, with validated methods.
     • Key findings · abstract:The effect of cholecalciferol in promoting calcium absorption was clearly observed from urinary excretion of total calcium, which with the test treatment showed a 16.6% increase in excretion (p = 0.025) compa[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • AUC · abstract:The area under the serum concentration-time curve of total calcium increased from day -1 to day 4 from 550.98 to 575.90 mg l-1 h with test and from 543.03 to 568.16 mg l-1 h with reference.
111. HumanDecreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 2000 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 10966885DOI 10.1093/ajcn/72.3.690
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: This study assessed whether obesity alters the cutaneous production of vitamin D(3) (cholecalciferol) or the intestinal absorption of vitamin D(2) (ergocalciferol).
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: Obese subjects had significantly lower basal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and higher parathyroid hormone concentrations than did age-matched control subjects.
     • Key findings · abstract:BMI was inversely correlated with serum vitamin D(3) concentrations after irradiation (r = -0.55, P: = 0.003) and with peak serum vitamin D(2) concentrations after vitamin D(2) intake (r = -0.56, P: = 0.007).
     • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSIONS: Obesity-associated vit[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
112. HumanBioavailability of vitamin D from wild edible mushrooms (Cantharellus tubaeformis) as measured with a human bioassay.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1999 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 9925129DOI 10.1093/ajcn/69.1.95
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:OBJECTIVE: We investigated the bioavailability of vitamin D from wild edible mushrooms (Cantharellus tubaeformis) using the increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations as a measure of vitamin D bioavailability.
     • Key findings · abstract:DESIGN: Twenty-seven volunteers with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations <60 nmol/L (mean : 38.5 nmol/L; range: 15-60 nmol/L) were randomly divided into 3 groups of 9 persons each.
     • Key findings · abstract:RESULTS: At the beginning of the study, mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations did not differ significantly among the groups (P = 0.280).
     • Key findings · abstract:When all 3 groups were considered, serum 25[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
113. HumanSeasonal variations in vitamin D status and calcium absorption do not influence bone turnover in young women.
     Eur J Clin Nutr, 1998 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 9683332DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600591
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Significant reductions in serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and calcitriol, fractional calcium absorption (Fc220, measured by means of a stable strontium test), 24h urinary calcium and 24h urinary phosphorus excretion were observed during wintertime. 25OHD but not calcitriol was correlated with Fc220 values and with 24h urinary phosphorus excretion.
     • Key findings · abstract:Moreover, Fc220 was related to 24 h urinary calcium excretion.
     • Key findings · abstract:Fasting 2 h-urinary deoxypyridinoline concentrations (biomarker of bone resorption) and serum levels of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (biomarker[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Fasting 2 h-urinary deoxypyridinoline concentrations (biomarker of bone resorption) and serum levels of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (biomarker of bone formation) showed no differences between summer and winter.
114. HumanCalcium absorptive effects of vitamin D and its major metabolites.
     J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1997 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 9398723DOI 10.1210/jcem.82.12.4412
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The absorptive response to graded doses of vitamin D3, 25(OH)D, and 1,25(OH)2D was measured in healthy adult men after treatment periods of eight, four, and two weeks, respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:While no relationship was found between baseline absorption and serum vitamin D metabolite levels, all three vitamin D compounds significantly elevated 45Ca absorption from a 300 mg calcium load given as part of a standard test meal. 1,25(OH)2D was active even at the lowest dose (0.5 microgram/day), and the slope was such that doubling of absorption would occur at an oral dose of approximately 3 micrograms/day. 2[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:While no relationship was found between baseline absorption and serum vitamin D metabolite levels, all three vitamin D compounds significantly elevated 45Ca absorption from a 300 mg calcium load given as part of a standard test meal. 1,25(OH)2D was active even at the lowest dose (0.5 microgram/day), and the slope was such that doubling of absorption would occur at an oral dose of approximately 3 micrograms/day. 25(OH)D was also active in elevating absorption and did so without raising total 1,25(OH)2D levels.
115. HumanBioavailability of calcium supplements and the effect of Vitamin D: comparisons between milk, calcium carbonate, and calcium carbonate plus vitamin D.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1996 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: 20 healthy women · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 8602592DOI 10.1093/ajcn/63.3.354
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability of the different calcium-supplement regimens were evaluated by changes in 24-h urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium.
     • Key findings · abstract:A significant increase in urinary calcium excretion was found during all periods of supplementation compared with the placebo period (P<0.01).
     • Key findings · abstract:We conclude that the examined calcium carbonate regimen is at least as good a calcium supplement as milk, and that addition of 600 IU vitamin D/d promptly resulted in an increase in urinary calcium excretion after an increase in calcium absorption, even in healthy women.
116. HumanVitamin D analogs affect the uptake and metabolism of retinol by human epidermal keratinocytes in culture.
     J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc, 1996 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 9627692
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:This study demonstrates that synthetic vitamin D3 interferes with both the uptake and the metabolism of retinol by human epidermal keratinocytes.
117. HumanInfluence of dietary taurine on vitamin D absorption.
     Acta Paediatr, 1993 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 8241636DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb17616.x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:To evaluate the influence of dietary taurine supplementation on vitamin D absorption, we studied three groups of infants: 21 (11 preterm) were fed a taurine-free formula, 21 (10 preterm) were fed a taurine-supplemented formula (50 mg/100 g of powder) and 20 (9 preterm) were fed human, not heat-treated milk.
     • Food effect · abstract:To evaluate the influence of dietary taurine supplementation on vitamin D absorption, we studied three groups of infants: 21 (11 preterm) were fed a taurine-free formula, 21 (10 preterm) were fed a taurine-supplemented formula (50 mg/100 g of powder) and 20 (9 preterm) were fed human, not heat-treated milk.
     • Food effect · abstract:Also, 25OHD3 and 1,25OH2D3 levels were significantly lower in preterm infants fed a taurine-free formula than in infants fed a taurine-enriched formula or human milk.
118. HumanPlasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (calcifediol) as an indicator of ultraviolet radiation.
     Arctic Med Res, 1993 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 8305094
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:In the Antarctic preliminary investigations on penguins (Pygoscelis papua), female sea elephants (Mirounga leonina), and humans showed that there was an increase in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 concentrations during UV-exposure in all three species.
119. HumanIntestinal absorption of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in patients with both Crohn's disease and intestinal resection.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1991 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 1652198DOI 10.1093/ajcn/54.3.548
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We compared the intestinal absorption of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in patients with Crohn's disease and resections of the small bowel.
     • Key findings · abstract:Patients were subgrouped into those with small (less than 100 cm), intermediate (100-300 cm), and large (greater than 300 cm) resections. [3H]cholecalciferol or [3H]25-hydroxycholecalciferol were given orally and serial blood samples were taken for measurement of plasma radiolabeled vitamin.
     • Key findings · abstract:Absorption of both forms of the vitamin decreased with extent of resection but 25-hydroxycholecalciferol absorption was always greater than that of[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
120. HumanMalabsorption of thyroxine, calcium, and vitamin D in a thyroparathyroidectomized woman: efficacy of therapy with medium-chain triglyceride oil.
     Mil Med, 1990 · Design: stable-isotope · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 2110335
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:A 28-year-old woman with surgically induced hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism required large doses of replacement medications due to malabsorption from short bowel syndrome.
121. HumanBone disease in chronic childhood cholestasis. II. Better absorption of 25-OH vitamin D than vitamin D in extrahepatic biliary atresia.
     Pediatr Res, 1990 · Design: not stated · n: 2 subjects · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2296467DOI 10.1203/00006450-199001000-00006
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We evaluated baseline vitamin D (D2 and D3), 25-OH vitamin D2 and D3, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, bone mineral content, and vitamin D2 and 25-OH vitamin D3 absorption in six infants and children (age 4-22 mo) with EHBA whose portoenterostomy failed to produce bile flow (group 1) and five infants and children (age 10/12 to 8-4/12 y) with EHBA whose portoenterostomy repair led to good postoperative bile flow (group 2).
     • Key findings · abstract:Baseline serum vitamin D2 and D3 were undetectable in all subjects in group 1 despite supplements of 2500-5000 IU/day, whereas all group 2 subjects given supplements (doses 400-5000 IU[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • AUC · abstract:A significantly blunted rise of vitamin D2 above baseline and reduced area under the absorption curve after 1000 IU/kg vitamin D2 were found in group 1 patients compared to group 2 (both p less than 0.01), and five pediatric controls (both p less than 0.01).
     • AUC · abstract:The peak change and area under the absorption curve for serum 25-OH vitamin D3 from baseline after 10 micrograms/kg 25-OH vitamin D3 were significantly reduced for group 1 (both at least p less than 0.05) and group 2 compared to controls (both p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
122. Human[Intestinal calcium and vitamin D absorption in essential arterial hypertension].
     An Med Interna, 1990 · Design: not stated · n: 27 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 2103235
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The intestinal absorption of calcium and seric levels of calcifediol and calcitriol were studied in 27 patients with essential blood hypertension (BH) and 20 normal patients in a control group.
     • Key findings · abstract:We found a significantly higher rate of intestinal calcium absorption in the group of patients with BH and low PRA than in the control group (22.73 +/- 19.05 and 10.7 +/- 17.13% respectively) (p less than 0.025).
     • Key findings · abstract:The seric levels of calcitriol (1,25 (OH) 2D3) were significantly higher in the group of patients with hypertension and low PRA than in the control group (48.16 +/- 5.25 and 33.13 +/- 2.9 p[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
123. HumanChanges in the concentrations of vitamin D and its metabolites in the plasma of healthy subjects orally given physiological doses of vitamin D2 by multivitamin or vitamin D preparations.
     J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 1989 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (gold)
     PMID 2585147DOI 10.3177/jnsv.35.253PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Changes in the concentrations of vitamin D and its metabolites in plasma of healthy subjects orally given physiological doses of vitamin D2 by multivitamin or vitamin D liquid preparations were determined and the bioavailability of vitamin D was studied.
     • Key findings · abstract:Separative assay on the D2 and D3 compounds of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D], and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] was performed in plasma of eight healthy male volunteers.
     • Key findings · abstract:When the concentrations of vitamin D and its metabolites in plasma of volunteers were assayed after daily[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, p.13:gle dose may be insufficient to increase the plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D and 24,25(OH)2D. However, the single dose of 4,000IU of vitamin D2 (which is 40 times higher than the RDA in Japan) may not give a risk of hypervitaminosis D. We wishto thank Prof. H. Morii of Osaka City Universityfor his helpful discussion.We are also indebted to A. Morita of Osaka City University,and A. Takeuchi and N. Tsug
     • Food effect · full text, p.2:-OH-D3 since few healthy Japanese adults are taking daily exogenous vitamin D2 from multivitamin preparations or others. On the other hand, in bottle-fed neonates an increase in the plasma concentrations of 25-OH-D2 has been observed (5). From these back grounds, we have studied the bioavailability of vitamin D using healthy volunteers who received oral administration of 400IU of vitamin D2 per da
124. HumanBone disease in chronic childhood cholestasis. I. Vitamin D absorption and metabolism.
     Hepatology, 1989 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2783577DOI 10.1002/hep.1840090216
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Absorption of 25-OH vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 was evaluated by measuring serial serum concentrations after a test dose.
     • Key findings · abstract:Bone mineral content was reduced by greater than 2 S.D. in five of six subjects compared to age-specific controls; none had radiographic evidence of rickets but all had osteopenia.
     • Key findings · abstract:Baseline serum vitamin D2 concentrations were undetectable in all but one cholestatic subject despite oral supplementation with 2,500 to 50,000 IU per day vitamin D2.
     • Key findings · abstract:Baseline serum 25-OH vitamin D was 33.2 +/- 6.0 ng per ml (mean +/- S.E.) and comparable to our laboratory norms (15 to 50 ng[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • AUC · abstract:A significantly blunted rise and reduced area under the absorption curve (both p less than 0.001) after 1,000 IU per kg vitamin D2 was found in cholestatic children (0.8 ng +/- 0.5 ng per ml and 18.0 +/- 14.3 ng hr per ml, respectively) compared to controls (59.5 +/- 10.0 ng per ml and 1,780 +/- 253 ng hr per ml, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
125. HumanRole of vitamin D-dependent and vitamin D-independent mechanisms in absorption of food calcium.
     J Clin Invest, 1988 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 3335630DOI 10.1172/JCI113283PMC442483 (free full text)
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We measured net calcium absorption and the calcium content of the digestive glands secretions in people with widely different serum concentrations of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D (hereafter referred to a 1,25-D).
     • Key findings · abstract:Patients with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis served as a model of human 1,25-D deficiency; they were also studied when they had abnormally high serum 1,25-D concentrations as a result of short periods of treatment with exogenous 1,25-D.
     • Key findings · abstract:There was a linear correlation between true net calcium absorption and serum 1,25-D concentration.
     • Key findings · abstract:By extrapolating the short distance to a[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:For a given level of meal calcium intake, D-dependent calcium absorption was found to be directly proportional to serum 1,25-D concentration.
     • Food effect · abstract:At any given value for serum 1,25-D, absorption via the D-dependent mechanism was approximately the same with a low (120 mg) calcium meal as it was when meal calcium intake was increased to 300 mg.
     • Food effect · abstract:The D-independent absorption/secretion mechanism resulted in secretion (a loss of body calcium in the feces) when intake was low (120 mg per meal) and absorption when intake was normal.
126. HumanSerum vitamin D metabolites and nuclear uptake of (3H)-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in monocytes from patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis: a study of two radiological types.
     Bone, 1988 · Design: not stated · n: 13 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 3248198DOI 10.1016/8756-3282(88)90116-0
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The nuclear uptake of (3H)-1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in freshly isolated human monocytes and the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were investigated in 13 patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis and in sex- and age-matched controls.
     • Key findings · abstract:In type I osteopetrosis the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05), whereas serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor binding were normal.
     • Key findings · abstract:In type II osteopetrosis the serum vitamin D metabolites were normal, as was the maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of 1,25-dihydroxyv[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
127. HumanIntestinal absorption of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in chronic cholestatic liver disease.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1987 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2825501DOI 10.1093/ajcn/46.6.1011
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We compared the absorption of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in normal subjects and in patients with mild and severe cholestatic liver disease. 3H-cholecalciferol and 3H-25-hydroxycholecalciferol were given orally and serial blood samples were drawn for measurement of the serum level of radiolabeled vitamin.
     • Key findings · abstract:Absorption of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol peaked earlier and was greater than absorption of cholecalciferol at all times in all three groups.
     • Key findings · abstract:Those with severe cholestasis (jaundice and steatorrhea) had minimal absorption of cholecalciferol but relatively preserved absorpt[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
128. HumanIntestinal calcium absorption in patients after jejuno-ileal bypass or small intestinal resection and the effect of vitamin D.
     Digestion, 1986 · Design: stable-isotope · n: 21 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 3486789DOI 10.1159/000199304
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:A forearm counter and double-isotope technique were used to measure intestinal calcium absorption in 21 patients after jejuno-ileal bypass for obesity or small intestinal resection.
     • Key findings · abstract:In all but 2 patients calcium absorption was below the normal range for 10 male controls. 3 weeks treatment with 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D, 1 microgram b.d., or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1 microgram b.d., was associated with significant increases in absorption whereas 3 weeks treatment with 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D had no effect.
     • Key findings · abstract:This study demonstrates that oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
129. HumanVitamin D absorption in healthy subjects and in patients with intestinal malabsorption syndromes.
     Am J Clin Nutr, 1985 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 4050723DOI 10.1093/ajcn/42.4.644
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Serum vitamin D concentrations were evaluated in seven patients with intestinal fat malabsorption syndromes and in seven healthy, normal subjects, after being given a single oral dose of 50,000 IU (1.25 mg) vitamin D2.
     • Key findings · abstract:In the normal subjects, serum vitamin D concentrations rose from a baseline of less than 5 ng/ml to a peak of over 50 ng/ml by 12 h, gradually falling to baseline levels by 3 days.
     • Key findings · abstract:In five of the seven patients with intestinal fat malabsorption, oral administration of 50,000 IU vitamin D2 did not raise serum vitamin D concentrations above 10 ng/ml.
130. HumanSerum vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects after phototherapy.
     Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 1984 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 6608135DOI 10.3109/00365518409083787
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The serum concentrations of the major vitamin D metabolites (25-hydroxyvitamin D(2 + 3) (25-OH-D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(2 + 3) (1,25-(OH)2-D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(2 + 3) (24,25-(OH)2-D) were studied in 22 healthy male volunteers before and after one or two treatments with whole body UVB or PUVA in conventional doses.
     • Key findings · abstract:The pre-treatment values of two metabolites were significantly reduced in the spring compared to the autumn level (25-OH-D: 14.0 ng/ml versus 22.0 ng/ml, P less than 0.02; and 24,25-(OH)2-D: 1.23 ng/ml versus 2.74 ng/ml, P less than 0.01), whereas the serum concentra[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
131. HumanNutrient and mineral retention and vitamin D absorption in low-birth-weight infants: effect of medium-chain triglycerides.
     Pediatrics, 1983 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 6866590
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:A randomized prospective study of the effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) upon the absorption and retention of major minerals and nutrients, as well as upon 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, was performed in low-birth-weight infants.
     • Key findings · abstract:There was a significant improvement in the percent of fat absorption (P less than .05) with MCT, but no difference in the percent of absorption or retention of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, or nitrogen. 25-Hydroxy vitamin D levels decreased in both groups after full oral feeding volumes had been established, but all values were within normal ranges.
132. HumanIntestinal absorption and 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
     Scand J Gastroenterol, 1982 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 7134862DOI 10.3109/00365528209182066
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The absorption, metabolism, and excretion of vitamin D3 was studied in eight women with an established diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and the results were compared with those obtained from eight healthy women of a similar age.
     • Key findings · abstract:After this, the liver 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D was studied by administering an intravenous dose of tritiated vitamin D and then chromatographing serum samples to determine the radioactivity of the 25-OH D fraction.
     • Key findings · abstract:All PBC patients had normal 25-hydroxylation capacity of the vitamin, and there was no difference in the urinary excretion of radioact[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
133. HumanEffects off short term glucocorticoid administration on intestinal calcium absorption and circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations in man.
     J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1981 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 6969728DOI 10.1210/jcem-52-1-111
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:After 14 days of prednisone administration, intestinal 47Ca absorption had decreased by 31% from initial values (P < 0.001).
     • Key findings · abstract:However, mean serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D did not change significantly from initial values of 28.1 +/- 1.8 and 2.09 +/- 0.17 pg/ml, respectively, and the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration was slightly increased (baseline, 34.8 +/- 3.3; day 14, 54.0 +/- 7.1 pg/ml;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
134. Human25-hydroxy vitamin D absorption test in patients with gastrointestinal disorders.
     Calcif Tissue Int, 1980 · Design: not stated · n: 19 patients · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 6775786DOI 10.1007/BF02408539
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:To evaluate the relationships of a 25-hydroxy vitamin D absorption test to intestinal fat absorption and to the absorption of radioactively labeled vitamin D and 25-hydroxy vitamin D, an investigation was undertaken in 19 patients with gastrointestinal disorders.
     • Key findings · abstract:A correlation was noted between the results of the 25-hydroxy vitamin D absorption test and baseline 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels.
     • Key findings · abstract:No correlation was found between results of the 25-hydroxy vitamin D absorption test and quantitative fecal fat excretion.
     • Key findings · abstract:Peak values of the 25-hydroxy vitamin D absorption test correlated with net a[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
135. HumanVitamin D and magnesium absorption in man.
     Clin Sci (Lond), 1979 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 477243DOI 10.1042/cs0570121
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The effects of vitamin D and its hydroxylated derivatives on calcium and magnesium absorption have been examined in 47 balance studies on patients with various disorders of calcium or bone metabolism. 2.
     • Key findings · abstract:The mean net absorption of magnesium was also significantly increased although the rise was much less than that of calcium and the mean magnesium balance was unaffected. 3.
136. HumanCalcifediol in chronic renal insufficiency. Skeletal response.
     JAMA, 1976 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 946022
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
137. PrimateSpecies differences in the binding kinetics of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to vitamin D binding protein.
     Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 1990 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2078829DOI 10.1139/y90-207
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The specific binding of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to its binding protein was studied in serum of the human, rhesus monkey, cow, horse, and rat.
     • Key findings · abstract:In the human, the free fraction was 1.5 +/- 0.32 pmol free/nmol total, which was higher than in any of the other species (p less than 0.001).
     • Key findings · abstract:A technical outcome of this study is that of the species tested, vitamin D binding protein from rat serum is the most suitable as a reagent component for methods used to measure total 25-hydroxyvitamin D by competitive protein binding assay.
138. PigBioavailability of vitamin D biofortified pork meat: results of an acute human crossover study in healthy adults.
     Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2023 · Design: randomized; crossover · n: n = 14 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
     PMID 36843327DOI 10.1080/09637486.2023.2182256
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:This acute randomised three-way crossover study investigated the efficacy of vitamin D biofortified pork derived from pigs exposed to UVB light to increase serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations, compared to a dose-matched vitamin D3 supplement and control pork in adults (n = 14).
     • Key findings · abstract:UV pork and supplement significantly increased within-group serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations over timepoints (p < 0.05) (max. change 0.9 nmol/L (2.2%) UV pork, 1.5 nmol/L (3.5%) supplement, 0.7 nmol/L (1.9%) control).
     • Food effect · abstract:Blood samples were obtained at baseline and then 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 24 h postprandially.
139. PigD-VITylation: Harnessing the biology of vitamin D to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of peptides and small proteins.
     Int J Pharm, 2022 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 35863594DOI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122031
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
140. PigSafety pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetic assessment of human Gc globulin (vitamin D binding protein).
     Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2010 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 20560927DOI 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00587.x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The Gc globulin formulation was shown to be stable for at least 4 years with full retention of actin-binding capacity.
141. Pig[Effect of bile on intestinal calcium and vitamin D absorption. Animal experiment studies in swine].
     Wien Klin Wochenschr Suppl, 1986 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 3008448
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:One of the main questions arising is, whether VD3 and other vitamin D metabolites can be absorbed in the absence of the biliary system and which effect on the enterocyte can be observed.
     • Key findings · abstract:Intestinal Ca absorption and transport was estimated in piglets using triple lumen tube system and duodenal perfusion. 4 untreated animals and 3 experimental animals with bile deprivation for a period of 5 (7) days were studied.
     • Key findings · abstract:VD3 orally, measuring Ca absorption 5 days afterwards; 3 animals in addition were administered a daily dosage of 2 micrograms 1,25(OH)2D3, measuring the Ca absorption 5 (7) days af[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:One of the main questions arising is, whether VD3 and other vitamin D metabolites can be absorbed in the absence of the biliary system and which effect on the enterocyte can be observed.
142. RodentSubstitution of polysorbates by plant-based emulsifiers: impact on vitamin D bioavailability and gut health in mice.
     Commun Biol, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · not checked (off-topic)
     PMID 40483271DOI 10.1038/s42003-025-08293-4PMC12145454 (free full text)
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Combining PPI and CAX led to a similar vitamin D3 bioavailability to T80 in vitro and in vivo in mice.
     • Key findings · abstract:Conversely to previous studies conducted with higher doses of emulsifiers, T80, PPI, and PPI + CAX groups were similar to the control group (oil alone) in terms of physiological characteristics and inflammation biomarkers.
     • Key findings · abstract:However, LPS-specific serum IgG levels were reduced in the PPI (-31.05%, p = 0.0006) and PPI + CAX (-34.66%, p = 0.0001) groups compared to the T80 group at the end of the intervention.
143. RodentVitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is more efficacious than Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) at regulating calcium absorption and bone quality in rats.
     J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 40712802DOI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2025.106837
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Our results demonstrated that vitamin D3 supplementation elevated serum 25(OH)D levels more efficiently compared to vitamin D2, while concurrent D2 administration reduced the potential of D3 to increase 25(OH)D3 levels.
     • Key findings · abstract:Both D2 and D3 maintained serum Ca and PTH in the normal range.
     • Key findings · abstract:Intestinal 45Ca absorption was higher in groups receiving D3-based diets in a dose-dependent manner.
     • Key findings · abstract:Additionally, the expression of genes involved in renal calcium reabsorption (Trpv5, Calbindin-D28k, Pmca1b) and vitamin D metabolism/function (Cubilin, Vdr) were significantly altered in VDD group and better[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
144. RodentMicroalgae-derived sterols do not reduce the bioavailability of oral vitamin D3 in mice.
     Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 2023 · Design: randomized · n: 40 mice · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 36124519DOI 10.1024/0300-9831/a000766
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Contrary to the hypothesis that phytosterols adversely affect vitamin D uptake, mice fed β-sitosterol had significantly higher concentrations of vitamin D3 in plasma (3.15-fold, p<0.01), liver (3.15-fold, p<0.05), and skin (4.12-fold, p<0.005) than the control group.
     • Key findings · abstract:Small increases in vitamin D3 in plasma and skin were also observed in mice fed stigmasterol.
     • Key findings · abstract:The data rather suggest that changes in bile acid profiles were responsible for the beneficial effect of microalgae sterols on the bioavailability of vitamin D3.
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Contrary to the hypothesis that phytosterols adversely affect vitamin D uptake, mice fed β-sitosterol had significantly higher concentrations of vitamin D3 in plasma (3.15-fold, p<0.01), liver (3.15-fold, p<0.05), and skin (4.12-fold, p<0.005) than the control group.
     • Food effect · abstract:To investigate their effects on vitamin D status, 40 mice were randomized to four groups and fed a vitamin D3-adequate (25 μg/kg) Western-style diet with 0% phytosterols (control) or 1% ergosterol (a fungal sterol not typical for microalgae), β-sitosterol or stigmasterol for four weeks.
     • Food effect · abstract:Contrary to the hypothesis that phytosterols adversely affect vitamin D uptake, mice fed β-sitosterol had significantly higher concentrations of vitamin D3 in plasma (3.15-fold, p<0.01), liver (3.15-fold, p<0.05), and skin (4.12-fold, p<0.005) than the control group.
     • Food effect · abstract:Small increases in vitamin D3 in plasma
145. Rodent1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 stimulates active phosphate transport but not paracellular phosphate absorption in mouse intestine.
     J Physiol, 2021 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 33200827DOI 10.1113/JP280345
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:KEY POINTS: Intestinal absorption of phosphate proceeds via an active/transcellular route mostly mediated by NaPi-IIb/Slc34a2 and a poorly characterized passive/paracellular pathway.
     • Key findings · abstract:Intestinal phosphate absorption and expression of NaPi-IIb are stimulated by 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 but whether NaPi-IIb is the only target under hormonal control remains unknown.
     • Key findings · abstract:In both genotypes, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 induced similar hyperphosphaturic responses and changes in the plasma levels of FGF23 and PTH.
     • Key findings · abstract:While urinary phosphate loss induced by administration of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 did not alter plasm[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
146. RodentDifferential effects of vitamin D3 vs vitamin D2 on cellular uptake, tissue distribution and activation of vitamin D in mice and cells.
     J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2020 · Design: not stated · n: n = 12 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 33035648DOI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105768
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Human data show that the response of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) to supplementation with vitamin D3 is higher than to vitamin D2.
     • Key findings · abstract:To further investigate the hepatic uptake and hydroxylation of both D-vitamers to 25(OH)D, we conducted cell culture experiments with murine and human hepatoma cells (Hepa1-6 and HepG2).
     • Key findings · abstract:In mice, vitamin D2 resulted in lower serum and tissue concentrations of vitamin D (P < 0.001) than vitamin D3, while the group which received both D-vitamers showed values in between.
     • Key findings · abstract:Interestingly, vitamin D2 fed mice had 1.9-times and 2.9-times higher serum concentrations[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Interestingly, vitamin D2 fed mice had 1.9-times and 2.9-times higher serum concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D (P < 0.001) than mice fed vitamin D3, while the concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) was 1.8-times lower (P < 0.001).
     • Food effect · abstract:The metabolic routes of D3 and D2 in mice differ, showing lower circulating 1,25(OH)2D and tissue vitamin D concentrations in D2- than in D3-fed mice.
147. RodentCorrection: Milk protein complexation enhances post prandial vitamin D3 absorption in rats.
     Food Funct, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
     PMID 33146187DOI 10.1039/d0fo90053b
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Correction for 'Milk protein complexation enhances post prandial vitamin D3 absorption in rats' by Ida Emilie I.
148. RodentMilk protein complexation enhances post prandial vitamin D3 absorption in rats.
     Food Funct, 2020 · Design: not stated · n: n = 78 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
     PMID 32500128DOI 10.1039/d0fo01062f
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:This study investigated the effect of complexation with whey and casein protein, respectively, on post prandial absorption of vitamin D3.
     • Key findings · abstract:Serum concentrations of vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were measured before and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 hours after administration of vitamin D3.
     • Key findings · abstract:Significant effects of complexation on serum concentrations of vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were demonstrated.
     • Key findings · abstract:Complexation with whey protein isolate resulted in the fastest and highest absorption of vitamin D3 while an effect of complexati[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
149. RodentPoor bioavailability of vitamin D2 from ultraviolet-irradiated D2-rich yeast in rats.
     Nutr Res, 2018 · Design: not stated · n: n = 54 · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
     PMID 30442231DOI 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.07.008
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Ultraviolet-irradiated yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) can be used to biofortify bakery products with vitamin D, but in bread, it was not effective in increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in humans, possibly because of the low digestibility of the yeast matrix.
     • Key findings · abstract:We investigated the effects of vitamin D2-rich intact yeast cells and their separated fraction, yeast cell walls, which we hypothesized to provide vitamin D2 in a more bioavailable form, on serum 25(OH)D and its metabolites in growing female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 54) compared to vitamin D2 and D3 supplements (8 treatment[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
150. RodentBioavailability and efficacy of vitamin D2 from UV-irradiated yeast in growing, vitamin D-deficient rats.
     J Agric Food Chem, 2011 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
     PMID 21332187DOI 10.1021/jf104679cPMC3235799 (free full text)
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We assessed the bioavailability and efficacy of vitamin D in an 8 week dose-response study of bread made with vitamin D2-rich yeast compared to vitamin D3 in growing, vitamin D-deficient rats.
     • Key findings · abstract:Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels increased in a curvilinear, dose-dependent manner with both forms of vitamin D, but rats fed vitamin D2-rich yeast achieved lower levels than rats fed vitamin D3.
     • Key findings · abstract:Rats fed the highest doses of vitamin D had significantly greater (p<0.05) trabecular BMC, BMD, bone volume, and connectivity density, and greater midshaft total cross-sectional area, compared to ra[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels increased in a curvilinear, dose-dependent manner with both forms of vitamin D, but rats fed vitamin D2-rich yeast achieved lower levels than rats fed vitamin D3.
     • Food effect · abstract:Rats fed the highest doses of vitamin D had significantly greater (p<0.05) trabecular BMC, BMD, bone volume, and connectivity density, and greater midshaft total cross-sectional area, compared to rats on the vitamin D-deficient diets, with no significant difference due to vitamin D source.
151. RodentA characterization of vitamin D-independent intestinal calcium absorption in the osteopetrotic (op/op) mouse.
     Arch Biochem Biophys, 1999 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 10441375DOI 10.1006/abbi.1999.1286
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The vitamin D-deficient op/op mouse absorbed calcium faster than either a vitamin D-deficient or 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-supplemented wild-type mouse.
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The vitamin D-deficient op/op mouse absorbed calcium faster than either a vitamin D-deficient or 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-supplemented wild-type mouse.
152. RodentThe effects of different vitamin D-states on intestinal absorption of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in rats.
     Acta Physiol Scand, 1985 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2986415DOI 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1985.tb07610.x
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:At the end of this period [3H]-cholecalciferol (5 microCi) was administered intragastrically and the serum radioactivity was recorded after various periods of time.
     • Key findings · abstract:The animals with vitamin D deficiency displayed higher levels of serum radioactivity, which were to a great extent confined to the fractions of the more polar metabolites (25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3).
153. RodentComparison of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D absorption in the rat.
     Am J Physiol, 1982 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 6978078DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.1982.242.4.G326
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We have studied the intestinal absorption of physiological amounts of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] in vivo from jejunal sacs in rats with thoracic and bile duct cannulas.
     • Key findings · abstract:Under all test conditions, absorption of 25(OH)D was greater than absorption of vitamin D.
     • Key findings · abstract:The majority of absorbed vitamin D and 25(OH)D was transported from the intestine in portal blood rather than lymph.
     • Key findings · abstract:When the luminal fluid contained 2.5 mM oleic acid and monoolein, the presence of taurocholate did not affect total intestinal absorption of vitamin D or 25(OH)D but increased recovery of vitamin in[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The majority of absorbed vitamin D and 25(OH)D was transported from the intestine in portal blood rather than lymph.
154. RodentVitamin D uptake by the perfused rat liver is determined by its transport protein.
     Miner Electrolyte Metab, 1982 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · unknown
     PMID 6897786
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Radiolabelled vitamin D3 and 25(OH)vitamin D3 (25(OH)D) were added to an isolated perfused rat liver, bound either to lipoproteins or lipoprotein-free plasma.
     • Key findings · abstract:When vitamin D or 25(OH)D were added to the perfusate on lipoproteins there was a rapid decline in the amount present in the perfusate, as compared to when they were added bound to lipoprotein-free plasma.
     • Key findings · abstract:The uptake of vitamin D and 25(OH)D by the liver from lipoproteins was associated with a transfer of radioactivity from the lipoprotein portion to the lipoprotein-free portion of the perfusate.
155. Other animalPKA and PKC signaling pathways mediate vitamin D₃-regulated intestinal phosphorus absorption in broiler chickens.
     Poult Sci, 2026 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 41855802DOI 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106762PMC13011214 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Experiment 1 dietary supplementation of ':Control birds were fed a VD₃-deficient diet, whereas the treatment group were given a diet supplemented with 1000 IU/kg VD₃ for 19 days.
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Experiment 2 intraperitoneal injection o':Experiment 2 used 24 Arbor Acres broiler chickens (male, 10 d) fed a VD3-adequate diet (1000 IU/kg).
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Experiment 3 intraperitoneal injection o':Experiment 3 used 24 Arbor Acres broiler chickens (male, 9 d) fed a VD3-adequate diet (1000 IU/kg).
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Effects of dietary VD3 on growth perform':Compared with the control VD₃-deficient diet, the treatment diet supplemented with 1000 IU/kg VD₃ increased BWG, FI, and blood mineral concentrations and Ca/Pi ratio, and reduced FCR in broilers (1–19 d) (Table 3, P < 0.05).
156. Other animalSpatiotemporally programmed co-delivery via double emulsions enables absorption synergy of 5-MTHF-Ca and vitamin D3.
     Food Res Int, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 40597517DOI 10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116800
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:During in vitro digestion, co-loaded DEs demonstrated delayed lipid hydrolysis (38.01 ± 5.55 % FFA release at 30 min vs. 43.88 ± 13.79 % for S-VD3) and preserved structural integrity through gastrointestinal phases, while synchronized intestinal micellar incorporation increased VD3 bioaccessibility by 19.82 %.
     • Key findings · abstract:Ex vivo fluorescence tracking in mice revealed spatiotemporal co-localization of both actives, with jejunal accumulation peaking at 2-4 h post-administration, aligning with Ussing chamber results showing 2.13-fold enhanced VD3 permeation and 1.80-fold enhanced 5-MTHF-Ca transport in co[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Cmax · abstract:Pharmacokinetic studies in rats confirmed bioavailability enhancement, with co-loaded DEs achieving 1.37-fold higher VD3 AUC0∼36 (6707.08 ± 1123.82 vs. 4898.36 ± 685.16 ng·h/mL) and 1.19-fold increased 5-MTHF-Ca Cmax compared to single-loaded formulations.
     • Tmax · abstract:The extended Tmax (by twofold) and prolonged t1/2Ka (1.81-fold for 5-MTHF-Ca) indicated optimized intestinal retention, attributed to the phase-separated W/O/W architecture protecting actives from premature degradation.
     • AUC · abstract:Pharmacokinetic studies in rats confirmed bioavailability enhancement, with co-loaded DEs achieving 1.37-fold higher VD3 AUC0∼36 (6707.08 ± 1123.82 vs. 4898.36 ± 685.16 ng·h/mL) and 1.19-fold increased 5-MTHF-Ca Cmax compared to single-loaded formulations.
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Ex vivo fluorescence tracking in mice revealed spatiotemporal co-localization of both actives, with jejunal accumulation peaking at 2-4 h post-administration, aligning with Ussing chamber results showing 2.13-fold enhanced VD3 permeation and 1.80-fold enhanced 5-MTHF-Ca transport in co-loaded systems.
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Pharmacokinetic studies in rats confirmed bioavailability enhancement, with co-loaded DEs achieving 1.37-fold higher VD3 AUC0∼36 (6707.08 ± 1123.82 vs. 4898.36 ± 685.16 ng·h/mL) and 1.19-fold increased 5-MTHF-Ca Cmax compared to single-loaded formulations.
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The extended Tmax (by twofold) and p
157. Other animalVitamin D3 requirements and relative bioavailability for starter male White Pekin ducks fed either cholecalciferol or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.
     Poult Sci, 2025 · Design: not stated · n: n = 624 · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 39580905DOI 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104525PMC11625324 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:The objectives were to investigate effects of various concentrations of dietary vitamin D3 (VD3) or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) on growth performance, VD3 status, calcium (Ca) metabolism, and tibia mineralization of starter male White Pekin ducks, and dietary requirements and relative bioavailability of these two compounds.
     • Key findings · abstract:At 21 days of age, growth performance, carcass traits, plasma 25-OH-D3 and Ca content, and tibia mineralization were examined.
     • Key findings · abstract:Ducks in the negative control group had the lowest body weight, average daily weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), bre[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The objectives were to investigate effects of various concentrations of dietary vitamin D3 (VD3) or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) on growth performance, VD3 status, calcium (Ca) metabolism, and tibia mineralization of starter male White Pekin ducks, and dietary requirements and relative bioavailability of these two compounds.
     • Food effect · abstract:There was a high incidence of leg disease and mortality in ducks fed the control diet; however, those negative effects were avoided by adequate VD3 or 25-OH-D3 supplementation.
     • Food effect · abstract:Furthermore, at 100 or 200 IU/kg, ducks fed 25-OH-D3 had greater body weight, ADG, ADFI, plasma Ca, plasma 25-OH-D3, tibia weight, tibia diameter, tibia ash than those fed VD3 (P < 0.05), indicating 25-OH-D3 was more effective in stimulating growth, Ca absorption, and tibia mineralization.
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section 'Results':When the response to vitamin D3 was set to 100%, estimated relative bioavailability of 25-OH-D3 was 128%, 131%, 149%, 172%,151%, 143%, 151%, 139%, 130%, and 186% respectively, based on the indices mentioned above.
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section 'Conclusion':Relative bioavailability of 25-OH-D3 was 186% based on plasma 25-OH-D3 concentrations estimated by slope ratio comparison from multiple linear regressions using cholecalciferol as the standard source.
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Results':Mortality of ducks in the control group fed the basal vitamin D3-deficient diet reached 25%, greater than groups supplemented with vitamin D3 or 25-OH-D3 (P < 0.05).
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Results':Body weight, ADG, and ADFI were greater for ducks fed 100 IU/kg and 200 IU/kg diets of 25-OH-D3 versus vitamin D3.
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Results':Leg disease of ducks in the control group fed the basal vitamin D3-deficient diet reached 30%, greater than vitamin D3-supplemented or 25-OH-D3-supplemented groups (P < 0.05).
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Results':Body weight, ADG, and ADFI were greater for ducks fed 100 IU/kg and 200 IU/kg diets of 25-OH-D3 versus vitamin D3.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Results':Greater breast muscle percentage was observed for ducks fed 200 IU/kg 25-OH-D3 versus vitamin D3.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Results':Higher plasma 25-OH-D3 concentration was observed for ducks fed diets with 25-OH-D3 compared to those fed diets with vitamin D3 at concentration of 200, 400, 800, 1200, or 2000 IU/kg.
158. Other animalRelative bioavailability of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol vs. cholecalciferol and vitamin D3 requirements in White Pekin ducks from 15 to 42 d of age.
     J Anim Sci, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
     PMID 40577526DOI 10.1093/jas/skaf184PMC12304416 (free full text)
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:This study was designed to assess the effects of varying levels of vitamin D3 (VD3) or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) supplementary in the diet on growth performance, VD3 status, plasma calcium (Ca) levels, and tibial mineralization in growing male White Pekin ducks, and to determine the dietary requirements and relative bioavailability (RBA) of these 2 compounds.
     • Key findings · abstract:Ducks fed the basal diet had significantly lower body weight, average daily weight gain (ADG), plasma 25-OH-D3, calcium levels, and tibial mineralization (P < 0.05); however, all these parameters improved linearly or quadrati[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:This study was designed to assess the effects of varying levels of vitamin D3 (VD3) or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) supplementary in the diet on growth performance, VD3 status, plasma calcium (Ca) levels, and tibial mineralization in growing male White Pekin ducks, and to determine the dietary requirements and relative bioavailability (RBA) of these 2 compounds.
     • Food effect · abstract:Ducks fed the basal diet had significantly lower body weight, average daily weight gain (ADG), plasma 25-OH-D3, calcium levels, and tibial mineralization (P < 0.05); however, all these parameters improved linearly or quadratically (P < 0.05) with increased VD3 or 25-OH-D3 levels in the diet.
159. Other animalFormulation of pH-responsive nanoparticles using zein/sodium alginate polymers for enhanced bioavailability of the vitamin D3.
     Int J Biol Macromol, 2025 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 40360103DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144140
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The effective delivery of vitamin D3 (Vit D3) is challenging due to its susceptibility to degradation and low bioavailability, necessitating advanced encapsulation strategies.
     • Key findings · abstract:Further, in-vivo bioavailability in Wistar rats revealed significantly higher absorption and prolonged retention in NPs-treated groups (64.16 ng/mL) compared to free Vit D3 (18.87 ng/mL).
     • Key findings · abstract:Similarly, alkaline phosphatase assays confirmed enhanced bone mineralization in NPs treated rats (1.3-fold increase).
     • Key findings · abstract:Overall, the study highlights Z/SA nanoparticles as an effective delivery system for improving the stability an[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:Similarly, alkaline phosphatase assays confirmed enhanced bone mineralization in NPs treated rats (1.3-fold increase).
160. Other animalVitamin D is involved in the regulation of Cl- uptake in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
     Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol, 2024 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 38885808DOI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111678
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Vitamin D is involved in the regulation of Ca2+ uptake and acid secretion in fish.
     • Key findings · abstract:Na+-Cl- cotransporter 2b (NCC2b) and Cl- channel 2c (CLC2c) are specifically expressed during Cl- uptake by ionocytes in zebrafish.
161. Other animalVitamin D3-Loaded Nanoemulsions as a Potential Drug Delivery System for Autistic Children: Formulation Development, Safety, and Pharmacokinetic Studies.
     AAPS PharmSciTech, 2023 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
     PMID 36759398DOI 10.1208/s12249-023-02501-2
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The aim of the current study is the development of a vitamin D3 (VD3)-loaded nanoemulsion (NE) formulation to improve VD3 oral bioavailability for management of vitamin D inadequacy in autistic children.
     • Key findings · abstract:Furthermore, evaluation of VD3-NE6 oral bioavailability depicted a significant increase in AUC0-72 and Cmax with decreased Tmax compared to plain VD3.
     • Cmax · abstract:Furthermore, evaluation of VD3-NE6 oral bioavailability depicted a significant increase in AUC0-72 and Cmax with decreased Tmax compared to plain VD3.
     • Tmax · abstract:Furthermore, evaluation of VD3-NE6 oral bioavailability depicted a significant increase in AUC0-72 and Cmax with decreased Tmax compared to plain VD3.
     • AUC · abstract:Furthermore, evaluation of VD3-NE6 oral bioavailability depicted a significant increase in AUC0-72 and Cmax with decreased Tmax compared to plain VD3.
162. Other animalMedium and long-chain structured triacylglycerol enhances vitamin D bioavailability in an emulsion-based delivery system: combination of in vitro and in vivo studies.
     Food Funct, 2022 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 35112696DOI 10.1039/d1fo03407c
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:In terms of the lipid digestion and absorption, the extent of the higher free fatty acid released (69.42%, p < 0.05), extent of lipolysis (89.28%, p < 0.05), lipolysis rate (0.06 s-1, p < 0.05), and the ratio of the long-chain fatty acid to medium-chain fatty acid of STG (4.8, p < 0.05), result in a higher capacity for accommodating VitD when forming mixed micelles (61.31%, p < 0.05).
163. Other animalDoes Vitamin D Insufficiency Influence Prebiotic Effect on Calcium Absorption and Bone Retention?
     Calcif Tissue Int, 2022 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 35505249DOI 10.1007/s00223-022-00984-y
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Moreover, bone retention i.e., bone mineral content and density, bone volume, and bone quality parameters were significantly lower (p < 0.05) and bone turnover significantly was higher (p < 0.05).
     • Food effect · abstract:Ovariectomized rats were fed isocaloric semisynthetic diets according to AIN-93 M.
164. Other animalSpore exines increase vitamin D clinical bioavailability by mucoadhesion and bile triggered release.
     J Control Release, 2022 · Design: randomized; crossover · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (green)
     PMID 35973473DOI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.017
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:(iii) ex vivo99mTc labelling and counting data using rat small intestine sections showing preferred retention of SpECs vs synthetic beads;[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
165. Other animalLactobacillus rhamnosus GG Promotes Intestinal Vitamin D Absorption by Upregulating Vitamin D Transporters in Senile Osteoporosis.
     Calcif Tissue Int, 2022 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 35616697DOI 10.1007/s00223-022-00975-z
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Furthermore, levels of cholecalciferol absorption were compared between Caco-2 cells cultured with varying concentrations of cholecalciferol and stimulated with LCS or de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth (control).
     • Key findings · abstract:The results showed that plasma concentrations of cholecalciferol and 25OHD3 were higher in mice of the LCS group compared with the control group, and these values were positively correlated.
     • Key findings · abstract:With the addition of LCS, cholecalciferol uptake was increased with 0.5 μM or 10 μM cholecalciferol in the medium.
     • Key findings · abstract:Protein levels of CD36 and NPC1L1 were higher in the LCS group compare[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
166. Other animalAn emerging role of vitamin D3 in amino acid absorption in different intestinal segments of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
     Anim Nutr, 2022 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 35891684DOI 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.05.004PMC9293741 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Vitamin D3 (VD3), an essential nutrient for animals, has been demonstrated to stimulate the uptake of certain amino acids.
     • Key findings · abstract:However, the role of VD3 in the intestine, the primary site for digestion and absorption of nutrients, remains poorly characterized.
     • Key findings · abstract:Here, the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was studied to assess the influence of different doses of VD3 (15.2, 364.3, 782.5, 1,167.9, 1,573.8, and 1,980.1 IU/kg) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive absorption, amino acid transport, and potential signaling molecule levels in a feeding experiment.
     • Key findings · abstract:In the crucial t[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Growth performance and histopathology of':As displayed in Table 4, final body weight (FBW), percentage weight gain (PWG), SGR, FI, feed efficiency (FE), intestinal length (IL), and intestinal weight (IW) increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with those of the control for VD3 supplementation up to 1,167.9 IU/kg, and decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at higher concentrations.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Excess levels of VD3 led to adverse effe':Compared with the results observed at optimal VD3 supplement levels (1,167.9 IU/kg diet), excess VD3 (1,980.1IU/kg diet) led to significantly decreased growth performance and feed utilization.
167. Other animalThe Complex ABCG5/ABCG8 Regulates Vitamin D Absorption Rate and Contributes to its Efflux from the Intestine.
     Mol Nutr Food Res, 2021 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 34510707DOI 10.1002/mnfr.202100617
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Mice deficient in ABCG5/G8 at the intestinal level (I-Abcg5/g8-/- mice) display an accumulation of cholecalciferol in plasma in females and in liver in males compared to control animals.
     • Key findings · abstract:I-Abcg5/g8-/- mice display a delay in cholecalciferol postprandial response after gavage compared with controls. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol transfer from plasma to lumen is observed in vivo in intestine-perfused mice, and the lack of intestinal ABCG5/G8 complex induces a decrease in this efflux, while vitamin D bile excretion remains unchanged.
     • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSION: Overall, it is showed for the first time that the A[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:I-Abcg5/g8-/- mice display a delay in cholecalciferol postprandial response after gavage compared with controls. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol transfer from plasma to lumen is observed in vivo in intestine-perfused mice, and the lack of intestinal ABCG5/G8 complex induces a decrease in this efflux, while vitamin D bile excretion remains unchanged.
168. Other animalEncapsulation of vitamin D3 in gum arabic to enhance bioavailability and stability for beverage applications.
     J Food Sci, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 32691454DOI 10.1111/1750-3841.15340
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Delivery of vitamin D3 (VD3 ) in foods should exhibit desirable physicochemical characteristics and improves absorption.
     • Key findings · abstract:Bioaccessibility of VD3 in capsules (95.76%) was significantly higher than the nonencapsulated VD3 (68.98%).
     • Key findings · abstract:The in vivo pharmacokinetic study in Sprague-Dawley rats after a single-dose of 300 µg VD3 showed the area-under-curve of serum 25(OHD) level in 48 hr of the encapsulation treatment was 4.32-fold of the nonencapsulated VD3 and more than twice higher than the VD3 -GA physical mixture.
     • Key findings · abstract:During 2-week supplementation of 60 µg VD3 /d, rats receiving capsules or physi[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The in vivo pharmacokinetic study in Sprague-Dawley rats after a single-dose of 300 µg VD3 showed the area-under-curve of serum 25(OHD) level in 48 hr of the encapsulation treatment was 4.32-fold of the nonencapsulated VD3 and more than twice higher than the VD3 -GA physical mixture.
169. Other animalBioavailability, rheology, and sensory evaluation of mayonnaise fortified with vitamin D encapsulated in protein-based carriers.
     J Texture Stud, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 32799340DOI 10.1111/jtxs.12555
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Serum vitamin D level was significantly higher in the encapsulated VDFM rat group (58.14 ± 6.29 nmol/L) than the control (37.80 ± 4.98 nmol/L).
170. Other animalLithocholic acid increases intestinal phosphate and calcium absorption in a vitamin D receptor dependent but transcellular pathway independent manner.
     Kidney Int, 2020 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (bronze)
     PMID 32354638DOI 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.032
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:In patients with chronic kidney disease, serum 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D levels are decreased, probably as an intrinsic adjustment to reduce phosphate/calcium burden.
     • Key findings · abstract:In contrast, serum and fecal lithocholic acid levels and fecal levels of bile acid 7α-dehydratase, a rate-limiting enzyme involved in lithocholic acid production, were not downregulated.
171. Other animalBioavailability of Different Vitamin D Oral Supplements in Laboratory Animal Model.
     Medicina (Kaunas), 2019 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 31185696DOI 10.3390/medicina55060265PMC6631968 (free full text)
     Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
     • Key findings · abstract:Results: Comparison of all three tested products showed that the microencapsulated and oil-based vitamin D3 vehicles were the most bioavailable in comparison to micellized vitamin D3.
172. Other animalPharmacokinetics of intra-articular vitamin D analogue calcipotriol in sheep and metabolism in human synovial and mesenchymal stromal cells.
     J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2019 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 30562554DOI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.12.006
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:After intra-articular dosing, the systemic absorption was between 1 and 13% during the observed 24 h.
173. Other animalEffects of vitamin D2-fortified shiitake mushroom on bioavailability and bone structure.
     Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2019 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 30732553DOI 10.1080/09168451.2019.1576497
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability and bone loss inhibitory effects of vitamin D2 derived from UV-irradiated shiitake mushroom were determined in vivo.
     • Key findings · abstract:The effect of the absence of ovaries on the bioavailability of vitamin D2 and bone structure was also investigated.
     • Key findings · abstract:The obtained results showed that vitamin D2 from shiitake mushroom was able to increase bone mineral density and trabecular bone structure of femur bone as well as its bioavailability.
     • Key findings · abstract:The absence of estrogen induced adverse effects not only on bioavailability of vitamin D2 but also on trabecular bone.
     • Key findings · abstract:In conclusion, vitamin D2-fortified shi[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
174. Other animalABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) regulates vitamin D absorption and contributes to its transintestinal efflux.
     FASEB J, 2019 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (green)
     PMID 30222077DOI 10.1096/fj.201800956RPDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Mice deficient for the 2 murine ABCB1s encoded by Abcb1a and Abcb1b genes ( Abcb1-/-) displayed an accumulation of 25(OH)D3 in plasma, intestine, brain, liver, and kidneys, together with an increased D3 postprandial response after gavage compared with controls. 25(OH)D3 efflux through Abcb1-/- intestinal explants was markedly decreased compared with controls.
     • Key findings · abstract:This reduction of 25(OH)D3 transfer from plasma to lumen was further confirmed in vivo in intestine-perfused mice.
     • Key findings · abstract:Finally, in a group of 39 healthy male adults, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ABCB1 (rs17064) was significan[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Thus, we showed here for the first time that ABCB1 is involved in neo-absorbed vitamin D efflux by the enterocytes and that it also contributes to vitamin D transintestinal excretion and likely impacts vitamin D status.-Margier, M., Collet, X., le May, C., Desmarchelier, C., André, F., Lebrun, C., Defoort, C., Bluteau, A., Borel, P., Lespine, A., Reboul, E.
     • Food effect · abstract:Mice deficient for the 2 murine ABCB1s encoded by Abcb1a and Abcb1b genes ( Abcb1-/-) displayed an accumulation of 25(OH)D3 in plasma, intestine, brain, liver, and kidneys, together with an increased D3 postprandial response after gavage compared with controls. 25(OH)D3 efflux through Abcb1-/- intestinal explants was markedly decreased compared with controls.
     • Food effect · abstract:Finally, in a group of 39 healthy male adults, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ABCB1 (rs17064) was significantly associated with the fasting plasma 25(OH)D3 concentration.
     • AUC · full text, p.13:3 h of gavage (+196.2%, p<0.05), and after 6 h (+59.1%, p<0.05) (Figure 3A). Subsequently, the overall postprandial plasma D3 response, expressed as area under the postprandial plasma concentration versus time curves at 0–6 h, tended to be higher in the Abcb1-/- animals compared with control mice (Figure 3B). The increase in D3 postprandial response in Abcb1-/- mice was more pronounced and became
     • Food effect · full text, p.10:rest was given to residues belonging to the "hotspots” for drug binding (22). Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ABCB1 and fasting plasma 25(OH)D3 concentrations in healthy male adults
     • Food effect · full text, p.11:10 Thirty-nine healthy male adults were recruited for the study (NCT02100774, ClinicalTrials.gov) and their fasting plasma 25(OH)D3 concentration was measured as previously described (23). They were genotyped using whole-genome microarrays (24). One hundred and fourteen SNPs in ABCB1 were expressed on the arrays. SNPs for which the genotype call rate was <95%, or
     • Food effect · full text, p.12:<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively), while plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 remained unchanged (Figure 2A). Vitamin D concentrations were significantly higher in both fasting intestine (+115.4%; p<0.05 for D3 and +43.0%; p<0.05 for 25(OH)D3, respectively, Figure 2B) and brain of Abcb1-/- mice (+65.6%; p<0.005 for D3 and +58.2%; p<0.05 for 25(OH)D3, respectively, Figure 2C). In addition, in Abcb1-/- mice, 25(OH)D3
     • Form comparison · full text, p.12:.4%) but not 25(OH)D3 efflux (Figure 1C). The transitory transfection with ABCB1 of Griptite cells significantly increased the D3 apical efflux, when compared with cells transfected with an empty plasmid (+32.2% at 2 h, +34.8% at 4 h; p<0.05; Figure 1D). This transitory transfection also significantly increased the 25(OH)D3 apical efflux when compared with cells transfected with an empty plasmid (
     • Form comparison · full text, p.13:12 Figure 2C), while D3 concentration did not change in both tissues, when compared with control mice. 1,25(OH)2D3 was not delectable locally in tissues. Intestinal vdr expression tended to be decreased by half in Abcb1-/- mice compared to control mice (relative expression of 100.0 ± 20.3 % in control mice vs 51.2 ± 12.5% in Abcb1-/- mi
     • Form comparison · full text, p.14:the lesser frequent allele at rs17064, localized in the le 3’-Untranslated Region of ABCB1 gene, displayed a 35.9% decrease in their 25(OH)D3 status compared with subjects homozygous for the most frequent allele (respectively 35.94 ± 4.50 nmol/L, n=9 vs 56.07 ± 3.00 nmol/L, n=30; adjusted p=0.041, t-test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction). Of note, 3 other SNPs (rs1045642, rs17149810, rs2235015)
175. Other animalThe Efficacy of Nanoemulsion-Based Delivery to Improve Vitamin D Absorption: Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.
     Mol Nutr Food Res, 2018 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 29266712DOI 10.1002/mnfr.201700836
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:To evaluate the in vivo bioavailability, we orally administer three groups of mice with VD3 nanoemulsion, VD3 coarse emulsion, or vehicle nanoemulsion without VD3 , and the serum 25(OH)D3 is measured using radioactive immunoassay.
     • Key findings · abstract:The nanoemulsion-based delivery system increases the in vitro bioaccessibility by 3.94-folds (p < 0.05), as indicated by the concentration of vitamin D3 in micelles.
     • Key findings · abstract:Our animal study shows that, when compared to the vehicle group, the coarse emulsion numerically increases the serum 25(OH)D3 by 36%, whereas the nanoemulsion statistically significantly increases th[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:The nanoemulsion-based delivery system increases the in vitro bioaccessibility by 3.94-folds (p < 0.05), as indicated by the concentration of vitamin D3 in micelles.
176. Other animalComparative Pharmacokinetics of Cholecalciferol in Dogs from 2 Different Oral Formulations Using Corrective Measures to Overcome Interference from Endogenous Cholecalciferol.
     Drug Res (Stuttg), 2017 · Design: not stated · n: 6 dogs · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 28445901DOI 10.1055/s-0043-101527
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Serum cholecalciferol concentration vs. time profiles for the 2 formulations was almost superimposable.
     • Key findings · abstract:For example: Cmax (ng/mL) and AUCinf (ng.h/mL) derived after the baseline corrections were 708.65 and 38 877.18 for reference and 743.71 and 40 665.51 for test, respectively.
     • Cmax · abstract:For example: Cmax (ng/mL) and AUCinf (ng.h/mL) derived after the baseline corrections were 708.65 and 38 877.18 for reference and 743.71 and 40 665.51 for test, respectively.
     • AUC · abstract:For example: Cmax (ng/mL) and AUCinf (ng.h/mL) derived after the baseline corrections were 708.65 and 38 877.18 for reference and 743.71 and 40 665.51 for test, respectively.
     • Food effect · abstract:The aim of the preclinical investigation was to obtain single dose pharmacokinetics in dogs from 2 different oral cholecalciferol formulations using corrective measures to overcome the interference of endogenous cholecalciferol. 6 dogs were fasted overnight and the following day received 60 000 IU dose cholecalciferol [reference, Eris®, vs. test, Sunbless®] by oral dosing.
177. Other animalThe influence of lipid droplet size on the oral bioavailability of vitamin D2 encapsulated in emulsions: an in vitro and in vivo study.
     Food Funct, 2017 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 28116392DOI 10.1039/c6fo01565d
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:In this study, we examined the influence of the initial lipid droplet size on the in vitro bioaccessibility and in vivo absorption of vitamin D2 encapsulated in oil-in-water emulsions.
     • Key findings · abstract:In contrast, the in vivo rat feeding studies suggested that the absorption of vitamin D2 was the highest for the emulsions containing the largest droplets.
178. Other animalPlasma transport of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol and their 25-hydroxylated metabolites in dairy cows.
     Domest Anim Endocrinol, 2017 · Design: randomized · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (gold)
     PMID 27940098DOI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.11.002
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The hypothesis of the present study is that vitamin D from the 3 sources is transported in different plasma fractions in the body.
     • Key findings · abstract:This is hypothesized to explain the lower efficiency of ERG compared to CHO in securing a sufficient plasma status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and explain the inefficient excretion of dietary CHO into milk compared to endogenous CHO.
     • Key findings · abstract:Blood samples were taken twice weekly and plasma fractionated by ultracentrifugation into 3 fractions: light lipoprotein (LLP), heavy lipoprotein (HLP), and protein and analyzed for content of ERG and CHO and their liver derived metabol[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Twenty vitamin D-depleted cows were assigned to 5 treatments: D2, housed indoor and fed 625-μg/d (25.000 IU) ERG;
     • Food effect · abstract:D3, housed indoor and fed 625-μg/d CHO;
     • Food effect · abstract:D2+D3, housed indoor and fed 625-μg/d ERG and 625-μg/d CHO;
     • Food effect · abstract:SUN, let out for daily pasture to facilitate CHO synthesis from sunlight; and D2+SUN, fed 625-μg/d ERG and let out for daily pasture.
179. Other animalEvaluation of Relative Bioavailability of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol to Cholecalciferol for Broiler Chickens.
     Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2016 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 26954155DOI 10.5713/ajas.15.0553PMC4932568 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:This study was conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in 1- to 21-d-old broiler chickens fed with calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient diets.
     • Relative bioavailability · abstract:This study was conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in 1- to 21-d-old broiler chickens fed with calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient diets.
     • Food effect · abstract:This study was conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in 1- to 21-d-old broiler chickens fed with calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient diets.
     • Food effect · abstract:Vitamin D3 was fed at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 μg/kg, and 25-OH-D3 was fed at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/kg.
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Birds, diets, and management':Vitamin D3 was fed at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 μg/kg and 25-OH-D3 was fed at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/kg.
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'Sample collection':The birds were weighed on d 21 after 12 h of fasting.
     • Food effect · full text, Section 'CONCLUSIONS':The present study indicates that the average RBV of 25-OH-D3 to vitamin D3 is approximately 2.03 (namely 203%) for promoting growth performance and bone mineralization in 1- to 21-d-old broiler chickens fed with Ca- and P-deficient diets.
180. Other animalPinoresinol of olive oil decreases vitamin D intestinal absorption.
     Food Chem, 2016 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 27041321DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.048
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We then investigated the effects of 3 main olive oil phenols (oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and pinoresinol) on vitamin D uptake by Caco-2 cells.
     • Food effect · abstract:The presence of polyphenols in the olive oil supplemented with DHA inhibited vitamin D postprandial response in rats (-25%, p<0.05).
181. Other animalEffect of vitamin D on bioavailability and lipid lowering efficacy of simvastatin.
     Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet, 2015 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 24740652DOI 10.1007/s13318-014-0183-z
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
182. Other animalPharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies with vitamin D-loaded nanoemulsions in asthma model.
     Inflammation, 2014 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 24326945DOI 10.1007/s10753-013-9790-0
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:After the mice were treated orally with VD or VDNM, the plasma 25(OH) D levels, polymorphonuclear cells, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), total antioxidant activity, and C3 and C4 complement protein levels were studied, respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:Pharmacokinetic studies showed that a significant increase in the maximum concentration (Cmax) and AUC0→24 h were observed in VDNM group when compared with VD group (P < 0.01).
     • Cmax · abstract:Pharmacokinetic studies showed that a significant increase in the maximum concentration (Cmax) and AUC0→24 h were observed in VDNM group when compared with VD group (P < 0.01).
     • AUC · abstract:Pharmacokinetic studies showed that a significant increase in the maximum concentration (Cmax) and AUC0→24 h were observed in VDNM group when compared with VD group (P < 0.01).
183. Other animalBioavailability of vitamin D₂ and calcium from fortified milk.
     Food Chem, 2014 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 24206723DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.150
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The objective of the present investigation was to determine bioavailability of calcium and vitamin D₂ from milk fortified with either calcium or vitamin D₂ alone or when both were used for preparation of multiple micronutrient fortified milk and also to study its interaction with iron and zinc bioavailability. 32 weanling male rats (aged 21-28 days) were assigned into four groups and were fed milk and milk fortified with calcium, vitamin D₂ and calcium+vitamin D₂.
     • Food effect · abstract:The objective of the present investigation was to determine bioavailability of calcium and vitamin D₂ from milk fortified with either calcium or vitamin D₂ alone or when both were used for preparation of multiple micronutrient fortified milk and also to study its interaction with iron and zinc bioavailability. 32 weanling male rats (aged 21-28 days) were assigned into four groups and were fed milk and milk fortified with calcium, vitamin D₂ and calcium+vitamin D₂.
184. Other animalVitamin D intestinal absorption is not a simple passive diffusion: evidences for involvement of cholesterol transporters.
     Mol Nutr Food Res, 2011 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 21280209DOI 10.1002/mnfr.201000553
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:However, since cholecalciferol (vitamin D(3) ) and cholesterol display similar structures, we hypothesized that common absorption pathways may exist.
     • Key findings · abstract:Cholecalciferol uptake was concentration-, temperature- and direction-dependent, and was significantly impaired by a co-incubation with cholesterol or tocopherol in Caco-2 cells.
     • Key findings · abstract:Transfection of HEK cells with SR-BI, Cluster Determinant 36 and Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 significantly enhanced vitamin D uptake, which was significantly decreased by the addition of Block Lipid Transport-1, sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate (Cluster Determinant 36 inhibito[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
185. Other animalBioavailability of vitamin D2 from irradiated mushrooms: an in vivo study.
     Br J Nutr, 2005 · Design: not stated · abstract (PubMed); full-text PDF saved · open access (bronze)
     PMID 16022766DOI 10.1079/bjn20051416PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Vitamin D2 from irradiated edible mushrooms might present a possible dietary source of this vitamin, subject to its bioavailability.
     • Key findings · abstract:Having previously optimized a method for the conversion of ergosterol in mushrooms to vitamin D2, this paper examines the vitamin D-enriched mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) for their bioavailability of the vitamin, using an animal model.
     • Key findings · abstract:After this 1-week period, six rats were randomly selected and killed for analysis of initial bone mineral density, and serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
     • Key findings · abstract:At the end of a 4-week period, the mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:It may be concluded from the results that vitamin D2 from UV-irradiated mushrooms is well absorbed and metabolized in this model animal system.
     • Food effect · abstract:Thirty male Wistar rats were fed for 1 week with a diet deficient in vitamin D.
     • Food effect · full text, p.1:nes the vitamin D-enriched mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) for their bioavailability of the vitamin, using an animal model. Thirty male Wistar rats were fed for 1 week with a diet deficient in vitamin D. After this 1-week period, six rats were randomly selected and killed for analysis of initial bone mineral density, and serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. A group of twelve rats of the test animals r
     • Food effect · full text, p.3:which results of this study show dramatic increases in serum 25-hydro- received vitamin D2 from mushrooms) compared with Group 1. xyvitamin D in rats fed with vitamin D2 from irradiated mush- This is supported by the observation that there was a significantly rooms compared with the values reported by Outila et al. higher BMD and lengths of femur bones in Group 2. In addition, (1999) in a human st
     • Form comparison · full text, p.1:his model animal system. Significant increase in femur bone mineralization (P,0·01) was shown in the presence of vitamin D2 from irradiated mushrooms compared with the controls. Vitamin D2: Ergosterol: Shiitake mushrooms: Bioavailability In 1919, vitamin D, sometimes referred to as the ‘sunshine vita- Naturally, wild mushrooms contain only small amounts of vita- min’ was discovered by Sir Edward M
     • Form comparison · full text, p.3:than the control decrease in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was observed in group. Vieth & Milojevic (1995) reported a value of 58 (SD 8) Group 3 compared with Group 1 but, on the other hand, a remark- nmol/l 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a similar rat study using vitamin able increase was observed in Group 2. The serum Ca levels D3 as a supplement. In this study, the quantities of vitamin D among gro
     • Form comparison · full text, p.4:43. human (70 kg), it is about 200 mg/d. This is approximatly 20 Cheetham CH (1999) Time for a tablet containing high doses of vitamin D times higher compared with the current RDA of vitamin D for alone. Br Med J 318, 1284. adults (10 mg/d), which some workers believe to be inadequate Compston JE (1998) Vitamin D deficiency: time for action. Br Med J 317, 1466–1467. (Hanly et al. 1985; McKenna et
186. Other animalCholecalciferol modulates plasma phosphate but not plasma vitamin D levels and intestinal phosphate absorption in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
     Gen Comp Endocrinol, 1999 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 10336834DOI 10.1006/gcen.1999.7281
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Since the vitamin D endocrine system modulates phosphorus homeostasis and regulates inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake by the small intestine in mammals and birds, we determined the effects of dietary cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on Pi uptake by the small intestine, Pi concentrations in the plasma, Pi concentrations in the intestinal lumen, intestinal weights, liver weights, and concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in the plasma of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed phosphorus-sufficient (0.6 g/100 g) diets.
     • Key findings · abstract:Plasma Pi concentration was higher in trout fed 2,500-40,000 IU/kg diet (8.26 +[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:Since the vitamin D endocrine system modulates phosphorus homeostasis and regulates inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake by the small intestine in mammals and birds, we determined the effects of dietary cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on Pi uptake by the small intestine, Pi concentrations in the plasma, Pi concentrations in the intestinal lumen, intestinal weights, liver weights, and concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in the plasma of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed phosphorus-sufficient (0.6 g/100 g) diets.
     • Food effect · abstract:Five groups of trout initially weighing 55.8 +/- 0.6 g were fed purified diets
187. Other animalVitamin D absorption, plasma concentration and urinary excretion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in nephrotic syndrome.
     Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 1991 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 1990409DOI 10.3181/00379727-196-43181
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:We determined intestinal absorption of vitamin D3 as well as plasma concentration and urinary excretion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside-induced NS.
     • Key findings · abstract:In addition, the NS group exhibited marked urinary losses and significantly reduced plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
     • Key findings · abstract:The rate of vitamin D3 absorption (given as nmol/100 cm/min) at 100 nM perfusate concentration in the NS group (0.161 +/- 0.029) was not significantly different from those obtained in the pair-fed group (0.202 +/- 0.058) and the normal control group (0.143 +/- 0.053).
     • Key findings · abstract:Likewise, no sign[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Food effect · abstract:The rate of vitamin D3 absorption (given as nmol/100 cm/min) at 100 nM perfusate concentration in the NS group (0.161 +/- 0.029) was not significantly different from those obtained in the pair-fed group (0.202 +/- 0.058) and the normal control group (0.143 +/- 0.053).
     • Food effect · abstract:Likewise, no significant difference was found in the rats of vitamin D absorption at 600 nM concentration among the NS (1.073 +/- 0.383), pair-fed (0.955 +/- 0.229), and normal control (0.756 +/- 0.314) groups.
188. Other animalVitamin D-independent intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption during reproduction.
     Am J Physiol, 1990 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2221074DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.4.G631
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
189. Other animalVitamin D kinetics in vivo: effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D administration.
     Am J Physiol, 1989 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2785765DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.1989.256.5.E686
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:To determine whether administration of 1,25(OH)2D can also influence the metabolic clearance rates (MCR) of 1,25(OH)2D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 24,25(OH)2D, we measured metabolic clearance of 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25(OH)2D, and 25(OH)D in rats in which the serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D was increased by continuous infusion.
     • Key findings · abstract:Infusion of 1,25(OH)2D (12 days at 75 pmol/day) increased serum 1,25(OH)2D from 128 +/- 11 to 244 +/- 14 pg/ml (P less than 0.005) and increased MCR from 169 +/- 13 to 210 +/- 9 microliters.min-1.kg-1 or 24% (P less than 0.025).
     • Key findings · abstract:Increasing serum 1,25(OH)2D to 330-360 pg[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
190. Other animalCalcifediol antagonizes PTH action on water and phosphate absorption in rabbit pars recta.
     Am J Physiol, 1988 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2827517DOI 10.1152/ajprenal.1988.254.1.F45
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Reports of the effects of calcifediol (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) on phosphate excretion, alone or with parathyroid hormone (PTH), or with adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), have been conflicting.
     • Key findings · abstract:In tubule segments obtained from rabbits fed a normal diet, the addition of 10 or 30 nM calcifediol to the bath did not alter fluid absorption (Jv) or lumen-to-bath phosphate flux (JPil----b).
     • Food effect · abstract:In tubule segments obtained from rabbits fed a normal diet, the addition of 10 or 30 nM calcifediol to the bath did not alter fluid absorption (Jv) or lumen-to-bath phosphate flux (JPil----b).
191. Other animalIntestinal phosphate absorption: influence of vitamin D and non-vitamin D factors.
     Am J Physiol, 1986 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 2420210DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.1986.250.3.G369
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Active P absorption was demonstrated in young, vitamin D-deficient (-D) rats, whereas active P secretion was found in normal, non-vitamin D-deficient adult rats, suggesting regulation of intestinal P transport by age-dependent but vitamin D-independent mechanisms. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] stimulated mucosal-to-serosal P flux (Jm----s) without affecting serosal-to-mucosal P flux (Js----m), causing further increases in net P absorption (Jnet) in -D rats and reduction in net P secretion in normal adult rats, confirming a previously described role of this hormone on P absorption.
     • Key findings · abstract:W[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
192. Other animalEffect of various vitamin D analogs on plasma calcium and phosphorus and intestinal calcium absorption in fed and unfed American eels, Anguilla rostrata.
     Gen Comp Endocrinol, 1984 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 6088357DOI 10.1016/0016-6480(84)90010-8
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:These same analogs also stimulated the uptake of 45Ca from intestinal sacs in situ.
     • Key findings · abstract:The vitamin D3 appeared to be relatively more effective than the 1,25-(OH)2D3 metabolite and chlorpromazine inhibited the effect of vitamin D3 on intestinal calcium uptake. 7-Dehydrocholesterol, vitamin D2, and 24,25-(OH)2D3 did not stimulate hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, or intestinal calcium uptake.
     • Food effect · abstract:Injection of about 1 ng/g body wt per day of either vitamin D3 or 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 for 7 days induces hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in fed American eels, Anguilla rostrata, but only hyperphosphatemia in unfed eels.
193. Other animalAbsorption and excretion of cholecalciferol and of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and metabolites in birds.
     J Nutr, 1980 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · open access (hybrid)
     PMID 6252300DOI 10.1093/jn/110.10.1930
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The absorption and excretion in vivo of cholecalciferol or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) were determined in chicks (Gallus domesticus) and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo).
     • Key findings · abstract:The overall net cholecalciferol or 25-HCC absorption in chicks and cholecalciferol in turkey poults was 66.5 +/- 3.3, 74.9 +/- 3.7 and 83.6 +/- 7.1% of the intake, respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:The absorption of cholecalciferol or 25-HCC in chicks and turkeys occurred at the upper part of the intestine. 25-HCC, esters and non-polar metabolites of cholecalciferol or 25-HCC, and their polar metabolites, were secreted in the duodenum of[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:The absorption of cholecalciferol or 25-HCC in chicks and turkeys occurred at the upper part of the intestine. 25-HCC, esters and non-polar metabolites of cholecalciferol or 25-HCC, and their polar metabolites, were secreted in the duodenum of chicks and turkeys but were partially reabsorbed at the upper part of the jejunum.
194. Other animalVitamin D bioavailability: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in man after oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous vitamin D administration.
     J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1979 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 447796DOI 10.1210/jcem-48-6-906
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:Bioavailability of vitamin D (D) was assessed by competitive protein-binding assay of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in normal adult volunteers after a single oral, sc, or im dose of commercially available D pharmaceuticals or after a single iv injection of ethanol-propylene glycol solution containing D.
     • Key findings · abstract:Similar increases in serum 25OHD levels were noted after either iv D2 or D3 (100 micrograms/kg), suggesting that the 25-hydroxylation of D2 and D3 is comparable in man.
     • Key findings · abstract:Absolute increases in serum 25OHD levels were similar in subjects receiving D in iv doses of 100 and 250 microg[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
195. In vitroChitin nanocrystals/alginate complex for tuning stability, rheology and bioavailability of cholecalciferol in Pickering emulsions.
     Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 38458286DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130671
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The bioavailability of vitamin D3 in emulsions stabilized with the ChNC-Alg complex is higher than for emulsions stabilized with ChNC alone.
196. In vitroEnhancing vitamin D3 - iron blends via twin-screw dry granulation: Microstructural properties and cellular uptake analysis of vitamin D3.
     Food Chem, 2024 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 37595382DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137154
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The in vitro cellular uptake profile confirmed the absorption of VD3 in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with apparent apoptosis.
197. Species unclearVitamin D supplementation and bone health in post-menopausal women: a 24-month randomized controlled intervention with enhanced bioavailability formulations.
     Eur J Clin Nutr, 2026 · Design: not stated · n: n = 153 · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 42567908DOI 10.1038/s41430-026-01789-0
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:METHODS: Using age and baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, 612 post-menopausal women (ages 50-75 years) with T-scores ranging from -1.5 to -2.5 on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: regular cholecalciferol (1200 IU/day + 1000 mg calcium, n = 153), micronized cholecalciferol (1200 IU/day + 1000 mg calcium, n = 153), liposomal vitamin D3 (800 IU/day + 1000 mg calcium, n = 153), or placebo (n = 153).
     • Key findings · abstract:Other results were changes in femoral neck, lumbar spine, total hip bone mineral density (BMD), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
198. Species unclearVitamin D receptor silencing impairs the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-stimulated phosphorus absorption by suppressing NaPi-IIb gene expression in primary duodenal epithelial cells of broilers.
     Poult Sci, 2026 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 42705192DOI 10.1016/j.psj.2026.107486PMC13572188 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:Our previous study detected the potential regulatory role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3)-stimulated phosphorus (P) absorption and the type IIb sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-IIb) gene expression in the ligated duodenum of broilers.
     • Key findings · abstract:In the present study, three experiments were carried out to further investigate whether and how VDR participated in 1,25-(OH)2D3-stimulated P absorption and NaPi-IIb transcription in broiler primary duodenal epithelial cells (BPDECs).
     • Key findings · abstract:The results showed that in experiment 1, as supplemental 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels increa[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'The effect of supplemental 1,25-(OH)2D3 ':As shown in Fig. 1, the highest supplemental 1,25-(OH)2D3 level at 240 pmol/L did not affect (P > 0.21) TEER value, phenol red transmittance and LDH activity compared to the 1,25-(OH)2D3-unsupplemented control, indicating that the cell monolayer integrity in all treatments was good to meet the requirement of P absorption test, as evidenced by the high TEER values (> 380 Ω cm2), low phenol red tran
199. Species unclearImproved bioavailability of buccal nanoemulsion vitamin D compared to conventional oral supplementation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized controlled trial.
     Front Med (Lausanne), 2025 · Design: randomized · n: 120 patients · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 40927197DOI 10.3389/fmed.2025.1649677PMC12414931 (free full text)PDF
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:This study aimed to compare the effects of buccal nanoemulsion and conventional oral vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in patients with IBD.
     • Key findings · abstract:Patients with IBD were assigned to receive cholecalciferol in an oil emulsion at a dose of 14 000 IU weekly (GTTS) and orally absorbed cholecalciferol at dose 4000 IU twice a week (SPRAY) for 12-16 weeks during the winter months.
     • Key findings · abstract:Plasma 25OHD levels were measured at baseline and after the supplementation period.
     • Key findings · abstract:CONCLUSION: In IBD patients, the sufficient supplementation dose of the orally absorbable cholecalcifer[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Fractional absorption · abstract:Patients with IBD were assigned to receive cholecalciferol in an oil emulsion at a dose of 14 000 IU weekly (GTTS) and orally absorbed cholecalciferol at dose 4000 IU twice a week (SPRAY) for 12-16 weeks during the winter months.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section '3 Results':The number of subjects with sustained 25OHD levels was comparable in both groups (13.5% vs. 20.3%, SPRAY vs.
     • Form comparison · full text, Section '5 Conclusion':In patients with IBD, the buccal spray formulation of cholecalciferol achieved comparable efficacy to the conventional oil-based form, despite being administered at nearly half the dose (1143 IU/day vs. 2000 IU/day).
200. Species unclearEffects of Vitamin D2 and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 Supplementation on Plasma Vitamin D Epimeric Metabolites in Adult Cats.
     Front Vet Sci, 2021 · Design: crossover · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 34164449DOI 10.3389/fvets.2021.654629PMC8215352 (free full text)PDF
     Verification: full text read; no PK numbers matched
     • Key findings · abstract:Vitamin D2 was dosed daily in a molar equivalent dosage to vitamin D3 ingested in the diet while 25(OH)D2 was provided at a daily dose of 20% molar equivalent intake of dietary vitamin D3 based on its expected higher potency.
     • Key findings · abstract:Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D epimers were evaluated at baseline then every 2 weeks for a total of 10 weeks.
     • Key findings · abstract:Results showed that supplementation with 25(OH)D2 more effectively and rapidly raised circulating 25(OH)D2 levels in cat plasma compared to vitamin D2.
     • Key findings · abstract:Formation of C-3 epimers of 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, and 24,25R(OH)2D3, but not 24,25(OH)2D2, wer[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
201. Species unclearThermal Stability and Kinetic Study on Thermal Degradation of Vitamin D3 in Fortified Canola Oil.
     J Food Sci, 2019 · Design: not stated · abstract only (PubMed) · closed/paywalled
     PMID 31441511DOI 10.1111/1750-3841.14764
     Verification: abstract-only auto-extract; unverified
     • Key findings · abstract:The retention of vitamin D3 in samples treated at 100 °C for 30 min showed no significant reduction.
     • Key findings · abstract:Samples treated at 150 and 180 °C depending on the initial concentration showed the retention of 67.5% to 72.97% and 33.16% to 40.35% of vitamin D3 , respectively.
     • Key findings · abstract:An inverse relationship was found between the increment of lipid oxidation products (peroxide and anisidine values) and the retention of vitamin D3 .
     • Key findings · abstract:PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The oil can be fortified with vitamin D3 at low cost and offers a good bioavailability.
202. Species unclearClinical Usefulness of Bioavailable Vitamin D and Impact of GC Genotyping on the Determination of Bioavailable Vitamin D in a Korean Population.
     Int J Endocrinol, 2019 · Design: not stated · n: 136 subjects · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 30774661DOI 10.1155/2019/9120467PMC6350553 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:BACKGROUND: Bioavailable 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) has been suggested for the accurate determination of vitamin D status.
     • Key findings · abstract:The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of bioavailable 25(OH)D in assessing vitamin D status when vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) was significantly altered by pregnancy and liver cirrhosis (LC).
     • Key findings · abstract:The role of genotyping of GC, a gene encoding VDBP, in the determination of bioavailable 25(OH)D concentration in a Korean population was also evaluated.
     • Key findings · abstract:The concentrations of total 25(OH)D and VDBP were measured, and bioavailable 25(OH)D concentrations w[excerpt truncated in our database — see source]
     • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.2. VDBP, Total 25(OH)D, and Bioavailab':Total 25(OH)D concentrations were similar between healthy controls and pregnant women (18.5 ng/ml (IQR, 14.2–23.9 ng/ml) vs. 17.7 (IQR, 11.4–22.7 ng/ml);
     • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.3. Genotype-Independent and Genotype-S':Genotype-independent bioavailable 25(OH)D concentration did not differ significantly from genotype-specific bioavailable 25(OH)D for the three groups combined (2.4 vs. 2.5 ng/ml;
     • Form comparison · full text, Section '3.3. Genotype-Independent and Genotype-S':P = 0.299) or for healthy controls (3.0 vs. 2.9 ng/ml;
203. Species unclearUpdate of the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin D for infants.
     EFSA J, 2018 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 32626014DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5365PMC7009676 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Key findings · abstract:The Panel conducted a meta-regression analysis of collected data, to derive a dose-response relationship between daily supplemental intake of vitamin D and mean achieved serum 25(OH)D concentrations.
     • Key findings · abstract:Considering that a serum 25(OH)D concentration of 200 nmol/L or below is unlikely to pose a risk of adverse health outcomes in infants, the Panel estimated the percentage of infants reaching a concentration above this value at different intakes of vitamin D.
     • Relative bioavailability · full text, Section 'Transport in blood and metabolism of vit':The serum concentration of 25(OH)D is approximately 1,000 times higher than that of 1,25(OH)2D.
     • Food effect · full text, Table 4:Laboratory Daily administration of vitamin D at doses up to 20times the AI Marie et al. (1969) 8‐month‐old boy born at term, 3 months full formula‐fed, then start complementary feeding; anorexia Birth to 4 months ‘normal’ vitamin D prophylaxis;At age 4 months, start 100 μg/dayAt age 6 months, 200 μg/day 4 months 2 months 2 months Anorexia starting 1 month after increase of vitamin D dose,
     • Food effect · full text, Table:less than 2.5 kg or also called small for gestational age infants) will not be excluded, as healthy full‐term low birth weight infants could still be fed with standard infant formula or breastfed and could even receive higher amount of formulae. However, very low birth weight infants (defined as infants weighing less than 1.5 kg) are often (very) preterm or born at term but with adverse health out
     • Food effect · full text, Table:NA No No No All infants were breastfed but unclear if exclusively. Group 1: no supplement. Group 2: supplement was an aqueous preparation. Group 3: fed with a formula not containing vitamin D. Group 4: fed with formula containing 10 μg/L vitamin D. Unclear how much formula was consumed, so real vitamin D intake is unknown. Group 5: fed with a formula not containing vitamin D. Infants received vi
     • Form comparison · full text, Table:n serum or urinary calcium concentrations or serum 25(OH)D concentrations after weekly, monthly or single large doses of vitamin D cannot be directly compared with those occurring after daily or weekly consumption. Thus, while trials on daily doses may be considered for further quantitative analysis, as for case reports mentioned above, trials (or arms of trials) on weekly, monthly doses, bolus do
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Previous assessments on vitamin D':This scientific opinion describes historical evidence of retarded growth from one small study in nine infants who received various regimens of vitamin D exceeding 45 μg/day up to 1 year of age, compared to six infants who received 8.5 μg daily or less (Jeans and Stearns, 1938).
     • Form comparison · full text, Section 'Serum 25(OH)D: relationship with vitamin':By 3 months, 55% (95% confidence interval (CI), 38%–72%) of infants in the 10 μg/day group achieved a serum 25(OH)D concentration of 75 nmol/L or greater vs. 81% (95% CI, 65%–91%) in the 20 μg/day group, 92% (95% CI, 77%–98%) in the 30 μg/day group and 100% in the 40 μg/day group.
204. Species unclearVitamin d: pharmacokinetics and safety when used in conjunction with the pharmaceutical drugs used in cancer patients: a systematic review.
     Cancers (Basel), 2013 · Design: not stated · full text (Europe PMC XML) + abstract · open access (gold)
     PMID 24216707DOI 10.3390/cancers5010255PMC3730309 (free full text)
     Verification: full-text auto-extracted verbatim snippets with location; needs human check
     • Cmax · full text, Table A3:lcitriol + paclitaxel pharmacokinetics in patients with solid tumors, oral administration [30]. No. of patients Dose (µg/day) Dose (µg/week) T1/2 (h) Cmax (ng/mL) AUC0–24 h(ng h/mL) CL/F (mL/min) 3 4 28 21 (15–29) 0.21 (0.16–0.29) 2.4 (2.3–3.6) 23 (32–50) 3 6 42 21 (8.7–34) 0.25 (0.23–0.37) 2.4 (2.1–4.0) 50 (29–70) 2 8 56 18 (17–19) 0.27 (0.14–0.41) 3.2 (2.4–4.0) 54 (42–65) 2 11 77 20 (16–24) 0.59
     • Cmax · full text, Table A4:Summary of calcitriol with and without dexamethasone, iv administration. Study No. of patients Cancer type Dose (µg/week) T1/2 (h) Cmax (ng/mL) AUC0–24 h(ng h/mL) AUC0–72 h (ng h/mL) Other Drugs Fakih et al. [23] 3 Solid 10 13.5 ± 2.9 0.46 ± 0.21 4.59 ± 0.91 Fakih et al. [23] 3 Solid 15 12.3 ± 0.9 0.77 ± 0.37 5.92 ± 1.00 Fakih et al. [23] 3 Solid 20 12.5 ± 1.9 1.01 ± 0.22 8.
     • Cmax · full text, Section '2.1. Overview of the Interactions':In vivo studies have identified that a calcitriol peak plasma concentration of 10 nmol/L has significant anti-tumor activity [23,24].
     • AUC · full text, Table A1:study was not associated with an increase in the response rate when compared with the reported activity of carboplatin alone. Day 2: iv carboplatin (AUC 7 or AUC 6 in patients with prior radiation). 17/0 Repeated every 4 weeks. Morris et al. [47] Progressive prostate cancer Zoledronate Calcitriol Phase I Examine the toxicity of pulse-dosed calcitriol with zoledronate and with the addition of dexa
     • AUC · full text, Table A3:clitaxel pharmacokinetics in patients with solid tumors, oral administration [30]. No. of patients Dose (µg/day) Dose (µg/week) T1/2 (h) Cmax (ng/mL) AUC0–24 h(ng h/mL) CL/F (mL/min) 3 4 28 21 (15–29) 0.21 (0.16–0.29) 2.4 (2.3–3.6) 23 (32–50) 3 6 42 21 (8.7–34) 0.25 (0.23–0.37) 2.4 (2.1–4.0) 50 (29–70) 2 8 56 18 (17–19) 0.27 (0.14–0.41) 3.2 (2.4–4.0) 54 (42–65) 2 11 77 20 (16–24) 0.59 (0.57–0.61)
     • AUC · full text, Table A4:Summary of calcitriol with and without dexamethasone, iv administration. Study No. of patients Cancer type Dose (µg/week) T1/2 (h) Cmax (ng/mL) AUC0–24 h(ng h/mL) AUC0–72 h (ng h/mL) Other Drugs Fakih et al. [23] 3 Solid 10 13.5 ± 2.9 0.46 ± 0.21 4.59 ± 0.91 Fakih et al. [23] 3 Solid 15 12.3 ± 0.9 0.77 ± 0.37 5.92 ± 1.00 Fakih et al. [23] 3 Solid 20 12.5 ± 1.9 1.01 ± 0.22 8.32 ± 1.04
     • Form comparison · full text, Table A1:tabs twice a week, all given orally (p.o.), or a placebo package. There was no significant difference between patients receiving the placebo package vs. the active agents in terms of bone pain, tenderness, or development of new fractures. Hellstrom et al. [43] Acute leukemia myelo-dysplastic syndromes Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-c) 1α-hydroxy-vitamin D3 RCT Study the efficacy and toxicity of each
     • Form comparison · full text, Table A2:droxyvitamin D was observed with fluvastatin treatment (9.6 to 10.2 ng/mL, p = 0.557).Rosuvastatin significantly increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels compared to fluvastatin (p < 0.001) (18.3–24.02 vs. 19.4–20.7 ng/mL) Dose: rosuvastatin 10 mg (Crestor) or fluvastatin 80 mg XL (Lescol XL) for 8 weeks. Fluvastatin 134 participants were randomized, 1:1 Labs: Lipid parameters, 25 hydroxyvitamin-D, 1,